Output In Indonesia Research Articles

Analysis of Metoxyl and Galacturonate Contents from Pectin of Banana Peel Waste Combined with Sappan Wood

The production of banana plants (Musaceaea sp.) ranks first in agricultural output in Indonesia, but this is not balanced by the processing of waste from banana peels, which is a large amount. Therefore, an attempt is made to use banana peel waste as raw material for making pectin. Pectin is used as a functional component in the food industry because of its ability to form thin gels and stabilize proteins. Pectin is also used as a filler in the paper and textile industries, and as a thickener in the rubber industry. This research aims to determine the effect of extraction time and temperature on the quality of pectin from Kepok banana peels. The method used is extraction through Ultrasonic Assisted Solvent Extraction (UASE) in 40 kHz. Banana peels that had been dried and ground into powder were extracted with 0.1 N HCl at temperatures of 70 oC, 80 oC and 90 oC. The variables used in this extraction are variations in extraction time, namely 60 minutes and 80 minutes. The extracted solution is filtered and thickened to half the volume of the original filtrate by heating, then the pectin is thickened using acid ethanol. The pectin precipitate was washed using 96% alcohol until it was free of chloride and the precipitate was separated using a vacuum and then dried in an oven then to analysis of pectin using methoxyl and galacturonate as method to determine pectin quality form banana peel waste. The research results showed that the pectin quality was optimum at a temperature of 90 oC for 80 minutes with a methoxyl content of 4.12% (low methoxyl) and a galacturonic acid content of 79.96%.

Analysis of Government Efforts to Handle Declining Petroleum Yields in Indonesia

All existing innovations continue to be developed by both the government and the community to obtain future savings frHom petroleum products for the next year. The purpose of this research is to analyze how the government innovates in maintaining the limitations and availability of petroleum materials in Indonesia and the impact on how to handle the issue of petroleum problems. The discussion in this article covers the factors of depletion of Indonesia's petroleum reserves, how innovations are carried out, and the impacts they have. This analysis refers to electronic journals that can be accounted for based on discussions of the government's efforts to deal with the decline in petroleum output in Indonesia. The methodology used is a quantitative descriptive method to analyze the issues to be discussed. The data obtained came from journals using skill-free listening (SLBB) and note-taking techniques. Researchers understand the contents of the journals obtained and the results are in the form of notes with correct accountability. It is hoped that the analysis in this article will be able to increase insight and understanding, especially regarding innovations from the government and the people in dealing with the decline in petroleum output, and be able to provide a guide for readers to criticize the results of this article.

Enhancing Upland Rice Growth and Yield with Indigenous Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Isolate at N-Fertilizers Dosage

Upland rice farming plays a crucial role in ensuring food security in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates on the growth of upland rice. The bioassay and pot experiments were conducted to select the capable isolates of PGPR and to investigate the effect of the PGPR inoculant on the N fertilizer efficiency and agronomic traits of upland rice. The bacterial isolates were identified through a biochemical analysis and tested under controlled greenhouse conditions. The selected PGPR inoculant was formulated as a liquid biofertilizer (LB). The three capable isolates were obtained to fix nitrogen, produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), organic acid, and nitrogenase activity and were identified through a biomolecular analysis as Delftia tsuruhatensis strain D9, Delftia sp. strain MS2As2, and Bacillus sp. The application of the LB into the soil at a dose of 10 L ha−1 and 50 kg ha−1 N resulted in a grain yield of 29.81 g pot−1 and a relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) value of 235.08%, signifying a significant improvement over the conventional method. Several variables, including the number of grains, number of panicles, root length, 1000-grain weight, population of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and nitrogen uptake exhibited a strong correlation with the grain yield, accounting for 97.80% of the observed variation. These findings show the enormous potential of PGPR isolates, specifically of Delftia tsuruhatensis strain D9, Delftia sp. strain MS2As2, and Bacillus sp., in significantly enhancing the upland rice output in Indonesia. Furthermore, the use of an LB as a biofertilizer in conjunction with nitrogen fertilization provides a viable and sustainable way to increase yields and enhance the overall sustainability of the region’s upland rice farming systems.

Population structures of Pyricularia oryzae Cavara in South Sulawesi

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the major rice diseases affecting rice output in Indonesia causing a 90% reduction in yield. This study aimed to determine the distribution of Pyricularia oryzae virulence pathotypes (races) in several South Sulawesi regencies. The P. oryzae races were determined in the Green House using 7 rice differential varieties: Asahan, Cisokan, IR 64, Krueng Aceh, Cisadane, Cisanggarung, and Kencana Bali. A total of 72 P. oryzae isolates from Maros, Gowa, Bone, and Pinrang Regencies were tested. The IRRI evaluation standard assessed the disease intensity seven days after inoculation. There were a total of 24 race compositions of P. oryzae were discovered based on the reactions of different rice varieties. However, only two races were dominant. Race 001 was dominant among Pinrang and Maros isolates, whereas race 020 was dominant in Bone and Gowa. Based on this result, monitoring of disease severity and the dynamics of P. oryzae population race structures is important for the breeding and rational distribution of resistant rice varieties.

