Service-learning Outcomes Research Articles

The Development of the Service-Learning Outcomes Measurement Scale—Short Version (S-LOMS-SV) and Its Preliminary Validation

This article describes the development and validation of a short version of the Service-Learning Outcomes Measurement Scale, the S-LOMS-SV. The original Service-Learning Outcomes Measurement Scale (S-LOMS) is a previously validated 56-item instrument measuring developmental outcomes in 11 domains under four overarching categories, especially appropriate for use in Hong Kong and related contexts. In developing SLOMS-SV, 14 experienced service-learning researchers and practitioners reviewed the full-length S-LOMS for content validity and identified items with potential for inclusion in a shortened version. Through an iterative process, 21 items maintaining the original scale’s factor structure were selected for the S-LOMS-SV. Validity and internal consistency analyses using preexisting student data sets demonstrated that the S-LOMS-SV has robust psychometric properties that match those of the full-length S-LOMS. Theoretical and practical implications and next steps are discussed. The 21-item S-LOMS-SV is included in the Appendix.

Experiential Learning: The Effects of a Digital Learning Companion Project on Tutors’ Service-Learning Outcomes

Abstract: Community-oriented education has witnessed an increasing interest in online service-learning opportunities. Digital Learning Companion is an online service-learning project supported by Taiwan’s Ministry of Education to give students experiential learning opportunities and practice social responsibility. As part of the initiative, 189 local and international students served as tutors for remote children. A mixed-methods design, including pre- and post-questionnaires and sharing videos, was employed to evaluate its effects on service-learning outcomes. The results revealed that all tutors improved personal competence, interpersonal relationships, and charitable responsibility. However, no significant difference was found in social justice responsibility. Furthermore, significant differences between the international and local tutors were noted in outcomes regarding personal competence, interpersonal relationships, and charitable responsibility, with the mean scores of the international group higher than those of the local one. Conversely, no significant difference was found in social justice responsibility with respect to nationality. The findings highlight the benefits to tutors with respect to personal and interpersonal development and support the implementation of similar service-learning projects.

A Bibliometric Review of Service Learning Research, 1950–2022

Background: Service learning has been studied and applied in diverse educational settings for the past seven decades. While several research reviews have explored service learning from varied perspectives, none have employed bibliometric methods to investigate its evolution as a “knowledge base.” Purpose: This review documents the evolving landscape and analyzes the intellectual structure of research on service learning. Methodology/Approach: The review analyzed 5,815 Scopus-indexed documents on service learning using descriptive statistics and science mapping. Findings: The review found that service learning constitutes a mature, rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field, with over 75% of the documents published since 2010. Despite its global scope, the literature remains concentrated in Western, economically developed nations. The intellectual structure of the literature encompasses four interconnected schools of thought: Service Learning Designs and Effects, Theory and Research, Implementation, and Engineering Education. Implications: The review highlights the importance of cross-pollination of theoretical perspectives and empirical findings in service learning research and practice. Subsequent research should prioritize the exploration of service learning in developing countries, the evaluation of diverse theoretical perspectives in studies of service learning designs and effects, and the use of mixed research methods in exploration of cultural, social, and political influences on service learning outcomes.

Exploring the service learning program in the transition country context from the students' philanthropic behaviour vantage point: Case of Croatia

AbstractService learning is gaining growing attention in the academic community worldwide largely due to the benefits related to distinctive service learning outcomes. Among the many valuable student‐level outcomes, intention for future civic engagement through philanthropic behaviour is one of the most commonly investigated. This study provides an in‐depth analysis of students' participation in service‐learning programs and their future philanthropic behaviour in the form of volunteerism. A qualitative content analysis is conducted on the sample of students participating in an university's institutionalized service learning program of a transition country to explore its outcomes in this distinctive context. The findings identify four essential elements in assessing service learning participation, including three previously recognized ones and one emerging from the distinctive transition economy context. The findings are of particular importance for shaping the future civic engagement of students through philanthropic activities.

