Outcomes Of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Research Articles

P1205 Features of the gut microbiota that associate with clinical outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation in Ulcerative Colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Evidence continues to accumulate highlighting the potential of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to induce remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, rational donor and recipient selection strategies and predictive biomarkers are needed to increase its efficacy. This systematic review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the current literature on microbial factors of FMT donors and UC recipients that relate to clinical outcomes. Methods The MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were systematically searched through April 2023 for relevant studies. The quality of studies and risk of bias was analyzed with Joanna Briggs tools and a compound critical appraisal-score. Additionally, species-level data from two randomized controlled trials (TURN and FOCUS) were re-analyzed from a compositional perspective. Results Out of 2983 citations identified, 47 met the inclusion criteria, of which 20 fulfilled quality appraisal. Higher clinical response rates were associated with higher bacterial alpha-diversity of stools of UC recipients at baseline and following FMT, and with higher FMT donor alpha-diversity. Engraftment of the donors’ microbiota was often reported but could not be clearly linked to clinical response, possibly because not every donor has an ideal microbiome. Taxa most frequently reported to be related to response included members of the Lachnospiraceae family (e.g., Eubacterium rectale, Blautia obeum) and Oscillospiraceae family (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ruminococcus bromii) whereas members of the Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria phyla and Ruminococcus gnavus were reported to correlate to non-response. Low virome richness and low Caudovirales bacteriophages at baseline as well as a decrease of Candida levels following FMT, were associated with clinical response. Compositional analyses showed that a clinical response is associated with a shift away from a low diversity, Bacteroides2-enterotype-like composition towards one of high diversity either dominated by various butyrate producers, the Christensenellaceae-Methanobrevibacter trophic network or a high diversity composition with abundant but not excessive levels of Prevotella copri. Conclusion In this systematic review we found distinctive features of microbial profiles of both donors and UC recipients to relate to clinical response to FMT. The predictive value of microbial markers should be further explored in future clinical studies to move towards a personalized FMT approach and delineate ‘super-donor’ profiles.

Durability and outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease.

Durability and outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease.

Efficacy, Safety, and Concerns on Microbiota Modulation, Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Fecal Microbial Transplant for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Other Gastrointestinal Conditions: Results from an International Survey.

The gut microbiota play a pivotal role in human health. Dysbiosis, alterations in microbiota composition and function, is associated with gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This international survey aimed to assess physicians' experiences, perceptions, and practices related to microbiome modulation for gastrointestinal conditions, with a focus on IBD. Results from 142 healthcare professionals, predominantly gastroenterologists, confirmed a consensus on the relevance of the gut microbiota in IBD pathogenesis. However, the utilization of microbial composition analysis and probiotics in clinical practice was limited, primarily due to the lack of standardized guidelines and supporting evidence. Physicians held conflicting views on antibiotics, recognizing their potential for inducing remission but also causing flares in IBD. Respondents also had varying opinions on the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for different gastrointestinal conditions, with higher confidence in FMT effectiveness for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, pouchitis, and ulcerative colitis. Concerns on FMT included uncertainty about effect duration, administration intervals, and conflicting evidence. Donor selection was believed to be a crucial factor in FMT outcomes. This survey highlights the need for further research and evidence-based guidelines to optimize the use of microbiome-based therapies in clinical practice. As our understanding of the gut microbiome continues to evolve, these insights will contribute to more informed and personalized approaches to managing gastrointestinal disorders.

Long-Term Safety Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Real-World Data Over 8 Years From the Hong Kong FMT Registry

Prospective long-term real-world safety data after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) remain limited. We reported long-term outcomes of FMT from a population-based FMT registry in Hong Kong. We recruited patients undergoing FMT for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and non-CDI indications from clinical trials, from June 2013 to April 2022 in Hong Kong. We captured data on demographics, FMT indications and procedures, clinical outcomes and short-to-long-term safety. New medical diagnoses were obtained from electronic medical records and independently adjudicated by clinicians. Long-term safety in patients with recurrent CDI was compared with a control group treated with antibiotics. Overall, 123 subjects (median age 53 years; range 13-90; 52.0% male) underwent 510 FMTs and were prospectively followed up for a median of 30.3 months (range, 1-57.9). The most common indication for FMT was type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The most common short-term adverse events within one month of FMT included diarrhea and abdominal pain. At long-term follow-up beyond 12 months, 16 patients reported 21 new onset medical conditions confirmed by electronic medical records. All were adjudicated to be unlikely to be related to FMT. There was no new case of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, allergy, DM or psychiatric disorder. In a subgroup of patients with recurrent CDI, FMT was associated with a significantly higher cumulative survival probability compared with matched controls. This prospective real-world data from Asia's first FMT registry demonstrated that FMT has an excellent long-term safety profile. The risk of developing new medical conditions beyond 12 months after FMT is low.

