Outdoor Events Research Articles

Outdoor surveillance videos summarization model utilizing CNN-GRU

AbstractSurveillance video processing requires high efficiency, given its large datasets, demands significant resources for timely and effective analysis. This study aims to enhance surveillance systems by developing an automated method for extracting key events from outdoor surveillance videos. The proposed model comprises four phases: preprocessing and feature extraction, training and testing, and validation. Before utilizing a convolution neural networks approach to extract features from videos, the videos are pre-processed. Events classification uses gated recurrent units. In validation, motions and objects are extraction then feature extraction. Results show satisfactory performance, achieving 79% accuracy in events classification, highlighting the effectiveness of the methodology in identifying significant outdoor events.

EMD-based ultraviolet radiation prediction for sport events recommendation with environmental constraint

With the rising awareness of health and wellness, accurate ultraviolet (UV) radiation forecasts have become crucial for planning and conducting outdoor activities safely, particularly in the context of global sporting events arrangement and recommendation with definite constraint on environmental conditions. The dynamic nature of UV exposure, influenced by factors such as solar zenith angles, cloud cover, and atmospheric conditions, makes accurate UV radiation data forecasting difficult and challenging. To cope with these challenges, we present an innovative approach for predicting the UV radiation levels of a certain region during a certain time period using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), a robust method for analyzing non-linear and non-stationary data. Our model is specifically designed for urban areas, where outdoor events are common, and integrates meteorological data with historical UV radiation records from specific geographic regions and time periods. The EMD-based model offers precise predictions of UV levels, essential for event organizers and city planners to make informed decisions regarding the scheduling, relocation and recommendation of events to minimize health risks associated with UV exposure. At last, the effectiveness of this model is validated through various experiments across different spatial and temporal contexts based on the Urban-Air dataset (recording 2,891,393 Air Quality Index data that cover four major Chinese cities), demonstrating its adaptability and accuracy under diverse environmental conditions.

Cardiac electrical and functional activity following an outdoor cold-water swimming event

AimsParticipation in outdoor cold-water swimming (OCWS) events combines endurance exercise and cold exposure. Concerns have emerged about the potential risk of acute adverse cardiac events during OCWS, particularly during endurance events. We analysed the effect of prolonged OCWS on cardiac function in trained athletes. MethodsThe swimming event consisted of laps over a 1000-m course, for up to 6 h, in water at 15 °C. Twenty participants (11 males, 47.3 ± 8.6 years old) were included. Core temperature (Tcore) was monitored using an ingestible temperature sensor during and up to 1 h after the swim. Body composition, blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG), and transthoracic echocardiography were assessed 1 day before the event and within the first hour upon completion of the swim. ResultsMean body mass index was 27.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2 and fat mass was 25.2 ± 9.1 %. Mean duration of swimming was 214 ± 115 min. Minimum Tcore was 35.6 ± 1.3 °C. A significant lengthening of the QT interval corrected (QTc) for heart rate was observed post-exercise (437.7 ± 27.7 vs. 457.2 ± 35.9 ms, p = 0.012), with 5 participants exhibiting post-exercise QTc >500ms. OCWS did not alter the biventricular systolic function and left ventricular relaxation. No correlation was observed between ΔQTc and ΔTcore. ConclusionOCWS seemed to acutely delay post-exercise cardiac repolarization without alteration of cardiac function in a healthy trained population. Additional investigations would be warranted to explore the clinical implications of QT lengthening and its relationship with autonomic nervous system regulation during OCWS.

Analyzing outdoor event attendees’ pro-social attitudes and intentions to adopt social distancing practices

This study developed a theoretical framework to understand outdoor event attendees’ psychological mechanisms associated with the adoption of pro-social behavior. The theory of planned behavior, the norm activation model, personal values, perceived knowledge and threats were all merged to formulate the framework, using Chinese outdoor event attendees after the outbreak of COVID-19 as survey participants. The results showed that attitude toward social distancing behavior, subjective norms, awareness of consequences, ascribed responsibility, personal norms, self-transcendent value, knowledge of the pandemic, and perceived threat had effects on activating pro-social intentions for social distancing practices. This study also provided implications for the theoretical expansion of predicting pro-social behavior and for the practical management of social distancing practices at outdoor events in the COVID-19 era. The limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research are also presented.

