Outboard Motor Research Articles

Temporal changes in a small-scale artisanal reef fishery in Brazil: Coastal development and its impacts

Small-scale artisanal fisheries perform great economic, social, cultural, and ecological roles worldwide. For fishers in adverse scenarios, resorting to alternatives such sustainable tourism is widely proposed. In this study, we investigate the long-term sustainability (1998–2020) of a small-scale artisanal fishery in Northeast Brazil, where transformations including intense coastal development, the establishment of a marine protected area, and the expansion of tourism occurred in addition to the region’s economic growth and the global trend of technological advancements. This study aims to understand how this fishery has changed over the last two decades while investigating a range of possible threats for its survival. Results demonstrated the impacts of technological innovation on fishing practices, such as the use of spearguns and small outboard motors; an increase in opportunistic fishing associated with a growing coastal population; fading of certain traditional fishing practices that often require fishers with greater experience; a shift for a fishery made up of more opportunistic amateur fishers, as artisanal, small-scale fishers switched to other income sources such as tourism. Although there are benefits from those transformations, which include the possibility of an alternative source of income and the use of technology, fisheries traditions have been affected negatively in terms of social and cultural aspects, and traditional fishing communities are left vulnerable in the absence of national fishery monitoring programs, reliable fishing data, and institutional instability. Local initiatives and empowerment of traditional fishing communities to strengthen fisher identity and participation in fisheries policy decision-making should be strongly encouraged.

Density and abundance estimation of West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, between the states of Ceará and Piauí, Northeast Brazil, using active acoustics

The West Indian manatee is one of the most threatened species in Brazil. The species has currently a patchy distribution from the state of Alagoas to the state of Amapá. The difficulty of observing manatees, especially in estuarine waters, is a challenge for conservation. Therefore, it is necessary to use new methodologies and technologies to solve manatee detection problems in their natural habitats. The goal of this study was to use an active acoustic method of detection to estimate manatee density and abundance in the estuarine complex of the Timonha and Ubatuba rivers, between the states of Ceará and Piauí, northeast Brazil. Data collection was conducted from a wooden boat with an outboard motor using a side-scan sonar. Sonar images were collected along line transects in three regions within the study area. Manatee abundance was calculated using distance sampling (Distance 6.0 software). There were 1,396 transection lines that totaled 863.6 km traveled in the study area. The observed general encounter rate was 0.089 group detected per kilometer traveled. The best detection model was the hazard-rate with no adjustment terms, resulting in a detection probability of 33.7%, and an estimated density for the entire study area of 9.19 manatees per km2. Abundance of manatees in the estuary was estimated to be 37 animals (CV% = 30.2, 95% CI = 21 - 66). The methodology using side-scan sonar proposed here was successful in the detection of manatees in the study area and in defining parameters for its use to estimate the population size using the distance sampling method. This study provides an estimate of manatee density and abundance in a key estuarine system along the northeast coast of Brazil, which can serve as a baseline for future studies and aid in the development of conservation strategies for the species. This is the first time this methodological approach has been used for manatee detection and abundance estimation in Brazil. We recommend the use of side-scan sonar in future West Indian manatee research.

Use Of The Yamaha F100B Outboard Engine As a Populsion On The Rinca and Bawean Survey Boats

The aim of this research is to determine the use of the Yamaha F100B outboard engine as a propulsion for the Rinca and Bawean survey boats. The research was carried out within one month, namely August to September 2023. This research was carried out using practical field work methods. The variables in this research were the specification,work process, fuel efficiency system, superiority, and environmental impact. The method in this research uses the observation method, namely the method of collecting data by recording directly while in the field. The research results show that the use of a Yamaha F100B outboard motor as a propulsion is able to provide adequate thrust for the survey vessel, with efficient fuel consumption. In the context of survey vessels, the reliability and speed of these motors are important factors in supporting successful marine survey operations.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЙ ПОЛЛЮТАНТОВ В ОТРАБОТАВШИХ ГАЗАХ ПОДВЕСНОГО ЛОДОЧНОГО МОТОРА HANGKAI T6 ПРИ ОБКАТКЕ И В ПОВСЕДНЕВНОЙ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ

Active development of water recreation market leads to a noticeable increase in the number of motorized recreational boats and, as a consequence, to an aggravation of their technogenic impact on the environment. New outboard motors should go through a fairly long break-in period to allow the moving parts to better break in. During the mode, on average, twice as much engine oil is added to the fuel as during daily operation, and this affects the concentration of pollutants in the exhausts. The results of the experimental study of the HANGKAI T6 2-stroke gasoline outboard motor, have shown that the content of CO, CO2 and CH in the exhausts has increased, respectively, by 19,0–62,8 %, 32,3–60,7 % and 18,1–64,7 % in the break-in mode with a fuel-oil ratio 25:1 compared to daily operation mode with a fuel-oil ratio 50:1.

