Outer Quadrant Of Left Breast Research Articles

Cystic lymphangioma of breast and axillary region in an adult: a rare presentation

Cystic lymphangioma also known as cystic hygroma, is a congenital malformation of lymphatic system. Most lymphangioma are present at birth and are diagnosed by the age of 2 years. They are usually located in the head and neck region and are rare in other location. We are reporting a case of cystic lymphangioma in breast and axillary region in a 23 years old female. Physical examination revealed a non-tender cystic mass in axilla and upper outer quadrant of left breast. Ultrasonography (USG) revealed a hypoechoic mass lesion and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a multi-spectated cystic mass in left axilla closely involving the left breast parenchyma. Wide local excision was done and histopathological examination further confirmed the diagnosis of cystic lymphangioma. Although it is very rare, cystic lymphangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mass in breast and axillary region.

Incidental detection of two adult gravid filarial worms in breast: a case report

BackgroundMicrofilaria is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries and is an endemic problem in India. Wuchereria bancrofti is the commonest filarial infection. In some lesions, microfilariae and adult filarial worm have been incidentally detected in fine-needle aspirates.Case presentationA 35 year old hindu female presented with lump in upper outer quadrant of left breast. Fine needle aspiration revealed two adult gravid female filarial worms.ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first ever case report to demonstrate two live gravid female and embryoid forms in wet mount preparation.

Cytomorphology of palpable breast lesions: Diagnostic utility of FNAC in a developing country.

Breast lesions including breast cancer represent a major public health issue in Sudan. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established, simple, highly accurate, minimally invasive, and cost-effective method of diagnosing most breast lesions. The aim of this study is to document the most common breast conditions diagnosed by means of FNAC over a two-year period in Atbara, a city in north Sudan. A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, laboratory-based study in which records of all palpable breast lesions diagnosed by FNAC in the years 2012 and 2013 were reviewed and analyzed. The total number of cases studied was 232; most subjects, 222 (95.7%), were females. The age range was 15-90 years (mean 38.2). Painless lump was the most common 190 (81.9%) clinical presentation. The left breast was affected more often than the right breast, 56.0% vs. 40.5%. Benign conditions were 167 (72%). Malignant neoplasms were 65 (28.0%). The most important associations with malignancy were female sex, age above 35 years, multiparity, painless lump at upper outer quadrant of left breast, lump size above 2 cm and the presence of an enlarged ipsilateral axillary lymph node at presentation. In the northern part of Sudan, the prevalence of malignant breast lesions diagnosed by FNAC is more than one fourth of all cases presenting with palpable breast lumps. FNAC is a technique that is ideal for use in resource-limited health settings.

Tubercular Breast Lesion A Great Mimicker of Carcinoma Breast

Breast tuberculosis is uncommon entity with confusing clinical, radiological and even microbiological presentation which is often misdiagnosed as breast carcinoma or breast abscess.1 A 28 year old female patient presented with a swelling in outer quadrant of left breast which resembled carcinoma of breast but on ultrasound a hypoechoic lesion was noted which turned out to be tuberculosis on histopathology.Conclusion: Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare disease typically affecting young lactating multiparous women and can present either as an abscess or as a unilateral, painless breast mass which can easily be confused with carcinoma.2, 3 Nepalese Journal of Radiology / Vol.3 / No.1 / Issue 4 / Jan-June, 2013 / 99-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v3i1.8822

Breast metastasis from carcinoma of gall bladder

Carcinoma of gall bladder has early lymphatic and haematogenous spread. Most common extra abdominal site of metastasis is the lung. Metastasis to breast from carcinoma of breast is very rare. Our case describes an interesting case of carcinoma of gall bladder metastising to breast. A 50-year-old female presented to our outpatient department with a small nodule on upper outer quadrant of left breast. Patient had a history of cholecystectomy done for symptomatic gall stones 2 years back. Histopathological examination of the gall bladder specimen showed adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder with invasion to lamina propria. No additional treatment was offered to the patient. The breast nodule was excised and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological examination revealed metastising adenocarcinoma. Patient was subjected to palliative chemotherapy (Gamcitabine and carboplatin). However, patient died of hepatic encephalopathy after 5 months. Our case reports an unusual site of metastasis from carcinoma of gall bladder which is very rare.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: A rare benign vascular tumor of breast

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia typically involves head and neck with rare involvement of other sites like breast. A 27year old female presented with a painless swelling in the upper and outer quadrant of left breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed sheets of lymphoid cells along with numerous eosinophils. Subsequent histopathological examination showed eosinophilic plump and vacuolated endothelial cells in small groups and sheets within a fibrous background, typically accompanied by lymphoid aggregates and eosinophils, suggestive of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. Vascular tumors of the breast are extremely rare. The goal of this case report is to advert to this unusual clinical picture, to review and discuss diagnostics, differential diagnoses and treatment options.