THE EFFECT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION, FIXED CAPITAL AND LABOR COST ON MANUFACTURING OUTPUT IN INDONESIA

This study aims to determine the effect of energy consumption, fixed capital and labor cost on manufacturing output in Indonesia in 2017-2019. This research is associative research and the method used is a quantitative approach. The data used in this study is panel data collected through documentation techniques. To analyze the data in this study using regression analysis and assistance in the form of an application Econometric Views (Eviews 12). The test results show that energy consumption has a positive effect on manufacturing output, fixed capital has a positive effect on manufacturing output and labor costs have a positive effect on manufacturing output. In addition, simultaneously, energy consumption, fixed capital and labor costs have a positive effect on manufacturing output. Coefficient determination test of the independent variable in this study shows the effect of 81.16% on manufacturing output. Meanwhile, another 18.84% is influenced by factors outside this research

Dynamic Model of The Impact of Macro Indicators and Islamic Monetary Policy Instruments on The Dual Banking System

Indonesia is the largest Muslim country with a unique monetary system that in its development tries to juxtapose two monetary systems that have different philosophies and still need to be deepened on the extent of their impact and effectiveness on the economy. The study explores the impact of macro indicators and monetary policy instruments on economic output in Indonesia. Using the time series analysis method with the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach, the model shows the results that the Macro Capital Market or Stock Market indicators have a positive impact on the economy both in the short and long term. At the same time, inflation responds positively to short-term behavior but becomes economic constraints in long-term action. Meanwhile, in the Monetary policy instruments’ scope, the M1 variable consistently has positive implications both in the short and long term. In contrast, the M2 and SBIS variables give negative responses in the short time but become a driving force for the economy in the long term. Meanwhile, there is no positive correlation between Sharia, Monetary Operations with Economic Output. The research suggests focusing on innovating sharia monetary policy instruments by continuing to carry out monetary policy reforms in order to stimulate better economic conditions.

Analysis of United States Quantitative Easing Policy on Real Output in Indonesia

This study discusses analysis of United States quantitative easing policy on real output in Indonesia. QE policy not only affects US economy but also influences the economic indicators of other countries, especially Indonesia countries with increasingly integrated market conditions. At present the Indonesia economy has been very open, so that policies originating from abroad can affect the country's economic conditions. The possibility of global spillover against non-conventional monetary policies such as QE. It is using the Vector Autoreggresion (VAR) methods to see the effect of QE policy. The data is time series for the 1999Q1-2016Q4. This study will analyze the impact of macroeconomic variables such as interest rates, money supply and inflation on GDP. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the QE policy has an impact on the rate of GDP growth in each country of  Indonesia.

Analysis of United States Quantitative Easing Policy on Real Output in Indonesia

This study discusses analysis of United States quantitative easing policy on real output in Indonesia. QE policy not only affects US economy but also influences the economic indicators of other countries, especially Indonesia countries with increasingly integrated market conditions. At present the Indonesia economy has been very open, so that policies originating from abroad can affect the country's economic conditions. The possibility of global spillover against non-conventional monetary policies such as QE. It is using the Vector Autoreggresion (VAR) methods to see the effect of QE policy. The data is time series for the 1999Q1- 2016Q4. This study will analyze the impact of macroeconomic variables such as interest rates, money supply and inflation on GDP. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the QE policy has an impact on the rate of GDP growth in each country of Indonesia

An Empirical Analysis of The Impact of Islamic Banking on Real Output in Indonesia