Indoor Emission, Oxidation, and New Particle Formation of Personal Care Product Related Volatile Organic Compounds.

Personal care products (PCPs) contain diverse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and routine use of PCPs indoors has important implications for indoor air quality and human chemical exposures. This chamber study deployed aerosol instrumentation and two online mass spectrometers to quantify VOC emissions from the indoor use of five fragranced PCPs and examined the formation of gas-phase oxidation products and particles upon ozone-initiated oxidation of reactive VOCs. The tested PCPs include a perfume, a roll-on deodorant, a body spray, a hair spray, and a hand lotion. Indoor use of these PCPs emitted over 200 VOCs and resulted in indoor VOC mixing ratios of several parts per million. The VOC emission factors for the PCPs varied from 2 to 964 mg g-1. We identified strong emissions of terpenes and their derivatives, which are likely used as fragrant additives in the PCPs. When using the PCPs in the presence of indoor ozone, these reactive VOCs underwent oxidation reactions to form a variety of gas-phase oxidized vapors and led to rapid new particle formation (NPF) events with particle growth rates up to ten times higher than outdoor atmospheric NPF events. The resulting ultrafine particle concentrations reach ∼34000 to ∼200000 cm-3 during the NPF events.

Awareness of skin cancer screening coverage in U.S. healthcare plans: Is there a need to better educate the public?

ObjectivesTo understand whether financial barriers or the lack of accessibility to dermatology services was a significant motivation for the public to seek free skin cancer screening. MethodsAn anonymous and voluntary survey was administered to participants of The Sun Bus free skin cancer screening program in 2023 at U.S. outdoor events in Colorado, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Iowa, Wyoming, Missouri, and Montana. 491 respondents answered questions on motivation, healthcare coverage, and demographics. Survey data was analyzed using Qualtrics’ crosstab IQ and statistical tests software. ResultsSkin screening found suspicious lesions in 45 % of 1300 participants with 18 % of respondents sharing a previous history of skin cancer. Concern for a lesion or Curiosity were the two top reasons for 60 % of respondents to seek free skin screening and remained the top reasons after data was stratified by gender, age, or income. Only 15 % of respondent were motivated by the cost of dermatology services or a long wait to see a dermatologist. A total of 38 % of people surveyed reported comprehensive plans covering skin screening while 46 % were unaware of the inclusion of screening in their healthcare plan. Notably, this unawareness increased up to 52 % among younger and less affluent respondents. Additionally, females were less likely than males to be aware of skin screening options in their healthcare plans. ConclusionsThis work highlights the significance of promoting public awareness of dermatology services covered by health insurance and the need for continued efforts in skin cancer education and screening programs.

Importance of Conducting Indoor and Outdoor Events at Secondary Schools in Nepal

Many secondary schools conduct indoor and outdoor events at schools to improve the holistic development of learners. Both events not only boost academically for students but also improve their self-confidence. The purpose of the study was to find out the importance of conducting indoor and outdoor events in secondary schools and find the strengths behind organizing such events at schools. The research paradigm of this study was positivism, and this quantitative study employed the survey research design to investigate the importance of conducting these events in schools. I selected 75 students and 25 teachers from secondary schools using random sampling for this study. I distributed the questionnaire into two sections to my respondents online, that is, via messenger, to collect the primary data for the study. I used a correlation analysis for the data interpretation of the collected from this study. I divided the responses received into students’ responses and teachers’ responses. The findings of the students’ response revealed that a fixed schedule for extracurricular activities, trained and experienced coordinators, and enough materials for the events are essential to conduct indoor and outdoor events in schools. The findings of the teachers’ responses show that extracurricular activities improve the academic performance of students developing different language skills. The findings of this study have implications for school administrators, teachers, parents, students, and textbook writers.