A giant ectopic hidradenoma papilliferum in a Niger delta region of Nigeria

Hidradenoma papilliferum is a known example of adnexal skin tumours with apocrine differentiation. It is a rare benign tumour which tends to arise from areas with rich concentration of aporine glands such as anogenital region, vulval, perineal, axillae, and periumbilical areas. In this report, the tumour was found in the upper outer quadrant of left breast, being one of the ectopic sites for this tumour. Contrary to most reports where male preponderance was popular for ectopic hidradenoma papilliferum, the patient in this report is a 71-year-old female. Considering the location of this tumour in this report, the likely histopathological differential diagnoses such as tubular apocrine adenoma, clear cell (apocrine) adenoma, lipoma, intraductal papilloma and papillary carcinoma of the breast should be considered for exclusion. This is the first reported case of a giant ectopic hidradenoma papilliferum of the breast in a Niger Delta region of Nigeria which also highlights the role of fine needle aspiration and cytology in the diagnosis of breast lesions.

Fibromatosis-like carcinoma-an unusual phenotype of a metaplastic breast tumor associated with a micropapilloma

BackgroundFibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma is a newly described metaplastic breast tumor, literature on which is still evolving.Case presentationA 77-year-old lady presented with a 2 × 2 cm mass with irregular margins in the upper and outer quadrant of left breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the lump was inconclusive. A lumpectomy was performed and sent for frozen section, which revealed presence of spindle cells showing mild atypia in a sclerotic stroma. The tumor cells revealed prominent infiltration into the adjacent fat. A differential diagnosis of a low-grade sarcoma vs. a metaplastic carcinoma, favoring the former, was offered. Final histology sections revealed an infiltrating tumor with predominant spindle cells in a collagenous background, simulating a fibromatosis. Adjacent to the tumor were foci of benign ductal hyperplasia and a micropapilloma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed diffuse co-expression of epithelial markers i.e. cytokeratins (CK, HMWCK, CK7) and EMA along with a mesenchymal marker i.e. vimentin in the tumor cells. Myoepithelial markers (SMA and p63) showed focal positivity. A diagnosis of a low-grade fibromatosis-like carcinoma breast associated with a micropapilloma was formed.ConclusionFibromatosis-like carcinoma is a rare form of a metaplastic breast tumor. This diagnosis requires an index of suspicion while dealing with spindle cell breast tumors. The importance of making this diagnosis to facilitate an intra operative surgical planning is marred by diagnostic difficulties. In such cases, IHC is imperative in forming an objective diagnosis.

FREQUENCY OF BREAST DISEASES AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL OF KARACHI

OBJECTIVE: To see the pattern of breast diseases at our set up. DESIGN: A descriptive study. SETTING: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi - Pakistan for a period of three years. METHODS: A total of 300 patients attending breast care clinics were evaluated. They were followed up till biopsy. All patients were females between 11-90 years of age. Majority of the patients belonged to the lower socioeconomic group. Data was collected through a specifically designed proforma. RESULTS: Most common presenting complaint was breast lump with other symptoms. Majority presented to the clinician within 6 months of development of lump. Most of the patients were married (69%) and majority (67%) was in the reproductive age while 32% were postmenopausal. Only 1% of the patients were in premenarche age. Most common site was upper and outer quadrant of left breast. Most common breast disease was carcinoma (30%) followed by inflammatory diseases (25%), fibroadenoma (24%) and fibrocystic disease (20%). Only 1% of patients had no disease. Invasive ductal carcinoma NOS was the most common histologic type (51%). CONCLUSION: Breast cancer in this study shows a higher frequency of this disease in Pakistan when compared to the world standards and to the other studies carried out in our country.