A comprehensive energy analysis of a hybrid motorization for small/medium boats

Small/Medium boats are considered as favourite maritime transportation, and they are mostly propulsed by Outboard Motors. Boats are designed for recreative, fishing and surveillance purposes, however in tropical undeveloped countries boats are employed for different applications such as passenger and goods transportation fairly away from nominal power engine, which lies from 8 to 12% engine efficiency. The present survey aims to develop a novel navigation perspective in a power and efficiency analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Ship (PHES) 1. An internal combustion engine (ICE) is converted in hybrid propulsion system (HPS) coupling an electric motor powered by batteries through an electric DC bus device in a parallel configuration system, in order to increasing the traveled distance to fuel consumption ratio. Parameters such as boat size, engine hybrid configuration, were simulated on a schematic model system following an actual navigation route drawn, improving a 25-30% overall system efficiency respect nominal engine performance.

Low emission stepped piston engine for marine outboard motor application

Separating the scavenging process from the lubrication methodology in conventional two-stroke engines is an effective method of reducing emissions. Segregation of scavenging by use of stepped pistons is one such method providing significant improvements in engine durability, and reduced lubricant consumption, together with reduced production cost. The study discusses the approaches used together with those applied to conventional engines. This paper focusses on a marine outboard motor application and cross-comparisons with a comparable four-stroke outboard motor are drawn within the study. One-dimensional computational fluid dynamics models of the engine types have allowed performance and emissions simulations. Where possible, data from experimental dynamometer testing is compared with the theoretical models. A reasonable level of correlation in terms of performance has been observed. Two-stroke cycle engines are able to demonstrate reduced oxides of nitrogen emissions when compared with conventional four-stroke engines. Models of the stepped piston engine have confirmed the lower NOx emission evident with operation on the two-stroke cycle.

The Great Outboard Debate: Negotiating Materiality and Dispossession in a Southeast Asian Marine Hunting Community

ABSTRACT: Lamalera is a small coastal community in the Lesser Sunda region of eastern Indonesia whose cosmology and livelihoods are rooted in hunting large marine prey, including toothed whales and large ocean fishes. In the past decade Lamalera's hunting practices have become embroiled in an international authenticity debate about technology, traditional belief, and conservation, fixating on the incorporation of outboard motors in hunts. Combining theories of material religion and the dispossession of indigenous peoples, this article makes two arguments. First it argues that the movement to outboards should be understood as an adaptation in the materiality of a sacred practice rather than the unraveling of tradition or decline of authenticity as has been proposed. Second, the article argues that the discourse of authenticity itself impacts the community in harmful ways, both by requiring Lamalerans to defend themselves, which has internal social costs, and by detrimentally reframing the important work that the community has done to keep their sacred practices alive in the midst of challenging circumstances.

Bench tests of noise-insulating materials

A group of employees of the Scientific, Educational and Production Laboratory "Outboard Boat Motors" of the Department of Water Transport Operation of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution "AGTU" achieved certain results in the fight against noise, reflected in a number of patents of noise-insulating hoods of various modifications and publications on the analysis of the frequency spectrum of outboard boat motor noise, evaluation of the effectiveness of outboard motor hoods of small-sized Based on the accumulated scientific research, several proto-types of multilayer means recommended for sound insulation of outboard boat motors have been created. In the conditions of a large range of directions, there is a need to apply single-layer or multi-layer structures to the properties of sound insulation without forming a physical model of the hood, casing. This is due to the fact that the production of a hood model entails a complex technological process, while creating a sample in the form of a plate from the same material is much more profitable in terms of financial, labor and time costs. Based on the needs of the scientific educational and production laboratory of outboard boat motors in the study of noise generated by outboard boat motors and means of combating them, it was decided to create a stand to assess the effectiveness of noise-reducing materials, which will allow modeling the conditions of natural operation of a noise-insulating material without the use of full-scale tests with outboard by motor. The created stand allows testing in two directions. The first direction is the testing of physical models of casings for noise insulation using audio files reproducing the noise of the required equipment. The second direction is the study of materials for their noise-insulating properties when generating waves of different frequencies.

