Outlook Of Man Research Articles

The Sun and Satellite: A Study of Gender Relations in Television Advertisements and its Relationship to the Position of Women in Indian Households

While the contemporary Indian feminists are busy in on-street protests and campaigns regarding woman’s mobility, what is going on inside the Indian households assumes more importance due to its major role in shaping the attitudes and outlook of men and women participating in such events. Advertisements, in a globalized India, act as a major platform for selling the products of MNC’s. The brain surgeons sitting in ad agencies position various products by targeting Indian families and portraying images of their values, patterns of relationship and space shared by the members. And television being a living room mass medium with high reach multiplies its scope of touching different aspects of personal and public life of the families. Gender relations are one of them. Previous studies in this field have been confined to sex roles, stereotypes and portrayal of women as a mother, wife and working lady in the ads. This paper attempts to study the patterns of gender relations portrayed in television advertisements and its relationship to the current positon of women in Indian households. The study is undertaken with broader reference to the division of labor, decision-making, help, advice, mobility and interpersonal communication between male and female partners in the family. Method of content analysis, both quantitative and qualitative, was used to analyze 500 Hindi television advertisements using codes based on these four parameters. For the second part, a survey was conducted from 500 respondents in the metropolitan capital city of Delhi. The questionnaire listed various tasks and decisions of routine family life on a nominal scale. Another Section contained attitudinal statements about women with reference to various roles and decisions involved in domestic, financial and outdoor situations between husband and wife. The agreement of respondents was measured using 5-point Likert Scale. It was found that the position of Indian women in the capital city is like a satellite which depends on the Sun to receive light. And the same pattern is reflected in television advertisements. It was concluded that with the motive of increasing their sales, advertisers are trying to encourage anti-feminist mindset by portraying male dominance in both public and private spaces of the society

OTVORENOST BIĆA I TRAJNOST UMETNOSTI

U ovome radu teorijsko kritičko čitanje knjige Radivoja Kerovića (<em>Tajna</em><em> ljudskog bitka</em>) motivisano je ličnim interesom samoga recipijenta (S. Petrovića). Naime, u ovom osvrtu, a na provokativna a i nedorečena stanovišta savremenih filozofa o izgledima čoveka i, sledstveno, umetnosti, ja ću se fokusirati na osnovna pitanja stvaralačke egzistencije. Poseban predmet eseja čini kritičko propitivanje filozofskih ideja o čoveku kao povesnom i dinamičnom biću, kao svagda-otvorenoj jedinki. U analizi će biti razmotreno nekoliko važnih ideja. Jedna, koja sugeriše negativan stav prema principu <em>kontinuiteta </em>čoveka, prema tome, koja u čovekovim tvorbama isključuje prisustvo <em>teleološkog </em>agensa. Druga je ona koja upravo pretpostavlja permanentnu afirmaciju iskoračenja čoveka, njegovo izmeštanje van granica „dovršenosti“, dovodeći tako u pitanje i sam smisao povesti? Ova je dilema iznova postala urgentna zbog dobro-poznate činjenice persistiranja umetničkog dela (i umetnosti), zbog njegove svagda-dovršenosti i prema tome istrajavanja u vremenu; najzad zbog odlučnog opiranja dela da bude svedeno na nešto kontingentno.

Foregrounding Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: A Postcolonial Study

Chinua Achebe (1930- ) took to the writing of novels and short stories in order to instill socio-cultural and historical awareness among his readers which had a subtle under-pattern of great validity in changing the life condition and outlook of men and women with a modicum of consciousness and sensibility. He was very much concerned about the fate of a society moving inexorably toward thoroughgoing denigration and the self abasement, which accompanied it. It is in this context that Achebe cautioned his native readers to note that the restricted colonial livelihood was not enough. He held that urgent need was some form of Negritude among the colonized Africa. With this perspective in mind, in this article the treatment of Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, as a literary preserver of the African social-cultural and historical values, is undertaken to be examined. This article also argues that through this novel Achebe extrapolates the pride in the cultural and religious aspects of the African postcolonial heritage. Key words: Africa; Achebe; Negritude; Identity; Colonizers

