AbstractReliable and detailed knowledge regarding the relationship between otolith size and the size of fish is important for fisheries management and for ecological studies on predicting fish size and on predator–prey interactions. Therefore, these relationships are estimated for three sprat (genus Clupeonella) species, including C. caspia, C. engrauliformis and C. grimmi from the Caspian Sea. The relative size and mass of the otoliths corrected for body size and mass were also estimated for the three sprat species. After biometry of collected specimens, the Sagittal otoliths were extracted from the cranium of collected specimens and photographed. Photos were used to estimate length and width of otoliths. The results revealed significant relationships between otolith length and width vs. fish length and otolith mass vs. body mass in all three species (r2 > 0.5). The higher coefficient of determination (r2) for relationships between total length (fish) – Otolith length and width was concluded in comparison with relationships between fish mass and otolith mass in the studied sprat species. Otoliths of C. grimmi showed the highest relative length and were significantly (P < 0.05) heavier than sagittal otoliths of two other sprat species. There is no previous report on size–mass relationships between fish and otolith measurements among the three studied sprat species. These estimated equations can be used in back-calculation studies, especially for these three sprats as the dominant prey for piscivorous predators such as Caspian seals and sturgeons, in their habitats.
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