Donor-recipient specificity and age-dependency in fecal microbiota therapy and probiotic resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has proven to be an effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) in both adult and pediatric patients. However, as microbiome development is a critical factor in children, it remains unclear whether adult fecal donors can provide age-appropriate functional restoration in pediatric patients. To address this issue, we conducted an integrated systems approach and found that concordant donor strain engraftment, along with metabolite restoration, are associated with FMT outcomes in both adult and pediatric rCDI patients. Although functional restoration after FMT is not strain-specific, specialized metabolic functions are retained in pediatric patients when adult fecal donors are used. Furthermore, we demonstrated broad utility of high-resolution variant-calling by linking probiotic-strain engraftment with improved gastrointestinal symptoms in adults with irritable bowel syndrome and in children with autism spectrum disorder. Our findings emphasize the importance of strain-level identification when assessing the efficacy of probiotics and microbiota-based therapeutics.

Factors affecting the outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

A previous study that introduced a Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) protocol with a high efficacy applied a combination of favorable factors. The present study aimed to evaluate some of these factors. This study included 186 patients with IBS randomized 1:1:1 into transplant administered to the colon (single LI), to the duodenum (single SI), or to the duodenum twice with a 1-week interval (repeated SI). The patients provided a fecal sample and were asked to complete five questionnaires at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months after FMT. The fecal bacteria composition and dysbiosis index (DI) were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene PCR DNA amplification/probe hybridization covering regions V3-V9. The response rate was significantly higher in single SI than in single LI at 12 months after FMT. Symptoms and quality of life improved in all the treated groups at all time intervals after FMT. The abdominal symptoms were significantly reduced and the quality of life improved for repeated SI compared with for single SI. DI significantly decreased in all the treated groups at all observation times after FMT. The bacterial profiles changed in all groups at all observation intervals. However, these changes differed between single LI and single SI/repeated SI. Administrating transplant to the small intestine had a long-term higher response rate than that administrated to the large intestine, and led to long-term colonization of beneficial bacteria. Repeating FMT had more effect on symptoms and quality of life than a single FMT. (www. gov: NCT04236843).

Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with metabolic syndrome and obesity: A randomized controlled trial.

Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease, and the gut microbiota may play a role in its pathogenesis. Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is associated with insulin resistance, often increasing the risk of type two diabetes mellitus, vascular endothelial dysfunction, an abnormal lipid profile, hypertension, and vascular inflammation, all of which promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. To evaluate the outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with metabolic syndrome. This was a randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing FMT and a sham procedure in patients with metabolic syndrome. We selected 32 female patients, who were divided into eight groups of four patients each. All of the patients were submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In each group, two patients were randomly allocated to undergo FMT, and the other two patients received saline infusion. The patients were followed for one year after the procedures, during which time anthropometric, bioimpedance, and biochemical data were collected. The patients also had periodic consultations with a nutritionist and an endocrinologist. The primary end point was a change in the gut microbiota. There was evidence of a postprocedural change in microbiota composition in the patients who underwent FMT in relation to that observed in those who underwent the sham procedure. However, we found no difference between the two groups in terms of the clinical parameters evaluated. There were no significant differences in biochemical or anthropometric parameters, between the two groups evaluated. Nevertheless, there were significant postprocedural differences in the microbiota composition between the placebo group. To date, clinical outcomes related to FMT remain uncertain.

Extremely small and incredibly close: Gut microbes as modulators of inflammation and targets for therapeutic intervention

Chronic inflammation is a hallmark for a variety of disorders and is at least partially responsible for disease progression and poor patient health. In recent years, the microbiota inhabiting the human gut has been associated with not only intestinal inflammatory diseases but also those that affect the brain, liver, lungs, and joints. Despite a strong correlation between specific microbial signatures and inflammation, whether or not these microbes are disease markers or disease drivers is still a matter of debate. In this review, we discuss what is known about the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can modulate inflammation, both in the intestine and beyond. We identify the current gaps in our knowledge of biological mechanisms, discuss how these gaps have likely contributed to the uncertain outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic clinical trials, and suggest how both mechanistic insight and -omics-based approaches can better inform study design and therapeutic intervention.

