Ostrinia Nubilalis Hbn Research Articles

The link between functional response and longevity of Trichogramma evanescens strains indigenous to Türkiye: A comparative assessment of parameters

AbstractA previous comprehensive survey in the Mediterranean and Southeastern regions of Türkiye investigating the natural egg parasitism of lepidopteran maize pests, Sesamia spp, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe; Lepidoptera: Crambidae) by Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) yielded successful establishment of laboratory cultures of six strains molecularly clustering into two main groups. In this study, the functional response and adult longevity of the strains reared and tested on a factitious host, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were investigated to provide insights into their potential as candidate biocontrol agents under constant laboratory conditions. The functional response modelling process consisted of two main sequential steps: model selection using polynomial logistic regression and parameter estimation using an iterative maximum likelihood estimation method. The functional response of two strains showed negative linear parameters (type II): HAP068M and HAP268S. Although their attack rate did not differ, the handling time of HAP268S was longer than that of HAP068M. In contrast, four strains had positive linear and negative quadratic parameters (type III) in their functional response: HAP044S, HAP070S, HAP210S, and HAP258M. The strains exhibiting type III functional response did not differ in their handling time, while HAP044S had a higher attack coefficient than HAP070S, HAP210S, and HAP258M. The longevity of both female and male adults significantly differed between strains. More importantly, the females belonging to strains exhibiting type II functional response presented a shorter longevity, compared to those with type III functional response. Males also showed a similar trend in their longevity. This paper discusses the differences in functional response types and estimated parameters of the strains in relation to their relevance for biological control programs and reveals a link between their functional response and longevity as potential reciprocal predictors.

Behavior of Some Maize Hybrids to the Attack of the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) and Fusarium Ear Rot (Fusarium sp.)

European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) is the most important pest of maize, for the conditions on Romania. Through injuries produced, both on the stem and ears, it favors the penetration of the spores of Fusarium sp. in the plant. In this paper, some results were presented regarding the reaction of the new maize creations and some perspective hybrids from Agriculture Research and Development Station Turda (ARDS Turda), to the attack of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) larva and the fusarium ear rot (Fusarium sp.), in the period 2020-2022. The climatic conditions during the summer period, recorded at ARDS Turda, were more favorable to the attack in 2021 and 2022 compared to 2020 for the European corn borer, respectively, more favorable to the attack in 2022 compared to 2021 for the fusarium ear rot. Turda 380 and Turda 2020 hybrids showed a tolerance to the attack of European corn borer larva and the lowest values of fusarium ear rot attack. Turda 332, HST A483-11 and HST A483-39 hybrids were more sensitive both to the attack of Ostrinia nubilalis and Fusarium sp.

European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) Bioecology in Eastern Romania.

Between 2020 and 2021, we conducted research in eastern Romania to monitor the bioecology of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.), an important pest of corn. The bioecology research established the pest stage duration (egg, larva, pupa, and moth), the flight curve, and the flight peak. The bioecological study occurred in the experimental corn field and a field cage. According to our findings, the insect has one generation per year. The European corn borer hibernates as a mature larva in corn residues and continues developing in the spring, when the weather warms. It pupates from May to July over 37 days. Analyzing the data recorded during the winters of 2020 and 2021, we observed that the warming trend favored the high survival of hibernating larvae (60.7%). Due to the large number of mature larvae that had favorable conditions during the winter, there is an intense flight, starting in June and ending in September. When the first moth was caught in the light trap, the ∑(tn-10) °C (sum of degree days) was 245.6 °C. In 2020, the flight was recorded for 94 days. In 2021, the European corn borer flight lasted 104 days. The initial egg masses were detected when the total of ∑(tn-10) °C reached 351.5 °C. Moths laid the eggs for 25 days, mostly during peak flight in late June and early July. The first larvae hatched when ∑(tn-10) °C totaled 438.4 °C, and stages III-V were recorded in the harvested crop. Understanding the bioecology of the European corn borer can offer valuable insights into managing population levels and identifying optimal timing for addressing infestations in corn crops.