#2311 Comparative analysis of knowledge and attitude regarding deceased donation in health care workers and the general population

Abstract Background and Aims Kidney transplantation is widely regarded as the best treatment option for end stage kidney disease. Despite being introduced over 40 years ago, the rate of kidney transplantation in Bangladesh is still very low at an average yearly rate of below 200 transplants over the last 5 years. Lack of donors and financial constraints have emerged as the biggest obstacles. Until recently, live related transplantation was the only option. There have been only 2 deceased transplantations last year, both from the same donor. In order to understand these low rates, we aim to understand the prevailing knowledge and attitude towards transplantation in the community and among the health care workers (HCWs) and how much they differ. Method This cross-sectional study has been ongoing since May 2022. It is a self-administered survey using a paper-based questionnaire, developed by the Asian Society of Transplant, asking about the respondent's knowledge and attitude regarding deceased organ donation in Bangladesh. The survey was administered in both HCWs and non-HCWs using a pre-tested questionnaire. The HCWs were recruited from 9 hospitals across Bangladesh and the non-HCWs were recruited from Universities, attendants accompanying patients in hospital waiting areas and a few offices. Convenient sampling technique was used. Data was analyzed by statistical analysis software (SAS) studio. Results Data was collected from 1351 respondents, 874 (65.6%) were HCWs and 458 (34.4%) were non-HCWs. Among the HCWs, 131 (15%) were doctors, 745 (85.2%) were nurses and 130 (14.9%) were final year medical students. Among the non-HCWs, business (10.3%), acting (8.9%) and teaching (4.4%) were the predominant professions. The mean age of the respondents was 36.4 (±14.1) years, 65.5% were female. The HCWs were significantly younger and had more females, mostly owing to the large sample of nurses. Twenty percent of the non-HCWs never heard about deceased donation compared to 3.4% HCWs (p < 0.0001). 79.5% of the HCWs said they knew very little or not at all about deceased donation. The self-assessment was about similar in the non-HCWs. Only 11.6% HCWs said they received education about organ donation, compared to 20.5% of the non-HCWs (p = 0.0004). Regarding deceased donation, 36% HCWs had a positive attitude, 58.7% were neutral and 5.3% were negative. Among the non-HCWs, 30.5% were positive, 35.5% were neutral and 34% were negative (p < 0.0001). Regarding willingness, 11.1% HCWs were very willing to donate themselves, 61.3% were contemplating and 27.6% were unwilling. Among the non-HCWs, 11.2% were willing to donate, 48.8% were contemplating and 40% were unwilling. When asked to list all reasons for not willing to donate, lack of information was most common (64.8% HCWs, 49.6% non-HCWs), followed by fear of donation (12.5% HCWs, 25.9% non-HCWs) and religious beliefs (6.8% HCWs, 15.6% non-HCWs) (p < 0.0001). When asked about the most reliable sources of information in order to promote deceased donation, the opinion varied widely. The most popular ones were online contents (63.9% HCWs, 12.4% non-HCWs), outdoor events (36.2% HCWs, 21.2% non-HCWs) and TV advertises (30% HCWs, 6.1% non-HCWs) (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The overall knowledge regarding deceased donation was poor. Most people had a neutral attitude towards donation and were contemplating donation themselves. The HCWs were more willing to donate. Lack of information was the leading reason behind unwillingness. Online promotions were considered the best modality for future promotion.