Подача воды во впускной коллектор подвесного четырехтактного лодочного мотора

The tangible negative sides of small vessels with outboard outboard motors include high fuel consumption in relation to the generated power, as well as their low environmental characteristics, expressed in harmful emissions, harmful discharges. When assessing the impact of the impact of the entire world fleet on the environment, small-sized small vessels should not be neglected because of their massive prevalence. Experimental data aimed at improving the environmental characteristics of an outboard outboard motor by reducing harmful emissions by injecting water in the fine-dispersion phase into the suction manifold of the engine are considered. The environmental characteristics of water supply to the intake manifold of a four-stroke outboard outboard motor are analyzed; regulatory and technical doc-umentation concerning the limitation of harmful emissions on small vessels with outboard outboard motors is investi-gated; the existing methods of water supply to the intake manifold of four-stroke engines are considered and a patent search is conducted. A device generating a fine-dispersed fog-like cloud was installed on the outboard motor engine, an experimental assessment of the content of harmful emissions in exhaust gases was carried out in terms of components such as carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides when water is supplied to the intake manifold of a four-stroke outboard motor by laboratory measurements in a small experimental pool and outdoors. The content of harmful emissions in exhaust gases is estimated when water is supplied to the intake manifold of a four-stroke outboard motor. The ecological effect of installing a water supply device into the intake manifold of a four-stroke outboard outboard motor is analyzed. A four-stroke outboard outboard motor with a capacity of 4 hp and a change in its environmental characteristics when water is injected into the cylinder are investigated.

Development of an Unmanned Mobile Current Turbine Platform

A prototype low-flow (~0.5 m/s) marine current turbine for deployment from a small unmanned mobile floating platform has been developed at Florida Atlantic University for autonomously seeking and harnessing tidal/coastal currents. The support platform is an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) in the form of a catamaran with two electric outboard motors and with capabilities for autonomous navigation. An undershot water wheel (USWW), aided by a custom flow concentrator, has been selected as the basic design for the marine current turbine, which is mounted on the stern of the USV. The concept of operation is that the unmanned surface vehicle would navigate to a designated marine current resource, autonomously anchor at the location, align itself in the current, and deploy the USWW turbine using a custom cable-lift deployment mechanism. As the USWW harnesses the local current, an onboard power-take-off (PTO) device converts the harnessed mechanical energy to electricity which is stored in onboard batteries. The selected PTO utilizes a spur drivetrain/gearbox coupled with a NuVinci Ball-continuously variable transmission (CVT). It is estimated that the small prototype turbine system will produce over 12W power for currents over 0.5 m/s. The automated anchoring system consists of an electric winch, a Rocna anchor, anchor chain/rode and a line locking mechanism designed to aid in taking tension off the winch. Preparations have been made to test and demonstrate the application of the platform in harnessing tidal currents in the Intracoastal Waterway in South Florida and coastal currents at locations off Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The preparations include obtaining the necessary environmental permits for conducting in-water testing; developing required mitigation measures in protecting local wildlife and their habitats; and identifying potential in-water test sites and surveying them for their suitability in terms of current resource, bottom type, water depth and local boat traffic. Application of the marine current turbine platform to serve as an unmanned mobile floating recharge station for small aerial drones will be demonstrated. For this purpose, the USV includes a flight deck for landing and takeoff of small aerial drones whose batteries would be recharged via a wireless direct-contact recharging pad powered by the onboard batteries. Modeling in support of turbine design and parametric studies in support of optimization of the performance of the system will be discussed. Scaling of the prototype system in terms of size and capacity will be discussed.

Income analysis of hand line fishermen in Banawa Village, South Yapen District, Yapen Islands Regency, Papua Province

The purpose of this study was to determine fishermen's income using hand line fishing gear in Banawa Village using primary data for 50 respondents representing the entire population of the Fisherman Community in Banawa Village. Data collection was carried out using interviews and documentation methods. The analytical method used is descriptive quantitative. The collected data is processed and presented in tabular form. The study results show that the fishing community in Kampung Banawa still needs a higher understanding of knowledge and technology. This has not reduced the enthusiasm of fishermen in Kampung Banawa to go to sea actively, even though the price of fish in the market could be better. There are differences between hand-line fishermen based on the boat used. Hand line fishermen with rowing boats earn Rp.70,000/week, hand line fishermen using ketinting engine boats Rp.120,000/week, and hand line fishermen using 15PK outboard motors make Rp.200,000/week. Institutions supporting fishermen's income include Fishery Cooperatives, Banking (BNI), and fish markets.

PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW) UNTUK MENENTUKAN PEMBELIAN MESIN TEMPEL

The decision-making system is crucial in business processes to assist decision-makers in making the right decisions. In this case, the determination of the purchase of an outboard motor is a critical decision that requires careful consideration. Therefore, the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is used as a decision-making system in determining the purchase of an outboard motor. The SAW method is used to calculate the relative weight of each selected criterion and to give a value to each alternative based on the given criteria. The criteria used in determining the purchase of an outboard motor include price, brand, features, environmental waste guarantee, quality, and availability of service centers. From the normalized calculation results, Yamaha E40JMHL 40HP became the best outboard motor alternative with a score of 0.8125, and Honda BF 90 DK 2LRTD 0.575 became the less recommended alternative to be chosen for purchase.

Маломерные суда: спектр их использования и проблемы

Using small boats is not limited to using them as watercrafts for amateur or recreational fishing, as well as an auxiliary fleet of the large-tonnage vessels. Motor boats as a means of performing the main production functions are widely used by the different industrial enterprises, whose activities are related to the operation in inland waterways and other water areas. The Astrakhan region, among other regions with inland waterways, has a large network 
 of branched canals, some of which are located in shallow waters with dense reeds, impassible for the ships with 
 a large draft transferring personnel, cargo and equipment. High speed developed by the small boats in gliding makes it possible to use them in the border service, fish protection service, in transporting passengers, etc. At the same time, the disadvantages of using small vessels are considered, namely, a much lower level of comfort compared to the large vessels, noise and vibrations from the outboard motor, the impact of emissions on the environment. Staying of the navigator in close proximity to the engine, the prolonged exposure to the negative impact of the environment (high and low temperatures, wind, precipitation) increase the fatigue of the human body. Conclusions are drawn about the need to reduce negative factors, creating more comfortable working conditions for the staff. Due to the lack of freely available information on the positive and negative aspects of using a small fleet, the experience of using motor boats with outboard motors is listed and described.

The Analysis of Fishermen's Fishing Income Business and Factors Affecting in Medan Belawan District

The objective of the research done in the subdistrict of Medan Belawan is to quantify the extent of the disparity in fishermen's catch business revenue and examine the elements that contribute to it. The approach employed is a survey, including both secondary and primary data acquired from a variety of sources. This research use stratified random sampling and gini ratio analysis to achieve its objective. Using stratified sampling, responses from fishermen were collected. The income from fishing for motorized and non-powered boats in the Medan Belawan subdistrict was somewhat unequal, according to the study's findings. The moderate inequality indication in the group of fishermen who use boats with outboard motors can develop for a number of causes, including those listed below : The employment of more modern fishing equipment enables them to sail to more expansive fishing grounds/areas. Consequently, their catch rates are often substantially greater than those of non-motorized boat fishermen. There is a potential that if the Gini Ratio Index is computed for merging with groups of fishermen who have superior fishing means, then the Gini Ratio Index calculation results will be greater (income distribution is more unequal). The catch per trip of motorized boat fishermen in the Medan Belawan District has a beneficial impact on revenue. The catch has a substantial beneficial influence on the revenue of motorboat fisherman over the course of a year.; While it is negatively influenced by the expense of traveling to sea, the time spent going to sea, and the season, it is positively affected by the amount of fish caught. Positive influences on the revenue of motorbike-riding fisherman are the catch and the cost of traveling to sea, whereas negative influences are the number of employees, the time spent, and the season.

Совершенствование методов изучения графических дисциплин для студентов технических специальностей и направлений

In modern development of digital technologies education faces a difficult task: translation of previously accumulated knowledge and meeting the demands of the digital future in the XXI century. Digital transformation of education involves changing the ways and methods of teaching, as well as changing the subjects of education - the teacher and the student. A convenient tool of influence between a student and a teacher is a modular virtual educational platform (for example, Moodle), which allows studying the theoretical material, conducting practical classes and examinations. Combination of various technological techniques confirms the availability of their implementing for improving the quality of education in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards, allows improving the quality of education in the context of a dynamically developing society. Certain approaches to the graphic training of students have been stated. Modeling the geometric shapes on the screen, in contrast to the traditional approach, develops the intellectual, cognitive and creative abilities of students, in most cases having insufficient graphic training. Working with graphics packages is impossible without the knowledge that is acquired in practical classes of Engineering Graphics. Actually, at the university engineering training is aimed at developing the skills of creating an information model of an object and forming project documentation based on it. Introducing the innovative methods and forms of education creates a new strategy of vocational training in a technical university. When studying the sections of mechanical engineering drawing, computer visibility allows to see the technical forms of the details, gives an idea of the manufacturing technology, control and assembly of products, which will help the student to correctly perform cuts, sections of parts, correctly apply the dimensions on the drawings. There have been illustrated the examples of using engineering graphics in the technological processes of manufacturing the soundproof hood “KAPONISTR” for outboard boat motors. It has been inferred that the computer visual aids are important in training the engineers by using active teaching methods.