Development of Environmentally Friendly Protection Measures Against Pests and Diseases

The paper describes the monitoring of phytosanitary conditions in different regions of the Almaty region (Kazakhstan) and demonstrates the large population of cruciferous fleas (Phyllotreta cruciferae) on rapeseed plants, which reaches 7-9 spec./m2, exceeding the economic injury level (3-5 spec./m2). The disease is observed to spread on wheat and barley seeds. Proceeding from this, the study aims to develop effective protection measures against cruciferous fleas and to ecologize agricultural technologies using safe techniques and means of protection. The study uses methods of registration when monitoring the spread of pests and determining the effectiveness of the methods and tools applied. It is demonstrated that the treatment of wheat seeds with a protective and stimulating mixture using the preparation of bisolbisan 1 l/t + extrasol 1 l/t raised the intensity of crop growth to 94.2% compared to 70.9% in the control sample. High biological efficacy is noted from the use of actarophyte 1 l/ha mixed with extrasol against cruciferous fleas, the population of which after treatment is only 1 spec./m2 against 7.8 spec./m2 in the control case. The study also analyzes the results of releasing the Trichogramma ovipositor (Trichogramma) in the amount of 350 g/ha, Habrobracon (Bracon hebetor Say) at a rate of 500 spec./ha and green lacewings (Chrysopidae) at a rate of 1,500 eggs/ha to combat the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). This first known treatment of rape crops using a drone against cruciferous fleas achieved a biological efficiency of 95.8-96.2%.

Dynamika lotów omacnicy prosowianki (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim w latach 2020–2023 – pierwsze dane

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) is the most dangerous pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in Poland. In the north of the country, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, the pest appeared on maize for the first time in 2009. So far, there has been no information about the flights dynamics of this pest in this part of the country. In studies carried out in 2020–2023 in Tynwałd and Szałkowo, the flights of males and females of this pest was observed using a light trap. Based on the observations, it was found that the moths began to appear in the light trap from June 12, and their flight ended on August 15 at the latest. The maximum flights occurred at the end of the second and third decade of July. July was the month of greatest pest activity. During the research period, 142 moths were caught in the light trap in 2020, 245 in 2021, 224 in 2022 and 153 individuals in 2023. In all years of the study, the dominant sex was females, which constituted from 63.4 to 72.5% of the total population of caught moths.

Przydatność wybranych źródeł światła do odłowu motyli omacnicy prosowianki (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) w uprawach kukurydzy

European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) is the most dangerous pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in Poland. Since 2009, the pest has been present in all provinces. This species requires monitoring to determine the need and timing of non-chemical or chemical control. One of the most effective methods of observing the appearance of the species in maize fields is the use of light traps that catch males and females of this species during the night. These are precision devices. In the tests carried out, it was checked which potential light sources would be useful to create a mobile battery-powered light trap. It was found that fluorescent lamps emitting UV radiation, such as: Philips TL Actinic BL (Hg) 15 W, Philips Actinic BL (Hg) 15 W and Philips TL BLB 18 W showed good suitability for catching O. nubilalis moths. Of these fluorescent lamps, the Philips TL Actinic BL (Hg) 15 W turned out to be the best. The comparison lamp powered by high-power mains electricity (Osram 250 W mercury bulb) was the most effective but required access to 230 V electricity.

ABOUT MILLET CROPS PESTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The paper presents the analysis of foreign, Russian and national publications about pests of millet crops during their vegetation. Pests belonging to different families and orders dominate globally and damage millet crops during the whole period of their development: sprouts, vegetative (leaves and stalks) and generative organs. It’s established that corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) is the most dangerous phytophage of common millet and African millet in Belarus. In 2021 the damage caused by corn borer to crops at the milk-dough stage was 87,5–90,0 % and 15,0–34,0 % respectively.

Influence of maize hybrids and applayed insecticides on Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. attack

Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. is a corn pest that can do great damage to plants in some seasons. The aim of this paper is to study the resistance / susceptibility of hybrids to the attack of European corn borer and the effects of different doses of insecticides and time of application in protection against pests on maize plants, but primarily the influence of hybrids on attack intensity. The six maize hybrids of different maturation groups (ZP 427, ZP 434, ZP 555, ZP 600, ZP 606 and ZP 666) used for study effect of attack of Ostrinia nubillalis Hbn., on control variant T1 without application of insecticide and on variant treated with two insecticides Fobos EC (bifentrin - 200 ml ha-1) and combination of Match 050 EC and Nurelle D (lufenuron 50 g l-1 and hlorpirifos 500 g l-1 + cipermetrin 50 g l-1), 0.75 l ha-1) in two terms (in the first generation of insect flying T2 and T3 and in the second generation of insect flying T4 and T5) in three replication. The results showed the highest intensity of Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. attack and degree of damages on control variant and significant differences between treatments for investigated parameters. Observing all hybrids and treatments, there was no statistical significance between the six examined maize hybrids of different maturity groups. In the control variant, the greatest attack (damage) was in plants, namely in the hybrid ZP 666 (94.28%) and ZP 606 (93.90%) and among the variants of applied insecticides, the greatest damage was found in the treatment T5 with the applied combination of Match + Nurelle in hybrid ZP 555 and was 92.02%. On treatment T1-control variant without insecticides, the smallest attack with Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. was found in the hybrid ZP 434 (from 88.76%) and among the variants of applied insecticides, the smallest attack was found on variant T2 with applied Phobos in the first generation of insect in hybrid ZP 434 and amounted to 77.12%. The attack of Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. and variation of average mass of maize cob varied in dependence of maze of hybrids and variant of insecticides application.