Developing and Validating a Qualitative Tool for Playtesting Service Learning-Based Accessible Games: A Comprehensive Approach

INTRODUCTION: The complex accessibility needs of some players and, in particular, of people with Intellectual Disability (pwID) require greater attention from research due to the lack of tools to support playtesting, particularly those of a qualitative nature and suited to their diversity of experiences and motor and cognitive characteristics. OBJECTIVES: Recognizing the scarcity of research in media production, particularly games, the study pursues three objectives: firstly, to describe the accessible games developed through a multi-year service learning project involving students from the Videogames Bachelor’s Degree and pwID; secondly, to approach the validation of the Gaming Observation Grid (GOG), a qualitative tool for playtesting sessions; and thirdly, to reflect on service learning as a strategy for bridging the gap between academia and civil society in the context of game design. METHODS: The research employed a qualitative media ethnography-based approach involving students from the Videogames Bachelor's Degree. Over a span of three years and six consecutive semesters, 59 students actively participated in a service learning project, engaging with pwID and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the field. All playtesting activities’ observations were based on GOG, with a total of 273 observed gaming sessions. RESULTS: The development of 18 videogames, spanning diverse genres and themes, prioritized accessibility based on adjustment settings. GOG emerged as a tailored and feasible instrument, valuable in the broader landscape of inclusive game development. In terms of service-learning outcomes, results highlight students' reflections on the real-world impact of game design and development, underscoring the pedagogical value of service learning in bridging theoretical knowledge and practical application. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the critical need for enhanced research attention to the complex accessibility requirements of players, particularly pw ID, while emphasizing the relevance of qualitative playtesting tools tailored to their diverse experiences and cognitive-motor characteristics, as well as the inherent value of the experience for the students involved.

Efektivitas Pembelajaran Service Pendek Bulu Tangkis Menggunakan Media Audio Visual Kelas IV pada Masa Pandemi Covid SD Negeri 20 Pangkalpinang

The research was motivated due to the COVID-19 outbreak that hit the world at the end of 2019 - the end of 2021. One of them was at SD Negeri 20 Pangkapinang on the PJOK learning at class IV, where the learning process was still done online. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of learning short service badminton using audio-visual class IV in PJOK subjects. This research was descriptive quantitative research. The sampling technique used the saturated sampling technique. The sample of this study was all fourth graders of SD Negeri 20 Pangkalpinang, which consisted of 42 students and the method of collecting data was through documentation. The value of the badminton short service-learning outcomes using audio-visual during the pandemic class IV overall analysis showed an average value of 79.48. Based on the descriptive hypothesis test results, the value of the t-count was 2.404, and the t-table was 1.684 with a significance of 0.05 one-sided test. So Ha was accepted, and Ho was rejected by 2.404 > 1.684 following the criteria if t-count> t-table. It could be concluded that the learning outcomes of badminton short service students > 75 learning were declared effective.

CARE-full Online Service-Learning in the Digital Age: Overcoming TIP and FEAR to Maximize Community Partner Outcomes in the Philippines

AbstractThis study investigates the outcomes of online Service-Learning (SL) in Philippine partner communities, addressing a literature gap on predominantly face-to-face (f2f) SL. Applying the Conceptual Framework of Community Impacts Arising from Service-Learning, it employs a mixed-method convergent design to assess the benefits, drawbacks, and influential factors of online SL’s effectiveness (CARE, TIP, and FEAR). Data, sourced from 101 survey participants across 46 Community Partner Organizations (CPOs) in affiliation with Ateneo de Manila University, is complemented by the insights derived from 22 comprehensive interviews with key community contact persons. Findings reveal that online SL bolsters CPOs’ missions, enhance resources, facilitates knowledge transfer, and yields positive outcomes. However, barriers such as Time management challenges, Infrastructure and technical hurdles, and Participation obstacles (TIP), along with its consequent drawbacks such as difficulty in providing timely and effective Feedback, disparity in varying levels of Effort displayed by students, erosion of Authentic relationships in prolonged virtual engagements, and Repetitiveness and nonfulfillment concerns (FEAR) were identified as challenges. Despite these, Collaborative coordination, Active communication, Responsiveness to CPO’s needs, and Engaging online environment (CARE) were recognized as key enablers. This research highlights the significance of examining the outcomes of online SL from the perspective of community partners, informing best practices for implementation, and cultivating effective online SL collaborations that can be adapted across various countries with similar contexts.

Experimental Study of Command and Reciprocal Teaching Styles on Improving Upper Service Learning Outcomes in Volleyball Games for Physical Education, Health and Recreation Students, Cenderawasih University

This study was conducted to determine the effect of reciprocal teaching style and command teaching style on upper serve ability in volleyball. The method used is an experimental method using the Pretest Posttest Control Group Design; in this design, a sample is obtained based on the size of the population, then an initial test or pre-test is held. The population in this study was students of the Teaching and Education Faculty of Penjaskesrek, Cenderawasih University. Based on the results of the calculations, it is stated that the command teaching method is more influential than the reciprocal teaching method on the upper serve ability in volleyball. This is based on the value of tcount = 7.42 > ttable = 2.101, with a level of α = 0.05. As a recommendation for coaches and coaches, in improving the ability to serve in volleyball games, they can apply the command teaching method.