The ritual offering of meat (“kourbani”) at the festival as a form of Thracian popular worship in Greek traditional culture: Outdoor events of the prefecture of Xanthi (2010–2013)

The ritual offering of meat (“kourbani”) at the festival as a form of Thracian popular worship in Greek traditional culture: Outdoor events of the prefecture of Xanthi (2010–2013)

Outside Interior

This paper proposes an idea of the traversed boundaries of inside and outside, by examining various mechanisms of how the inside and the outside could traverse each other within the context of everyday life in an urban neighbourhood in Jakarta, Indonesia. It argues on the (in)significance of interior entities in defining the interiority of an urban context, especially in an urban setting where the cultural and climatic context encourages more outdoor events and activities. An inquiry into everyday life in an urban neighbourhood was performed in order to reveal various possibilities for mechanisms in which the inside and outside could be extended and exchanged. The making of interior is not merely defined by the presence of interior entities contained within the physical boundaries. Various mechanisms of traversing the inside and outside could further define the nature of the urban interior of everyday life, where the interior could become independent from its physical boundaries. These mechanisms suggest the possibility of alternative types of urban interior that might emerge due to the occupation of space (whether inside or outside) by the events that take place alongside the everyday habitual routines. The emergence of outside interior is made possible by the porosity of the boundaries, which allow for the exchange of atmospheric condition, the exchange of programs and actions, and the movement of objects across the boundaries of inside and outside.

Investigating the Congestion Levels on a Mesoscopic Scale During Outdoor Events

In event management, preventing excessive overcrowding is not only essential for providing comfort but also crucial for ensuring safety. However, understanding the crowd dynamics of participants in outdoor events can be challenging. One of the primary reasons is the limited availability of sensing systems suitable for outdoor use. Challenges include the need for power outlets and adapting to dynamic environmental conditions and unclear event boundaries. Consequently, there is still uncertainty about which measurements can be conducted to scientifically manage crowding based on sound principles. Therefore, there is a need for systems that are capable of discerning spatial and temporal heterogeneity in density and accurately estimating the number of people in regions of interest in both sparse and congested areas. In this study, we propose a novel approach for measuring and understanding crowd states at outdoor events. We designed a highly portable measurement system utilizing Bluetooth technology to monitor crowd density in real time, ensuring uninterrupted data collection even in remote event locations. This system stands out for its ability to operate effectively under diverse weather and lighting conditions without power outlets, making it highly adaptable to various outdoor settings. In our experiments, conducted at four distinct outdoor event locations, we used a 360° camera and LiDARs to validate the system. For instance, we deployed the system at 40-m intervals in a shopping district during a high-density parade. This deployment enabled us to capture the movement of the crowd and estimate the total number of people within the district. A key finding was the system’s capability to detect temporal and spatial congestion in both sparse and crowded areas. The system’s potential to estimate crowd sizes and manage diverse outdoor events marks an advancement over traditional methods like cameras and LiDARs.

Drawing and installation on the British Peak District: Self, environment and a mobile working kit

This text reports about my practice-based doctoral research project exploring the question ‘How can the relationships between self and the outdoor environment of Bakestonedale Moor manifest in a creative arts practice from drawing and installation?’. I have developed a drawing and installation practice as the bearer and expression of my relationship with the outdoor places of the British Peak District in the vicinity of Pott Shrigley. This led to the development of the ‘mobile working kit’, a collection of modules fashioned from paper, string, wood and fabric, which I use to make drawings and mark the land with sculptural additions. My outdoor art-making events may only last a few hours but I later exhibit its artefacts as indoor art displays complemented by photographs and videos from the outdoor sites. I provide descriptions of two drawing activities outdoors, first, using a three-dimensional fence-like paper sculpture as a drawing surface and, second, drawing on a ground-based paper platform. These examples of art-making are then contextualized in reference to Barad’s concept of intra-activity where material changes in the world are understood to occur in co-constitutional negotiation of all active components. I use this concept and Barad’s understanding of performativity to describe process in art-making and in geological, meteorological and biological changes outdoors. I then relate these positions to current performance drawing in reference to the role of the artist and how the arts practice determines her connection to the outdoor environment.