Research Regarding the Ostrinia Nubilalis Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Attack at Maize Crops under the Central of Moldova Conditions, Romania

The Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. larvae causes attacks and production losses by feeding with different parts of the plant (stem, cobs, inflorescence). The insect is spread throughout Romania, the frequency of attack is, on average, between 30.3% and 70%. The importance of Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. attacks produced at maize led to the initiation of studies in 2017 at ARDS Secuieni with the purpose to establish the role of technological links in reducing the attack caused by insect larvae. The result obtained regarding the experimentation of five sowing epochs highlighted the high attack on larvae of maize sown in epochs IV and V in comparation with the optimal epoch. The attack produced by larvae at different genotype under the conditions of Central of Moldova, was between 28.59% (Turda 248) and 35.83% (Turda 165), compared with the average experience of 33.34%. Regarding the positioning of the attack on the plant, it is found that highest number of gallery were identified in the area under the cobs compared to the panicle area, where their number was much lower. The application of insecticides through treatments on vegetation reduced the attack of larvae ensuring the protection of maize plants, the variant treated with the active substance cyantraniliprol 200 g/l registered the lowest attack of 9.4%. In the variants treated with insecticides, the attack had values between 11.6% and 15.4% compared to the untreated variant, which registered an attack of 22.5%. In the period 2017-2020, under the conditions in Central Moldova, the sowing epoch and treatment with insecticides on vegetation significantly influenced the attack, and in terms of cultivated hybrid, the differences were insignificant.

Analysis of monitoring of maize damage caused by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) in Poland in 2006–2016

The increasing acreage of maize crops requires continuous monitoring and the search for new solutions to control pests. Damage monitoring was carried out annually (2006–2016), which made it possible to determine changes in the intensity of occurrence from year to year, as well as its spatial differentiation in the provinces. The greatest damage caused by the feeding of the European corn borer in the analysed period occurred in the southern part of Poland, mainly in the Opolskie and Podkarpackie Voivodeships. On the other hand, the years with the highest activity of the pest was recorded in the 2006 and 2007. Damage caused by the European corn borer feeding was compared with the mean annual air temperature and mean annual precipitation. The high optimum temperature favoured faster development of the pest. In contrast, local flooding or drought in the middle of the growing season hindered maize growth, resulting in reduced activity of the pest risk.

The effect of long-term Cd exposure on the content of reduced GSH and SH groups in Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn) larvae

The effect of long-term Cd exposure on the content of reduced GSH and SH groups in Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn) larvae

Leds and semiochemicals vs. sex pheromones: tests of the european corn borer attractivity in the Krasnodar territory

In two geographical points of the Krasnodar Territory, viz. vil. Botanika, Gulkevichi District (eastern subzone of the Central natural-economic zone of the Krasnodar Territory) and st. Kurchanskaya, Temryuk District (Anapo-Taman natural-economic zone) on industrial plantations of maize, Delta sticky traps supplied with various baits were tested for attractiveness for adults of the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. In contrast to sex pheromones, traps with ‘bisex lure’ (semiochemicals phenylacetaldehyde and 4-methoxy-2-phenethyl alcohol) or LEDs captured a considerable number of females, whose prognostic value was significantly higher than that of males. On maize fields near Botanika traps with ‘bisex lure’ caught moths almost at 20- and traps with LEDs more than 70-fold higher rate as compared to sex pheromones. On maize plantations near Kurchanskaya, where both the saturation of crop rotations with maize fields and the pest population is significantly lower, semiochemicals caught ECB moths at the same rate as sex pheromones, in contrast to LEDs, which attracted insects by an order of magnitude more frequently. The results of the tests indicate that the use of LED traps for monitoring of ECB is promising under the modern economic situation of expanding the territories intended for the production of corn grain.

Pheromone responses of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) from north of its range in Europe

The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) has recently become very harmful to maize in the North of its range in Europe, primarily in Belarus. Conventional pheromone-trapping methods however show very low effectiveness. Our electrophysiological study did not reveal any impairment in peripheral sensitivity, but flight-tunnel responses were low. The reason for such discrepancy could lie in breeding of the Z race of moth coming with maize from south with local populations of the pest.