Using attention-based neural networks for predicting student learning outcomes in service-learning

As a high-impact educational practice, service-learning has demonstrated success in positively influencing students’ overall development, and much work has been done on investigating student learning outcomes from service-learning. A particular direction is to model students’ learning outcomes in the context of their learning experience, i.e., the various student, course, and pedagogical elements. It contributes to a better understanding of the learning process, a more accurate prediction of students’ attainments on the learning outcomes, and improvements in the design of learning activities to maximize student learning. However, most of the existing work in this area relies on statistical analysis that makes assumptions about attribute independence or simple linear dependence, which may not accurately reflect real-life scenarios. In contrast, the study described in this paper adopted a neural network-based approach to investigate the impact of students’ learning experience on different service-learning outcomes. A neural network with attention mechanisms was constructed to predict students’ service-learning outcomes by modeling the contextual information from their various learning experiences. In-depth evaluation experiments on a large-scale dataset collected from more than 10,000 students showed that this proposed model achieved better accuracy on predicting service-learning outcomes. More importantly, it could capture the interdependence between different aspects of student learning experience and the learning outcomes. We believe that this framework can be extended to student modeling for other types of learning activities.

Examining Undergraduates’ Perspectives on Course-based Outcomes of Service-Learning from Vocational Education Context

Service-learning is an emerging teaching and learning approach. It promises numerous academic outcomes for students, teachers, and communities. However, findings of previous studies are mixed and inconclusive about the service-learning outcomes in terms of gender, ethnicity and type of courses. The existing studies have mostly been conducted in general education field. There is insufficient evidence about its outcomes for students of vocational education. Hence, further investigation is warranted to assess its contributions for students of vocational education. This study investigated the impact of service-learning on course-based outcomes of students in vocational education. Using a survey approach, data were collected from 100 students who happened to attend a service-learning course in vocational training institutes of Punjab, Pakistan. Factor analysis was computed for instrument validation. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were calculated under inferential statistics to analyze the collected data. The results showed a mixed effect of service-learning on course outcomes of students in terms of gender. The students showed better improvement in mastery of course work content but did not demonstrate significant work related to team skills enhancement. Future research is recommended to validate the results of this study in other contexts for further understanding the contributions of service-learning regarding course-based outcomes.

The Transformative Potential of Service-Learning in an African Religious Context

Critical reflection is essential for achieving desired service-learning outcomes, including “transformative learning,” as developed by Mezirow (2000). However, critiques of Mezirow’s theory, particularly its focus on the individual learner and prizing of autonomy, raise questions about the relevance of a transformative learning framework for service-learning in diverse global contexts. This article describes a case study of an online service-learning program that resulted in transformative learning for students in East Africa. We offer a method of practical theological reflection that promotes individual and communal reflective praxis. This method contributed to students’ transformative learning outcomes as realized in collective action for sustainable development. Rooted in Christian religious education scholarship, the method is adaptable to service-learning curricula informed by other or non-religious traditions and in non-Western communities. We invite educators to adapt this method to other sociocultural contexts and encourage further research to track longitudinal outcomes of collective action inspired by service-learning.

Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Servis Atas Permainan Bolavoli Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Example Non-Example pada Siswa Kelas V Sdit Nurul Islam Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023

The purpose of this study was to improve the learning outcomes of serving in volleyball in class V students at SDIT Nurul Islam for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). This research was conducted in two cycles and consisted of four stages in each cycle, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects in this Classroom Action Research were class V students at SDIT Nurul Islam for the 2022/2023 Academic Year, with a total of 16 students consisting of 11 male students and 5 female students. Sources of data in this study came from students, researchers and teachers who acted as collaborators. Data collection techniques using tests and observations. Data validity uses data triangulation techniques. This classroom action research is a percentage to see trends that occur in learning activities. The results of the analysis show that using the example non-example learning model can improve learning outcomes for serving volleyball from pre-cycle to cycle I and cycle I to cycle II. From the results of the analysis obtained an increase in service learning outcomes for volleyball games shown by students in cycle I cognitive aspects showed an increase of 27.08% where there were 9 students or 77.08% included in the complete category while for psychomotor aspects showed an increase of 18, 75% where there are 10 students or 62.50% fall into the complete category. In cycle II the improvement of student learning outcomes is better. Cognitive aspects increased by 4.17% from the first cycle and 31.25% from the pre-cycle, while the psychomotor aspects increased by 25.00% from the first cycle and 43.75% from the pre-cycle. In the second cycle of the cognitive aspect there were 13 students or 81.25% in the complete category, 3 students or 18.75% of students in the incomplete category and for the psychomotor aspect there were 14 students or 87.50% in the complete category, 2 students or 12.50% of students are in the incomplete category. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that: the application of the example non-example learning model can improve the service learning outcomes for volleyball games in class V SDIT Nurul Islam Academic Year 2022/2023. Keywords: service, volleyball, Classroom Action Research

Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Servis atas Permainan Bolavoli Menggunakan Media Pembelajaran Alat Bantu pada Siswa Kelas X Smk Taruna Bakti Kertosono Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023

The purpose of this research is to improve the learning outcomes of serve on volleyball in class X students of SMK Taruna Bakti Kertosono Academic Year 2022/2023. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR). This research was conducted in two cycles and consisted of four stages in each cycle, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects in this Classroom Action Research were class X students of SMK Taruna Bakti Kertosono Academic Year 2022/2023 with a total of 28 students consisting of 19 male students and 9 female students. Sources of data in this study came from students, researchers and teachers who acted as collaborators. Data collection techniques using tests and observations. Data validity uses data triangulation techniques. This classroom action research is a percentage to see trends that occur in learning activities. the results of the analysis obtained a gradual increase from pre-cycle to cycle I and from cycle I to cycle II. This can be seen from the results of service learning for volleyball games for pre-cyclical students, it shows that out of 28 students cognitively, 8 students or 28.57% have completed, while 20 students or 71.42% have not completed and from the psychomotor aspect there are 7 students. or 25.00% complete. Then the results of learning to serve for volleyball games shown by students in the first cycle of the cognitive aspect showed an increase of 28.57% where there were 16 students or 57.14% included in the complete category while for the psychomotor aspects showed an increase of 35.71% where there were 17 students or 60.71% fall into the complete category. In cycle II the improvement of student learning outcomes is better. Cognitive aspects increased by 21.43% from the first cycle and 50.00% from the pre-cycle, while the psychomotor aspects increased by 25.00% from the first cycle and 60.71% from the pre-cycle. In cycle II the cognitive aspect had 22 students or 78.57% in the complete category, 6 students or 21.42% of students were in the incomplete category and for the psychomotor aspect there were 24 students or 85.71% in the complete category, 4 students or 14.28% of students are in the incomplete category. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the application of learning models using assistive devices can improve service learning outcomes for volleyball games in class X students of SMK Taruna Bakti Kertosono Academic Year 2022/2023. Keywords: top serve, volleyball, Classroom Action Research

Efforts In Improving Serve Learning Outcomes Using Exercises Variation On Volleyball Games At SD 228 Of North Bengkulu Regency

This research is motivated by several problems in physical learning at SDN 228 North Bengkulu. One of the problems is that students are reluctant to take part in sports exercises organized by the teacher because they find these exercises tiring. This study aims to determine the extent to which serve learning outcomes increased using a variety of training methods in volleyball games in Class V SD Negeri 228, of North Bengkulu Regency. This type of research is classroom action research which consists of 2 cycles with steps; planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 20 fifth grade students at SDN 228 of North Bengkulu Regency. The research instrument used was the over serve test and the under serve test. The results of the study proved that the exercise variation method was able to improve service learning outcomes in volleyball games at SD Negeri 228 of North Bengkulu Regency with an increase in the average score in cycle I, which was 65 and increased to 75 in cycle II. In addition, the results of the observation sheet also show that the quality of learning volleyball using a variety of exercises in cycle 2 is better than the previous cycle. This can be seen from the results of the observation sheet which has reached a very high category with a percentage of 100%. Mastery of the material and the use of learning resources and learning media has been very effective carried out by researchers. Thus, it can be concluded that the training variation method is very effective in improving service learning outcomes in volleyball games at SDN 228 of North Bengkulu.

Analysis of Volleyball Service Learning Outcomes Through Inclusive Teaching Style

This study aims to determine the improvement of volleyball bottom service learning outcomes for students of class XI MIPA II SMA Yayasan Pendidikan Mulia in the 2022/2023 academic year, through the application of inclusive teaching styles. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research. The research was carried out in one cycle, which consisted of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. To obtain data in this study, a learning outcome test was conducted at the end of the cycle in the form of an application for the lower service technique assessment. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptively based on qualitative analysis with percentages. The results of the study conclude: (1) from the first cycle of learning outcomes tests obtained as many as 22 students with scores after being converted (88%) have reached the level of mastery learning , while 3 students (12%) have not reached the level of complete learning. With the average value of overall learning outcomes is 75.92. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be said that the application of inclusive teaching styles can improve the process of lower service learning outcomes for students of Class XI MIPA II SMA Yayasan Pendidikan Mulia in the Academic Year 2022/2023.