Donor age and body weight determine the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on growth performance, and fecal microbiota development in recipient pigs

BackgroundThe application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically studied. Most of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’ fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely unknown.ResultsIn this study, we collected feces from six donors with heavy (H) or light (L) body weight and different ages (d 42, nursery; d 96, growing; and d 170, finisher) to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient pigs. Generally, recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning (21 ± 2 days of age) inherited the donor’s growth pattern, while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor BW. FMT from heavier donors (NH, GH, and FH) led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts (NL, GL, and FL, respectively) throughout the growing and most finishing stages. This benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASV25 Faecalibacterium, ASV61 Faecalibacterium, ASV438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified, ASV144 Bulleidia, and ASV129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASV13 Escherichia during nursery stage. Fecal microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery stage. FMT of older donors’ gut microbiota expedited recipients’ microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49, indicated by increased estimated microbiota ages. The age-associated bacterial taxa included ASV206 Ruminococcaceae, ASV211 Butyrivibrio, ASV416 Bacteroides, ASV2 Streptococcus, and ASV291 Veillonellaceae. The body weight differences between GL and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid, lysine and methionine, mixed acid fermentation, expedited glycolysis, and sucrose/galactose degradation.ConclusionsOverall, our study provided insights into how donor age and body weight affect FMT outcomes regarding growth performance, microbiota community shifts, and lower GI tract metabolic potentials. This study also provided guidance to select qualified donors for future fecal microbiota transplantation.

Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. electronic databases were searched for studies reporting on the efficacy and/or safety of FMT therapy for recurrent CDI in IBD. The meta-prop command of the meta package in R was used to assess efficacy and safety. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity regarding all outcomes. eleven trials were included in the study. A pooled analysis showed that the initial cure rate of recurrent CDI among IBD patients was 80 % (95 % CI, 0.76, 0.84), and the overall cure rate after two or more FMT procedures was 90 % (95 % CI, 0.84, 0.94). The recurrence rate post-FMT therapy was 25 % (95 % CI: 0.20, 0.32). Sub-analyses suggested that the initial cure rate of CDI in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients was higher than in Crohn's disease (CD) patients (85 % vs. 79 %), with no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). No serious adverse events were noted in any of the patients post-FMT. FMT is an effective and safe treatment for recurrent CDI in patients with IBD. FMT should be considered early in cases of recurrent or refractory CDI. Multiple FMT procedures can improve the cure rate of CDI.

Efficacy and Outcomes of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Children with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are disproportionally affected by recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection [rCDI]. Although faecal microbiota transplantation [FMT] has been used with good efficacy in adults with IBD, little is known about outcomes associated with FMT in paediatric IBD. We performed a retrospective review of FMT at 20 paediatric centres in the USA from March 2012 to March 2020. Children with and without IBD were compared with determined differences in the efficacy of FMT for rCDI. In addition, children with IBD with and without a successful outcome were compared with determined predictors of success. Safety data and IBD-specific outcomes were obtained. A total of 396 paediatric patients, including 148 with IBD, were included. Children with IBD were no less likely to have a successful first FMT then the non-IBD affected cohort [76% vs 81%, p = 0.17]. Among children with IBD, patients were more likely to have a successful FMT if they received FMT with fresh stool [p = 0.03], were without diarrhoea prior to FMT [p = 0.03], or had a shorter time from rCDI diagnosis until FMT [p = 0.04]. Children with a failed FMT were more likely to have clinically active IBD post-FMT [p = 0.002] and 19 [13%] patients had an IBD-related hospitalisation in the 3-month follow-up. Based on the findings from this large US multicentre cohort, the efficacy of FMT for the treatment of rCDI did not differ in children with IBD. Failed FMT among children with IBD was possibly related to the presence of clinically active IBD.