RESEARCH ON THE FLIGHT DYNAMICS OF OSTRINIA NUBILALIS IN MAIZE CROPS UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL PART OF MOLDOVA, ROMANIA

"Maize is one of the most cultivated plants species in Europe. Throughout Romania, maize was present on 2.68 million hectares in 2019. As such, special care should be taken to protect these crops against harmful organisms and especially insects. In the current context of the climate changes that become more visible from one year to another on agricultural crops and also on the pest attack intensity, it is necessary to know the evolution of the pest European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. in maize crops. For this reason, the pest was monitored under conditions of the central part of Moldavia, Romania, in order to evaluate the adult’s appearance and the flight pattern. Number of adults of O. nubilalis collected during the study period 2018-2020 totalled 1652 specimens, of which 488 specimens were registered in 2018, 729 specimens in 2019, and 437 specimens in 2020. The flight of adults began at the end of May in 2018, respectively at the beginning of June in 2019 and 2020 and continued without interruption until the end of September each year. The flight curves of O. nubilalis were monitored in the study period, the maximum peaks were recorded at different times, influenced by temperature conditions and precipitation recorded in April - August. The flight of moths has undergone changes, it was interrupted by rainfall in June and July, the flight increased in intensity during August, in mid or the end of the month, when second peaks were recorded."

Alternatywne rośliny żywicielskie dla Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. oraz chrząszczy Diabrotica v. virgifera LeConte w południowej Polsce

Alternatywne rośliny żywicielskie dla Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. oraz chrząszczy Diabrotica v. virgifera LeConte w południowej Polsce

The influence of low temperature and diapause phase on sugar and polyol content in the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)

The European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) is a major pest in temperate regions of Europe and North America. Fifth instar ECB larvae enter diapause before winter and gradually develop cold hardiness. Here we investigated the combined influence of diapause phase and low temperature on sugar and polyol content in ECB larvae. Larvae in mid-diapause or diapause termination were acclimated at 5 °C, −3°C or −16 °C, and sugar and polyol content was measured using GC–MS. Control GC–MS measurements were conducted on untreated non-diapausing larvae. We detected differences in polyol (glycerol, sorbitol, myo-inositol) and sugar (trehalose, fructose, glucose) levels in diapausing versus non-diapausing larvae. Glycerol and trehalose were the most abundant of all analyzed cryoprotective compounds in diapausing larvae. Exposure of diapausing larvae to decreasing temperatures induced changes in polyol and sugar levels that depended on the phase of diapause. In mid-diapause larvae, decreasing temperatures induced a significant increase in glycerol and a decrease in sorbitol and myo-inositol. In larvae at diapause termination, polyol content was lower and less influenced by decreasing temperatures. In contrast, sugar levels were lower in larvae at mid-diapause versus diapause termination. Exposure of larvae to −16 °C induced a significant increase in the levels of all detected sugars. In particular, glucose levels were significantly higher in larvae at diapause termination following exposure to −16 °C. We propose that this shift toward sugar synthesis following low temperature exposure in larvae at diapause termination is a consequence of NADPH dependent polyol synthesis, and may be a mechanism for preservation of carbon reserves needed for post-diapause development.

Light-Trap Catch of European Corn-Borer [Ostrinia Nubilalis Hbn.) in Connection with the Sunspot Numbers in Hungary between Years 1959-2006

Light-Trap Catch of European Corn-Borer [Ostrinia Nubilalis Hbn.) in Connection with the Sunspot Numbers in Hungary between Years 1959-2006

New Data Regarding the Appearance, Evolution and the Attack Produced by Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. Species, at Maize Crop, under the Center of Moldavia Conditions

Pests are a considerable limiting factor in the production of corn crop. Their knowledge, but also the moment of occurrence and evolution in a certain area, is of particular importance in establishing prevention and control measures in order to limit the population under PED but also the harvest losses. Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. species was present and caused damage to the maize crop from the Central part of Moldova, for which reason observations and determinations were made regarding the evolution of the species, the mode and the magnitude of the attack. Observations and determinations made at the Agricultural Research and Development Station Secuieni, during 1993-2017 have demonstrated that Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. species is characterized as an abundant insect for the studied area, being present in maize, in all 25 years studied. The total number of adults collected in the light trap was of 8290 specimens, the highest catches per trap of 2818 specimens were recorded between 1993 and 1997 (first stage), followed by 1690 and 1683 specimens in stage II (1998-2002) and III (2003-2007), 1237 specimens in stage V (2013-2017), and the lowest number of 862 specimens/trap was recorded in stage IV (2008-2012). Based on the data obtained by collecting the insect by means of the light trap, the variability coefficient for the central area of Moldova was calculated and the flight curve made by the adults of the species Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. was established.

Seasonal variation in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. male number captured with pheromone traps and its connection with pest population

Seasonal variation in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. male number captured with pheromone traps and its connection with pest population

Trend of long-term estimates for host plant resistance to the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. in maize hybrids during ecological trials realized at the SPA “KOS-MAIS”

Trend of long-term estimates for host plant resistance to the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. in maize hybrids during ecological trials realized at the SPA “KOS-MAIS”