System identification of porpoising dynamics of high-speed planing craft using full scale trial data

Porpoise, a coupled heave and pitch oscillation, is one of the unstable behaviors in high-speed planing craft. To suppress porpoise, drivers respond by reducing the speed of the vessel. Active control using trim tabs has also been studied in the past. In order to suppress porpoise by actively controlling the trim angle of the outboard motor, this study develops a suitable motion model for this control. The following were studied in this paper: (1) a numerical motion model running straight for a planing craft with an outboard motor was proposed; (2) a method to identify the motion model based on the actual test results was proposed. In this paper, we conducted system identification based on experimental data using a representative craft. Accordingly, identification results that reproduced the occurrence of porpoise were obtained.

Изменение конструкции малого опытового бассейна для комплексных испытаний подвесных лодочных моторов

When studying the characteristics of the outboard motors with capacity of more than 10 kW weighing over 100 kg at full equipment, the Department of Water Transport Operation of Astrakhan State Technical University needed to change the design of a small experimental tank. Previously, the small experimental tank was adapted for testing outboard motors with capacity not exceeding 8 l/s - 6 kW and weight up to 25 kg having such technical indicators as the screw stop, the developed power of the outboard motor, tank water temperature, exhaust gas temperature, fuel consumption, rate of heating the aquatic environment during the engine operation, the number of revolutions 
 of the engine crankshaft, the number of revolutions of the screw, with possibility of environmental studies of noise levels, vibration levels, as well as harmful discharges and exhaust emissions of outboard motors by sampling water and gases. In addition to sensors and devices designed to measure technical and environmental indicators, the small experimental tank was previously equipped with an auxiliary equipment: supply and exhaust ventilation, a water level gauge in a basin tank, a steam compressor refrigeration unit, a water supply and drainage system with sampling fittings, a gas sampling probe, a rotary rod for installing a noise meter, a platform with steps, general and local lighting fixtures. There has been illustrated a layout of an experimental tank covered with heat-insulating paint from the outside. In the course of changing the structure there was installed a lifting boom and an external transom. The tank bowl was upgraded by installing a bypass pipe. The described technical solutions have expanded the possibilities of the small experimental tank in conducting the research on outboard motors.

Inventory Of Small-Scale Fishing Units In Tanjung Solok Village, Kuala Jambi District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency

This study aims to identify and inventory the fishing units in Tanjung Solok Village, Kuala Jambi District, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. This research was conducted in June-July 2021. The method used in this study is a survey method, with direct observations in the field and conducting interviews with fishermen and noting the fishing units used by fishermen in Tanjung Solok Village. The sampling method is a census of 106 fishermen who have fishing units and domiciled in Tanjung Solok Village. The data collected in this study include general biographical data of fishermen, ships or boats used to catch fish, fishing gear used, and catches while fishing. The data analysis used in this research is Descriptive Data Analysis. Fishermen in Tanjung Solok are aged between 20 and 70 years with elementary, junior high and high school education and work as main fishermen, fishermen and side fishermen. The fishing vessels used are classified as outboard motor boats, non-motorized boats and motor boats made of fiber or wood with ship sizes of 1 to 4 GT. There are 7 types of fishing gear used, namely Gillnet, Mini Trawl, Pull Trawl, Splint, Rawai, Net, and Clam Stick and are dominated by fishing gear that is easy to operate and cheap. The most widely used fishing gear is the Gillnet. The fishing area for Tanjung Solok fishermen is around the territorial sea which is no more than 12 miles from the coastline because the fishing units are classified as small-scale. The fish caught by fishermen vary from shrimp and gulama fish, happy fish, side fish and shellfish.

Factors Affecting Household Income of Traditional Fishermen in Galesong District, Takalar Regency, Indonesia

Traditional fishermen are characterized as poor people with low levels of education and living standards. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the household income of traditional fishermen in the Galesong District. This research was conducted in Galesong District, Takalar Regency. The population in this study were all traditional fishermen who use outboard motors. A sampling of traditional fishermen was done by random sampling method and selected 58 traditional fishermen who use outboard motorboats. The data obtained were then analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that fishermen in Galesong District earned an average profit of IDR 288,900 per trip. The results of multiple linear regression analysis obtained that; fishing experience, number of retreats at sea, number of workers, and dummy variables have a positive and significant effect in increasing fishermen's income. Meanwhile, the level of education and the number of family members have a positive but not significant effect on increasing the income of traditional fishermen on the coast of Galesong District.

Pirogues to Paradise?

Pirogues to Paradise?