S539 Clinical Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

S539 Clinical Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A163 MAJORITY OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT CLOSTRIDIOIDES INFECTION DO NOT REQUIRE FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION

Abstract Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and have worse outcomes including higher rates of colectomy and death, and experience higher rates of recurrent CDI (rCDI). However, it is still not clear whether rCDI is a cause of refractory IBD or a consequence of the inflammatory state in the colon. Aims We aimed to assess the outcomes of rCDI in patients with active IBD compared to inactive IBD in the era of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) Methods This is a retrospective cohort of adult IBD patients with rCDI at the IBD centre at the University of Alberta hospital between 2014–2017. rCDI was defined as a recurrent episode occurring within 60 days of the prior after successful treatment with antibiotics. We collected demographic and clinical characteristics, along with the rCDI-related and FMT outcomes in patients with active and inactive IBD. Active IBD was based on clinical assessment using a combination of disease severity scores (Harvey Bradshaw Index, partial Mayo scores), presence of active disease on colonoscopy, clinical symptoms and/or treatment escalation or change in the month leading up to rCDI diagnosis. Results Over the study period, 56 IBD patients (50% ulcerative colitis, 28/56) had a total of 85 rCDI episodes. Thirty-four percent (19/56) of patients had two or more rCDI episodes. Forty-one percent (35/85) of rCDI episodes were toxin positive while the remainder were only PCR positive. Thirty-nine percent (33/85) had active IBD at the time of CDI diagnosis. Patients with active IBD were more likely to have rCDI (1.7 rCDI episodes vs. 1.5, p=0.018). IBD treatment escalation was also more likely in the active IBD cases (79% vs. 44%, p = 0.002) with the use of steroids (27% vs 2%, p = 0.001) and addition of biologics (18% vs. 2%, p = 0.013). Active IBD cases were also more likely to be hospitalized (30% vs. 10%, p = 0.02) and were more likely to receive FMT (27% vs. 4%, p = 0.003). There was no difference in the time between rCDI episodes, antibiotic exposure or colectomy rates between the two groups. Conclusions Compared to IBD patients in remission, patients with active IBD are more likely to experience rCDI, IBD treatment escalation and FMT. It is interesting to note that only 27% of patients with recurrent CDI required FMT suggesting CDI may be a marker of active or refractory disease rather than a cause. Larger, prospective studies are needed to help clarify this association. Funding Agencies None

Factors Related to Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with Clostridioides difficile Infection

Background/AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate factors related to outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and viability of frozen stock for FMT.MethodsClinical data of patients who had received FMT for CDI were prospectively collected. Next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacteria was performed from donors’ and recipients’ stool. Colony-forming units (CFUs) of cultures from frozen stock solutions for FMT were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 weeks after preparation of the solutions.ResultsIn total, 25 FMT procedures were performed in 20 cases (14 fresh and 11 frozen FMT). Forty-five percent of cases involved fulminant CDI. The overall success rate was 55% after the 1st FMT and 75% after the 2nd FMT. The success rate was significantly higher in partially treated CDI than in refractory CDI (100% vs 71.4%; p=0.001). In successful cases only, the decrease in alpha-diversity in the recipient stool microbiomes was recovered after FMT to a level similar to that in donor stools. There was a significant difference in the microbiome composition in pre-FMT recipients’ stool between successful and failed cases (p=0.001). The CFUs of frozen solution for FMT did not decrease for 48 weeks in both aerobic and anaerobic cultures.ConclusionsFMT is highly effective in partially treated CDI but not in refractory CDI. The microbiome differs between failed and successful cases. Frozen stock for FMT is viable up to 48 weeks.

Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection

Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection

Effect of fecal bacterial preservation time on the outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation for slow transit constipation