Letter to the Editor: Factors Affecting Men’s Health in Iran

Dear editor, We would like to share my concerns over the health of Iranian men with regard to religious, cultural, and societal conditions of Iranian society, which affect their physical and mental well-being. In Iran, the accepted norm dictates that men are the primary breadwinners of their families; thus, they face extreme pressure from their families to provide sustenance for their wives and children. With this in mind it is dreadful to know that the number of jobs available to men in the Iranian job market has been on the decline, and new job opportunities have been offered to women. While women have become more active in the social arenas, the patriarchal family structure make men the sole breadwinner of their families, so Iranian men are in the stressful situation of financially supporting their families. Studies have shown that the rate of heart disease is high among Iranian men, signifying that many of them suffer from poor health. Moreover, because of the rigorous traditional gender roles governing Iranian society, more hazardous jobs in factories and mills are still performed by men. No matter in what physical conditions a man is, heavy work requiring a great deal of stamina is invariably assigned to men. Women usually take jobs demanding less hazardous physical jobs. Thus, men are prone to many injuries on such jobs. Many male workers are physically injured in Iranian factories on a daily basis. Such workers endanger their mental health as well, since notwithstanding the injury, patriarchal family beliefs governing Iranian society continue to put utmost pressure on them to support their families financially. From a religious point of view, Islam, as the dominant religion in Iran, has several negative effects on men’s health. First, Islam encourages men to have concurrent sexual relationships, which increases their risk of HIV infection. In addition, men are not only free to marry more than one woman, but they are strongly encouraged to do so by religious leaders, which can also increase their vulnerability to one of the most dreadful infections affecting many individuals’ health: HIV/AIDS infection. This is of particular concern, considering the fact that sex education in Iran is still viewed as a taboo topic. Thus, many men are not aware of the protective benefits of using a condom while having concurrent sexual relationships. It is estimated that in the near future, in Iran, the number of HIV-positive men will greatly increase. Finally, because Islam forbids sexual relationships between men, many homosexual men are involved in hidden sexual relationships, which result in increasing the risk of exposure to HIV/AIDS among this population. There are no official figures on the number or health status of homosexual men in Iran, and their health issues are still unknown to the public. As a result of the cultural, societal, and religious structures of Iranian society, the outlook for men’s health in Iran is not promising. The factors affecting men’s health in Iran should also be included in studies investigating men’s health in other geographical locations. Studying the impact of social, cultural, and religious conditions of various countries could potentially shed some light on the factors involved in men’s health based on geographical regions. It is hoped that more comparative studies will be conducted to contrast the social, cultural, and religious factors affecting men’s health in different countries.

Radium-223 for men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and bone metastases

The outlook for men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer is poor with less than 50% alive at 5 years after diagnosis.1 Most will have disease in the skeleton, especially the long bones, skull, and vertebral column, which is associated with pain, fracture, and spinal-cord compression. Treatment is palliative and includes analgesia, chemotherapy, bisphosphonates, radiotherapy, and radioisotopes. Systemic radioisotopes are considered when multiple bone metastases are present, and both strontium-89 (89Sr) and samarium-153 (153Sm) have been approved by the Medical and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency in the UK, and the Food and Drug Administration in the USA for the treatment of this condition.

A Porsche for Patient Accrual

A $1,000 lottery ticket for a Porsche Boxster automobile was offered to the investigator who accrued the most patients to a Southwest Oncology Group prostate cancer protocol. This was done with the admirable intention of increasing patient accrual and improving the outlook for men with high risk prostate cancer. However, the offer of this prize also makes the statement that it is permissible to reward a doctor with an expensive automobile for putting patients on an oncology research protocol. Awarding an expensive prize for patient accrual risks eroding public confidence by creating the perception that clinical investigators, swayed by the allure of an expensive automobile, were motivated by material self-interest rather than the welfare of their patients and the advancement of medical science. I suspect that if the practice of expensive rewards for patient accrual became widespread the cumulative damage would ultimately outweigh the benefits.