Abstract: The role and contribution of Islamic finance on economic growth in Indonesia has increased gradually and steadily. This is because the Islamic economy's universal and comprehensively basic principle is the primary foundation of Islamic banking. This research aimed to analyze the role of Islamic Banking on Indonesia's real sector during 2007.01 – 2016.04. This study used the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) as a tool to analyze secondary data. The result showed that in Indonesia, sharia deposit positively and significantly influenced actual output in the short term. In addition, in the long-term, sharia financing positively and significantly influenced actual output. Moreover, Granger Causality Test proved the occurrence of one-way causality between actual output and inflation. Thus, Islamic banking can encourage actual output in Indonesia. The results of this study become a consideration for stakeholders and policymakers to pay more attention to strategies and policies that support economic growth in Indonesia.Abstrak: Perkembangan keuangan syariah di Indonesia semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Prinsip-prinsip dasar ekonomi syariah yang universal dan komprehensif merupakan landasan utama perbankan syariah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menginvestigasi peran perbankan syariah terhadap sektor riil di Indonesia selama periode 2007.01 – 2016.04. Penelitian ini menggunakan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) sebagai alat untuk menganalisis data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa dalam jangka pendek deposito syariah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap output rill. Selain itu, dalam jangka panjang pembiayaan syariah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap output riil di Indonesia. Lebih lanjut, Uji Kausalitas Granger membuktikan terjadinya kausalitas satu arah antara output riil dan inflasi. Dengan demikian, perbankan syariah mampu mendorong output riil di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi para pemangku kepentingan dan pengambil kebijakan untuk lebih memperhatikan strategi dan kebijakan yang mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia.

Analisis Netralitas Uang di Indonesia Tahun 1995.1 – 2017.2

This study aimed to analyze the effect of currency money, demand deposit money, and quasy money to price level and real output in Indonesia. This study uses time series data period 1995.1 – 2017.2. The analysis tools using Error Correction Model (ECM). The result of study showing there are any significant effect of changes currency money, and demand deposit money to price level and real output. On the other hand, changes in quasy money doesn’t have significant effect on real output. Separately, this showing if currency money and demand deposit are not neutral for real output and quasy money are neutral for real output. But, in general it can be concluded that neutrality of money is not applicable in Indonesia during the study period.

DAMPAK KRISIS KEUANGAN GLOBAL TERHADAP STABILISASI HARGA DAN OUTPUT DI INDONESIA: Analisis Bauran Kebijakan Sederhana

The enactment of the ITF, which has been strengthened by the FITF framework since 2010 amid the global financial crisis, is a test for the Central Bank in using interest rates as the only monetary policy operational target. The decline in liquidity in the Indonesian economy from the impact of the global financial crisis must be responded by Bank Indonesia to maintain credit growth. The monetary and macroprudential policy mix is carried out to maintain the momentum of economic growth with controlled inflation at low and stable levels while at the same time under pressure in the banking sector after the 2008 global financial crisis. This research directly examines the macroeconomic structural model by incorporating the crisis value into exogenous and credit-efficient variables. as a proxy for macroprudential policy. The purpose of this research is related to looking at the monetary policy response of the operational interest rate target as the optimal policy rule for the stabilization of prices and output in Indonesia from the impact of the global financial crisis using a macro structural cointegrating VAR design model State Contingent Rule (SCR). The results showed that the 2008 global financial crisis affected the optimal policy response through a simple policy mix in stabilizing prices and output. Monetary policy through the BI Rate operational target can stabilize prices in a relatively fast time given the size of its contribution in shaping the price component, but not better for output. The credit gap instrument in macroprudential can stabilize output in a fast and permanent time but with a very small contribution but it is not effective for price stabilization. The effective time of monetary policy in influencing price and output stabilization is up to 2.5 years.

International Trade, Financial Development, Foreign Exchange Reserve and Output in Indonesia

International Trade, Financial Development, Foreign Exchange Reserve and Output in Indonesia

Contribution of Solar Photovoltaic on the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission in the Indonesia Power Sector

Indonesia has released the target of reducing Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The strategy includes enhancement renewable energy utilization. One of the most potential renewable energy resources in Indonesia is solar energy. State Electricity Company of Indonesia has planned to develop solar Photo voltaic (PV) power plan in the document planning 2019-2028. The objective of this study is to explore the contribution of solar PV to the reduction GHG of Indonesia. The potency of solar irradiance and solar PV output in several big cities in Indonesia are discussed. The results show that by using the PV technology of Crystalline silicon with mounting position building integrated and the slope and azimuth is 0°, the average solar PV output in Indonesia is 1361.2 kWh/kWp. The planned solar PV installed capacity by the end of 2028 is 985.5 MW. The electricity resulted by the system in a year will be 1341.47 GWh or it is only 0.31% of national electricity consumption. The contribution of solar PV to the GHG emission reduction is 1.341 million tons CO2eq in the year 2028.