Objective: To investigate the effect of different fecal bacterial preservation time on the efficacy and complications of FMT. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out. Clinical data of 483 patients with slow transit constipation undergoing voluntary FMT at Intestinal Microecology Diagnosis and Treatment Center from August 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively collected. According to the storage time of fecal bacterial samples used in FMT treatment, the cases were divided into fresh bacterial solution (n=29), bacterial solution stored at -80℃ for 1 week (n=187), 1 month (n=121), 3 months (n=89), 6 months (n=38), and 12 months (n=19). The total number of complete bowel movement, Wexner constipation score, gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI), FMT satisfaction score and related adverse reactions were summarized and compared among groups 1 week and 1 month after FMT treatment. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data of patients among different bacterial solution storage time (all P>0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the overall frequency of defecation of all the patients was (3.83 ± 1.22) times/week, Wexner constipation score was (6.74 ± 3.56) points, GIQLI score was (108.76 ± 15.38) points, clinical cure rate was 57.8% (279/483). The improvement rate was 66.3% (320/483), and the treatment satisfaction was (3.85 ± 0.93) points. No severe FMT-associated complication and death were observed during treatment and follow-up period. FMT-related adverse events occurred in 115 cases (23.8%), including nausea in 25 cases (5.2%), vomiting in 13 (2.7%), diarrhea in 21 (4.3%), abdominal pain in 16 (3.3%), abdominal distension in 33 (6.8%), sore throat in 56 (11.6%) and fever in 16(3.3%), all of which relieved after symptomatic treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in the number of defecations, Wexner constipation scores, and GIQLI scores before FMT, 1 week and 1 month after FMT treatment among different bacterial solution storage groups (all P>0.05). Differences of clinical cure rate, clinical improvement rate, and treatment satisfaction of patients 1 week and 1 month after treatment were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Among the groups, differences in the overall complications and types of complications after FMT treatment were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Conclusions: FMT is safe and effective in the treatment of slow transit constipation. Fresh fecal bacterial samples or fecal bacterial samples frozen at -80℃ for 1 year can be safely applied to FMT for the treatment of slow transit constipation, with stable short-term efficacy and without serious adverse reactions.

Probiotics enhance the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in severe acute liver injury

Objective: To observe the changes of gut flora in mice, and explore the outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation combined with probiotics in the intervention of severe acute liver injury. Methods: Forty male BALB/c mice were selected and randomly divided into blank control group (10 mice), model group (10 mice), ordinary fecal microbiota transplantation group (10 mice), and fecal microbiota + probiotics transplantation group (10 mice). An intraperitoneal injection of d-galactosamine (D-GalN 3.0g/kg) was given to every group except the blank control group to induce severe acute liver injury model. Simultaneously, ordinary fecal microbiota transplantation group and fecal microbiota + probiotics transplantation group and modeling group were given enema solutions (once a day). After 48 hours, fetched serum was taken to detect alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and total bilirubin, and liver tissue was taken for pathological detection. The colonic content was used to extract DNA for 16S V3-V4 high-throughput sequencing. The results of sequencing were analyzed by using bioinformatics analysis; including OTU cluster analysis, α diversity analysis, β diversity analysis, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (Lefse) to find the bacteria with different colonic content characteristics in different groups of mice. Differences in clinical biochemical indicators between groups were compared using t-test, and the differences between 16S V3-V4 region sequencing results were compared using Wilcoxon test. Results: Model group mice serum biochemical parameters were higher than the other three groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). HE staining of liver sections showed severe inflammatory changes under the microscope in the model group. Ordinary fecal microbiota transplantation group and fecal microbiota + probiotic microbiota transplantation group had low levels of inflammation than the model group. The analysis results of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing showed that there was no statistically significant difference in Shannon's index between the blank control and the other three groups. Observed Species difference was statistically significant, and the gut flora composition varied greatly. Species number in the mice gut flora was increased with fecal microbiota transplantation. The results of β - diversity analysis showed that the difference between the blank control group and the other three groups was greater than that between the disease groups. The difference in the structure of the gut flora of the diseased mice in the fecal microbiota + probiotic transplantation group was mostly butyrate-producing bacteria. Conclusion: Fecal microbiota + probiotics enhance the therapeutic effect of fecal microbiota transplantation, improve liver inflammation, and increase the number of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut.

Su1952 – Patients’ Perspective and Compliance Affect the Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis

Su1952 – Patients’ Perspective and Compliance Affect the Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis

Fecal calprotectin and fecal indole predict outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation in subjects with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection

Fecal calprotectin and indole were studied in 134 subjects with recurrent CDI before and after FMT. Reduced fecal calprotectin (p = 0.0353, 95% CI 0.1305–0.1439) and rising levels of indole (p < 0.0001, 95% CI < 0.0001–0.0003) predicted successful treatment. A ratio of recal calprotectin/indole may provide prognostic value for FMT (p = 0.0004, 95% CI 0.22–0.87).

Long-term Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Cirrhosis

Long-term Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Cirrhosis