What Oedipus Did When He Married Jocasta or What Ancient Tragedy Tells Us About Agents, Their Actions, and the World

In the first part of this paper, it is shown in what a conspicuous way the story of Oedipus illustrates a central feature of human agency, namely, that any action may turn out to be of quite another nature than it was thought, or intended, to be. The story of Oedipus provides further insight on comparing ancient and modern man's outlook on agents, their actions, and the world. It emerges that we moderns are lacking an adequate conceptual scheme for an understanding of human agency that lives up to the demands of an enlightened picture of the world. This problem should be one of the central topics of a philosophical theory of action, rather than the misguided questions, e.g. about the causal nature of reasons for action that are usually treated there. Accordingly the sketch of a critique of action theory is being offered.

Toward a Psychology of Art. Collected Essays

Toward a Psychology of Art. Collected Essays

Medicine in War-Time

SOME twenty years have passed since the Medical Research Council published a Medical Supplement to the War Office Daily Review of the Foreign Press. In those twenty years the foundations of medicine have been widely extended, the methods of medicine have continued to shift from treatment towards prevention and, particularly in the last few years, the general outlook of men of science has changed from a detached aloofness towards active participation in the solution of social problems. Supposing that a medical man of 1918 had slept from then to now and woke up to read the first number of the new Bulletin of War Medicine, issued by the Medical Research Council (see p. 585 of this issue), what evidence would he find of the progress of medical knowledge and of a wider outlook?

The Views of Haeckel in the Light of Genetics

The extent to which Ernst Haeckel was hated and attacked by reactionary scientists, philosophers, litterateurs and preachers, is, as Lenin has pointed out in his “Materialism and Empirocriticism,” a measure of the success with which he originally expounded the results of natural science and drove them home to their logical conclusions in the interpretation of nature on a materialistic basis. Haeckel, in the days of his greatest mental vigor, made himself the spearhead of the scientific attack upon the then dominant forces of theology and obscurantism, showing fearlessly how revolutionary were the results of modern science, and particularly those concerned with evolution, in altering fundamentally man's outlook upon the world in which he lived and his own nature. It has become the mode among many intellectual circles in Western countries to refer slurringly both to the more technical scientific work and to the more general reasoning of Haeckel, as being crude and out of date; but this derogation has its origin in the despair of the teleologists and is not founded in the facts of modern scientific development. Certainly, so far as genetics is concerned, the most modern results are not merely in harmony with, but brilliantly confirmatory of, those main tenets of Haeckel's general interpretation of nature which involved him in the bitterest controversy. In addition they help to show the general soundness of his more technical zoological contributions. By contrast, Haeckel's deficiencies in the realm of social affairs stand out the more strongly, although his own materialism of natural science is a necessary basis for an adequate social materialism. We will not concern ourselves here, however, with Haeckel's own social theories, but only with those in the field of natural science; it was only in the latter field that he attained his real prominence.

Studies on the Structure and Development of Vertebrates

THERE is a peculiar irony in the fact that the method of investigation which in the nine-teenth century was responsible for the greatest revolution ever effected in man's outlook and appreciation of his own place in Nature should at present be despised and rejected by so manybiologists. The publication of a new treatise on morphology is a challenge to the widespreadattitude of depreciation of the value of such studies. Perhaps the question at issue can be best defined by a concrete illustration. Studies on the Structure and Development of Vertebrates. Prof. Edwin S. Goodrich. Pp. xxx + 837. (London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1930.) 36s. net.

Historical Ideals and the Great War

Previous articleNext article FreeHistorical Ideals and the Great WarLouis Martin SearsLouis Martin Sears Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 24, Number 2Sep., 1918 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/212891 Views: 104Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Future of Religion

No one who has studied the history of the last century can fail to be struck by the great changes which have taken place in human thought, affecting the whole outlook of man in his relation to the world both within and without and constituting a revolution in the intellectual life of our times. The most permanent forces in human life have been brought face to face with new facts, new conditions, and new ideas, and nowhere do we find the evidences of this change in outlook greater than in the sphere of religion, where the old problems and the old controversies are passed or passing. One of the great questions of today is, as a recent writer has said, “whether Christianity can come to terms with the awakening self-consciousness of modern civilization, equipped with a vast mass of new scientific knowledge and animated for the first time by ideals which are not borrowed from classical or Hebrew antiquity.” But Christianity itself has already been deeply influenced by some of the changes which have taken place. The great forces of history press steadily upon all the institutions of society and the form or expression of the religious life is profoundly affected by the movements of thought or changes in sentiment which take place in human society.