A self-controlled case series study to measure the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with attendance at sporting and cultural events: the UK Events Research Programme events

BackgroundIn 2021, whilst societies were emerging from major social restrictions during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the UK government instigated an Events Research Programme to examine the risk of COVID-19 transmission from attendance at cultural events and explore ways to enable people to attend a range of events whilst minimising risk of transmission. We aimed to measure any impact on risk of COVID-19 transmission from attendance at events held at or close to commercially viable capacity using routinely collected data.MethodsData were obtained on attendees at Phase 3 Events Research Programme events, for which some infection risk mitigation measures were in place (i.e. evidence of vaccination or a negative lateral flow test). Attendance data were linked with COVID-19 test result data from the UK Test and Trace system. Using a self-controlled case series design, we measured the within person incidence rate ratio for testing positive for COVID-19, comparing the rate in days 3 to 9 following event attendance (high risk period) with days 1 and 2 and 10–16 (baseline period). Rate ratios were adjusted for estimates of underlying regional COVID-19 prevalence to account for population level fluctuations in infection risk, and events were grouped into broadly similar types.ResultsFrom attendance data available for 188,851 attendees, 3357 people tested positive for COVID-19 during the observation period. After accounting for total testing trends over the period, incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for positive tests were 1.16 (0.53–2.57) for indoor seated events, 1.12 (0.95–1.30) for mainly outdoor seated events, 0.65 (0.51–0.83) for mainly outdoor partially seated events, and 1.70 (1.52–1.89) for mainly outdoor unseated multi-day events.ConclusionsFor the majority of event types studied in the third phase of the UK Events Research Programme, we found no evidence of an increased risk of COVID-19 transmission associated with event attendance. However, we found a 70% increased risk of infection associated with attendance at mainly outdoor unseated multi-day events. We have also demonstrated a novel use for self-controlled case series methodology in monitoring infection risk associated with event attendance.

Lossless Encoding of Time-Aggregated Neuromorphic Vision Sensor Data Based on Point-Cloud Compression.

Neuromorphic Vision Sensors (NVSs) are emerging sensors that acquire visual information asynchronously when changes occur in the scene. Their advantages versus synchronous capturing (frame-based video) include a low power consumption, a high dynamic range, an extremely high temporal resolution, and lower data rates. Although the acquisition strategy already results in much lower data rates than conventional video, NVS data can be further compressed. For this purpose, we recently proposed Time Aggregation-based Lossless Video Encoding for Neuromorphic Vision Sensor Data (TALVEN), consisting in the time aggregation of NVS events in the form of pixel-based event histograms, arrangement of the data in a specific format, and lossless compression inspired by video encoding. In this paper, we still leverage time aggregation but, rather than performing encoding inspired by frame-based video coding, we encode an appropriate representation of the time-aggregated data via point-cloud compression (similar to another one of our previous works, where time aggregation was not used). The proposed strategy, Time-Aggregated Lossless Encoding of Events based on Point-Cloud Compression (TALEN-PCC), outperforms the originally proposed TALVEN encoding strategy for the content in the considered dataset. The gain in terms of the compression ratio is the highest for low-event rate and low-complexity scenes, whereas the improvement is minimal for high-complexity and high-event rate scenes. According to experiments on outdoor and indoor spike event data, TALEN-PCC achieves higher compression gains for time aggregation intervals of more than 5 ms. However, the compression gains are lower when compared to state-of-the-art approaches for time aggregation intervals of less than 5 ms.

Popularyzacja wiedzy o historii Mazowsza w działalności Muzeum Mazowieckiego w Płocku