Design and Assessment of Service-Learning and Community Site Visits in an Undergraduate Introductory Rehabilitation and Human Services Course

Purpose:This mixed-methods study assesses an innovative course design model that integrates community site visits and service-learning at the introductory level for Undergraduate Rehabilitation Education (URE) students (n= 44).Method:The authors used a survey design to analyze service-learning outcomes and civic attitudes to evaluate the course design. A panel of three independent raters analyzed student weekly papers based on research rubrics of the course objectives created by the authors.Results:The results demonstrate that the model is effective in altering student cognitive schemes about human service populations and encouraging students to synthesize academic knowledge and immersive experiences.Conclusions:The study provides evidence for the design of integrating service-learning and site visits throughout the entire semester of an introductory course. This design is what we theorize specifically allowed for the two outcomes of primary importance, altered cognitive schemes about human services populations and synthesis of academic and experiential knowledge.

Improved Service Learning Outcomes Using D'volleyball Learning Application

This study aims to determine the improvement of service learning outcomes for high school students using the D'Volleyball Learning Application learning media at Senior High School No 1 Indralaya Utara. This learning application can be accessed via the link https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.dvolleyball.learning or on the play store by searching for D'Volleyball Learning Application. This D'Volleyball Learning Application contains various features regarding volleyball game material, assignments, learning videos, and assessments. This study uses a classroom action research method, with the number of research subjects as many as 22 class XII students at Senior High School No1 Indralaya Utara. This research uses the type of classroom action research conducted in two cycles. Data collection techniques used in this study were tests and observations. Each cycle has four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 22 students including 10 female students and 12 male students. The results in this classroom action research obtained data on the initial conditions or pre-cycle of 36.4% of students completed, and 63.6% incomplete, then the results of the first cycle of student learning outcomes amounted to 63.6% with complete criteria, and amounted to 36.6% did not complete, then the results of the research in cycle 2 increased by 36.6% so that all students completed learning in cycle 2. So the conclusion is that the D'Volleyball Learning Application can improve the service learning outcomes of volleyball for class XII students at Senior High School No 1 Indralaya Utara.

Intergenerational service learning outcomes for event management undergraduates involved in organizing Pickleball events

Pickleball is the fastest-growing sport for older adults in the United States. This study explored the impact exerted by service learning experiences on the mental health and ageist attitudes of undergraduates, as well as their stances on civic engagement. The study was conducted over five consecutive semesters between 2014 and 2016, with participants comprising 211 students enrolled in an event management course offered by a tourism department. All participating students were engaged in community-based service learning projects. Their service learning experiences were found to be associated with superior mental health and increased civic responsibility. The hosting of pickleball competitions for older adults by the undergraduate participants also possibly improved their mental health and reduced their ageism.

Exploring Alternate Visions of Caring in a World of Social Distancing.

Compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, both loneliness and isolation are a growing concern for the older adult population. An intergenerational holistic exchange, Cardinals CARE (Cardinals, Adopt, Residents for Engagement), was developed as a way to connect older adults in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) with nursing students while demonstrating the meeting of student service learning outcomes. Students shared correspondence with residents in LTCFs for a 10-week period, sending mail weekly in the form of letters, artwork, crafts, an appropriate joke, or anything to encourage engagement. Jean Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring was used as a framework for the project. Students (n = 109) participating in the program provided interaction with 734 residents in 11 LTCFs in 3 counties. Students utilized reflective journaling to demonstrate the meeting of service learning outcomes and described the power of connection and the opportunity to provide holistic care. A result of the project was the intergenerational connectedness showcasing the reciprocal nature of the CARE project. Further research is needed to build an evidence base for the use of such interaction to promote connection and combat loneliness.

How Students' Motivation and Learning Experience Affect Their Service-Learning Outcomes: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.

Guided by the expectancy-value theory of motivation in learning, we explored the causal relationship between students’ learning experiences, motivation, and cognitive learning outcome in academic service-learning. Based on a sample of 2,056 college students from a university in Hong Kong, the findings affirm that learning experiences and motivation are key factors determining cognitive learning outcome, affording a better understanding of student learning behavior and the impact in service-learning. This research provides an insight into the impact of motivation and learning experiences on students’ cognitive learning outcome while engaging in academic service-learning. This not only can discover the intermediate factors of the learning process but also provides insights to educators on how to enhance their teaching pedagogy.