Economic and Environmental Impacts of Mass Tourism on Regional Tourism Destinations in Indonesia

The study examines economic and environmental impacts of mass tourism on regional tourism destinations, particularly the establishment of "Ten New Bali", in Indonesia. The sample is restricted to the period of time in which annual data is available and comparable among variables from 1980 to 2015 (36 observations). All of the time series data was collected and retrieved from the World Development Indicator database published by the World Bank. This study applies cointegrating regression analysis using the fully modified OLS, canonical cointegrating regression, and dynamic OLS. The results of the study suggest that 1) there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between tourism receipts, environmental degradation and economic growth in Indonesia, 2) tourism growth and agriculture land growth are positively related to an increase of total output in the short-run in Indonesia, and 3) arable land is significant at the 0.01 level, but forest rents and CO2 from transport are not significant in the short-run in Indonesia. The results confirm that arable land is negatively related to an increase of total output in Indonesia. That is, when tourism growth in the economy is getting realized it shows that the environmental degradation increases greatly in inverse in the model, eventually negative impacts to the environment.

DETERMINANT OF INDONESIAN MANUFACTURING OUTPUT

The role of manufacture in Indonesia influence the economic growth. This research aims to observe and analyze influencing factors of manufacturing sector output in Indonesia. The research method used Error Correction Model (ECM) at period 2005 in 1stquartal – 2017 in 4thquartal. This research used secondary data from Statistik Ekonomi dan Keuangan Indonesia (SEKI) and Federal Reserves. The results of the study show that in long term estimation lend interest rate and inflation have negative and significant impact, whereas FDI has positive and significant impact towards manufacturing sector output. Otherwise, in short term estimation show that lend interest rate has negative and significant impact, while inflation and FDI have no significant impact towards manufacturing sector output.

The Regional Impact of Monetary Policy inIndonesia

AbstractThis paper employs vector autoregressive (VAR) models to measure the impact of monetary policy shocks on regional output inIndonesia. We find substantial cross‐regional variation in policy responses in terms of both magnitude as well as timing. Our work adds to the existing literature by providing insights from a large developing country, viz.Indonesia, where monetary policy has both a national and a regional dimension. The results support previous findings that the differential regional effects of monetary policy are significantly related to sectoral composition (especially the share of manufacturing), providing evidence for the relevance of the interest rate channel of monetary policy. We also find that firm size contributes to these differences, providing evidence for the importance of the credit channel. As a whole, both types of channels appear to operate simultaneously in the decentralized Indonesian monetary policy and to impact on the real part of the regional economy.

APAKAH PERKEMBANGAN FINANSIAL MEREDAM ATAU MEMPERBESAR DAMPAK SUATU KEJUTAN?

This paper analyzes the role of financial development on economic output in Indonesia. Using vector autoregressive method, the results confirm the positive impact of financial development on output growth. The interaction between the financial development and the shock either in financial or real sector shows that the financial development has a positive role to dampen the negative impact of the shock on the output growth, while strengthen the positive one. Another variable on the model, which significantly affect the output growth are excess money, term of trade, and the price. Compare to these variables, the marginal effect of financial development on output is smaller. JEL Classification : E44, O16Keywords : Financial development, shock, output volatility, VAR

DOES FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ABSORB OR AMPLIFY THE SHOCK?

This paper analyzes the role of financial development on economic output in Indonesia. Using vector autoregressive method, the results confirm the positive impact of financial development on output growth. The interaction between the financial development and the shock either in financial or real sector shows that the financial development has a positive role to dampen the negative impact of the shock on the output growth, while strengthen the positive one. Another variable on the model, which significantly affect the output growth are excess money, term of trade, and the price. Compare to these variables, the marginal effect of financial development on output is smaller.JEL Classification : E44, O16Keywords : Financial development, shock, output volatility, VAR

The Regional Impact of Monetary Policy in Indonesia

This paper employs Vector Autoregression (VAR) models to measure the impact of monetary policy shocks on regional output in Indonesia. Having incorporated a possible structural break following the aftermath of the 1997-98 Asian Crisis, the impulse response functions derived from the estimated models reveal substantial cross-region variations in policy responses in terms of their magnitude and timing. Our work complements the existing literature by providing insights from a developing country. The results support previous findings that the differential regional effects of monetary policy are significantly related to sectoral composition (especially the share of manufacturing), providing evidence for the relevance of the interest rate channel of monetary policy. We also find that firm-size contributes to the differences, providing evidence for the relevance of the credit channel.

PENAKSIRAN KESENJANGAN OUTPUT INDONESIA: APLIKASI METODE KALMAN FILTER DAN HODRICK-PRESCOTT FILTER

This research will measure the potential output in Indonesia using Kalman-filterand Hodrick-Prescott Filter. The model will observe the variations of output gapand inflation in Indonesia. The model of Kalman Filter shows a long-term trend ofoutput nearly to actual output than the other model, however it shows a slow responsethan Hodrick-Prescott Filter. Keywords: Output Gap, Inflation, Kalman filter and Hodrick – Prescote Filter.