This article elaborates the ways of popularising knowledge about the past of Mazovia by Museum in Płock since its establishment, as part of the Płock Scientific Society, in 1821. It had a strictly regional character. The collection consisted, on the one hand, of school teaching aids (minerals, physical and chemical equipment, globes, etc.), and on the other hand, of various exhibits donated by teachers, students, landowners, military personnel and priests, including numerous archaeological artefacts, coins, medals, natural history specimens, documents, etc. During scientific meetings, the latest archaeological and numismatic troves were reported, field inspections were organised, historical monuments were collected and placed in the museum. The institution was closed down shortly after the fall of the November Uprising. It was reactivated at the beginning of the 20th century. In December 1912, a permanent exhibition depicting the geological and historical past and the ethnography of Płock Mazovia was opened in the Gothic canonry at 8 Kanoniczny Square. In 1930, the premises were enlarged by the purchase of the House under Providence at 2 Kanoniczny Square, where the expositions of nature, geology, ethnography and archaeology were arranged. Until 1949, the facility, called the Mazovian Museum in Płock, was a part of the Płock Scientific Society. Afterwards, a new stage in its history began – a stage of independent development. The construction of a petrochemical plant in Płock in the 1960s contributed to the significant development of the facility. It obtained new premises in the renovated Castle of the Mazovian Dukes in Płock (Benedictine Abbey) on Tumskie Hill, which resulted in an increase in exhibition space and the number of specialised employees. In 1993, the Museum obtained the building of a historic granary on the Vistula embankment, where the collections of the Ethnography Department were located. In November 2004, the collections were moved from the Castle of the Mazovian Dukes to an art nouveau tenement house at 8 Tumska Street and a permanent Art Nouveau exhibition was arranged there. In the following years, the museum developed dynamically, in terms of its premises, its programme of activities, including the popularisation of historical knowledge. New museum pavilions and new permanent exhibitions were created. At present, the popularisation activity of the Mazovian Museum in Płock comprises a wide range of activities carried out by the Dissemination and Promotion Department and individual substantive departments. These include museum lessons, historical lectures, scientific sessions, workshops for children and people with disabilities, outdoor events, promotions of publications, concerts, competitions, educational films, periodicals (“Rocznik Muzeum Mazowieckiego w Płocku”, “Nasze Korzenie”, “Biuletyn Muzealny”), paratheatrical performances and many others. Key words: cultural heritage of Mazovia, regionalism, popularisation of historical knowledge, Mazovian Museum in Płock, Płock Scientific Society

The chemical assessment of surfaces and air (CASA) study: using chemical and physical perturbations in a test house to investigate indoor processes.

The Chemical Assessment of Surfaces and Air (CASA) study aimed to understand how chemicals transform in the indoor environment using perturbations (e.g., cooking, cleaning) or additions of indoor and outdoor pollutants in a well-controlled test house. Chemical additions ranged from individual compounds (e.g., gaseous ammonia or ozone) to more complex mixtures (e.g., a wildfire smoke proxy and a commercial pesticide). Physical perturbations included varying temperature, ventilation rates, and relative humidity. The objectives for CASA included understanding (i) how outdoor air pollution impacts indoor air chemistry, (ii) how wildfire smoke transports and transforms indoors, (iii) how gases and particles interact with building surfaces, and (iv) how indoor environmental conditions impact indoor chemistry. Further, the combined measurements under unperturbed and experimental conditions enable investigation of mitigation strategies following outdoor and indoor air pollution events. A comprehensive suite of instruments measured different chemical components in the gas, particle, and surface phases throughout the study. We provide an overview of the test house, instrumentation, experimental design, and initial observations - including the role of humidity in controlling the air concentrations of many semi-volatile organic compounds, the potential for ozone to generate indoor nitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), the differences in microbial composition between the test house and other occupied buildings, and the complexity of deposited particles and gases on different indoor surfaces.

A systematic review on oral rehydration beverages for treating exerciseassociated dehydrationPart II. The effectiveness of alternatives to carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks.

Dehydration associated with exertion is a commonly encountered condition in the first aid setting, particularly at outdoor sporting events. Part I of this back-to-back review demonstrated that commercial sports drinks can be suggested for effective restoration of fluid balance in dehydrated persons. This systematic review was undertaken to compare alternative liquids, such as milk, beer, and coconut water, with water for effective oral rehydration after prolonged exercise. Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase were searched for relevant literature in June 2022. Controlled experimental and observational studies involving adults and children were included when dehydration was induced by physical exercise and oral rehydration fluids were administered and compared with regular water. No additional food intake accompanied the rehydration drinks or water. Articles in all languages were included if an English abstract was available. The study design, study population, intervention, outcome measures, and study limitations were extracted from each included article. Out of 3485 records, 11 studies were included comparing skim or low-fat milk, coconut water, and beer (0-5% alcohol) with water. Four studies showed that drinking skim or low-fat milk, without additional food intake, led to a statistically significant improved volume/hydration status when compared with drinking water. In three trials, no significant differences were shown at multiple timepoints for outcomes related to volume and hydration status following rehydration with fresh coconut water compared with water. Lastly, there is insufficient evidence to recommend beer for rehydration (0-5% alcohol). Consuming skim or low-fat cow's milk without additional food as compared with water appears to improve volume/hydration status in persons with exercise-induced dehydration. However, evidence is of very low certainty and should be interpreted with caution.

The Coaching Principles Self - Study: Outdoor Sports Events Coach Experiences

This qualitative descriptive study deals with the coaching principles of outdoor sports events as the coaches’ experience. The study was conducted at the Physical Education and Health Sciences of Chongqing Normal University in China. The researcher utilized 10 coaches of outdoor sports including volleyball, tennis, track and field, and football coaches who were chosen using the purposive sampling. The study therefore recommends that: 1) Coaches should prioritize their own development by staying updated with the latest coaching techniques, sports science, and research. 2) Adopting a student-centered approach involves understanding the unique needs and abilities of each individual on the team. 3) Coaches should develop well-structured training plans and set clear, achievable goals for both the team and individual athletes. 4) Coaches should foster a positive and supportive environment where athletes feel encouraged to learn and grow. 5) Coaches must conduct risk assessments and develop risk management plans to ensure the safety and well-being of their team. 6) Building strong team unity and positive relationships among team members can lead to improved cooperation and performance. 7) Recognizing that athletes have different learning styles and needs, coaches should tailor their teaching methods to accommodate individual differences.

Splatanie kontekstów – nauka i masowy festiwal uliczny. Doświadczenia z projektu „Prezentacja nauki to sztuka”

Our intention is to describe and analyse the experience gathered during the work on the project 'Presenting science is art. Popularising the results of social research at the Night of Culture festival in Lublin'. One of its aims was to provide practical knowledge about the challenges that accompany the popularisation of science, especially the outcomes of social research. The text deals with two aspects: the experience coming from popularisation activities at a mass, outdoor event such as Night of Culture in Lublin, and the experience of working on the project with the invited experts. As it turned out, the project brought about many unforeseen situations and twists and turns, which revealed the flaws in our ideas concerning the popularisation of scientific knowledge. The article begins with an outline of the project – the underlying assumptions, target groups and outcomes. We then describe the difficulties we faced as a project team. We were aware of some of them from the beginning, others emerged during the work, and some only came to full light during the Night of Culture. In the last part of the article, we attempt at answering two fundamental questions – what was successful in the project and what should have been done differently?

Environmental Initiatives to Improve Well-being for Impoverished Americans

Impoverished communities in America continue to be left behind despite the nation's industrialization and improving quality of life. In 2021, the United States Census Bureau reported that 11.6% of Americans still lived in poverty (Creamer et al., 2022). Living at an economic disadvantage, individuals in poverty often cannot afford basic necessities and meet satisfactory living standards. Among these challenges is environmental inequality in which impoverished Americans can lack access to vegetated areas or well-maintained environments (Sicotte, 2013 & Erickson, 2016). The ramifications of this challenge contribute to heightened susceptibility to both mental and physical health complications, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, and heat-related fatalities (Ridley 2020 & EPA, n.d.). To combat the health crisis, this review aims to explore how environmental initiatives – such as green spaces, outdoor community events, and environmental justice – are able to improve the well-being of impoverished communities. I analyze current literature and find that increased interactions with natural environments boost well-being. Additionally, I evaluate active environmental initiatives in America and relate their potential to serving low-income communities. From analysis, it is evident that fostering a deeper connection with the natural environment holds promise for enhancing the holistic wellness of impoverished communities. Future endeavors in public and non-profit sectors should focus on achieving the successful incorporation of environmental initiatives in low-income neighborhoods.