Osteopenia In Men Research Articles

Системний остеопороз та остеопенія у чоловіків із гіперурикемією

The article presents the results of own research on the study of the incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in men with different levels of uric acid and the influence of hyperuricemia on the mineral density of bone tissue. The aim of the study was to examine the structural and functional state of bone tissue (indicators of mineral density) in men with different levels of uric acid and to establish the incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients with hyperuricemia. Materials and methods of research. 140 men aged 50–80 years were examined. Determination of the level of uric acid in the serum was performed using the uricase-peroxidase method. Determination of bone mineral density was performed by DXA on the device «Prodigy». Results. It has been established that the incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in men with hyperuricemia is lower compared to men with normouricemia. When dividing by age groups 50–59 years, 60–69 years, 70–79 years in men with hyperuricemia, osteoporosis was detected only in the age group 70–79 years and its incidence was 14% at the level of the lumbar spine (L1–L4) and 14% at the level of the femoral neck (Neack Mean). According to the quarterly distribution according to the level of uric acid, men with the highest level of uric acid had the highest indicators of bone mineral density. Conclusions. Patients with a high level of uric acid have high levels of bone mineral density, so they are less likely to develop diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopenia, which indicates the protective role of uric acid for bone tissue and may be of practical importance when deciding on the issue of drug correction of hyperuricemia.

Association of Plasma Sex-Related Hormones Levels with Bone Mineral Densities and Risk of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia in Men and Menopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

This study aimed to examine associations between plasma sex-related hormones with bone mineral density (BMD) and risks of osteoporosis or osteopenia in men and postmenopausal women patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Baseline information on an ongoing cohort of 149 men and 102 postmenopausal women with T2DM in Xiamen, China were analyzed. Plasma estradiol (E2), total testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) were measured. BMD of lumbar spine (L2-4), femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osteoporosis or osteopenia was defined as the minimum T-scores of BMD of these three different sites of -1.0 or below. T2DM patients with osteoporosis/osteopenia (66.4% in men and 79.4% in postmenopausal women), compared to those without, showed significantly decreased level of E2 (75.3±28.9 vs. 107.8±25.9pmol/L and 18.4 (18.4-29.5) vs. 22.8 (18.4-40.5) pmol/L for men and postmenopausal women, respectively, both p-values <0.05), but not other sex-related hormones (including T, FSH, LH, or PRL). For all T2DM patients together and men separately, multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analyses showed that higher E2 levels were significantly associated with higher BMD T-scores in L2-4, FN, TH and minimum of these three different sites, lower 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) and hip fractures (HFs) estimated by Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score, as well as decreased risk of osteoporosis/osteopenia. As for postmenopausal women T2DM patients, E2 level was positively associated with BMD T-scores in L2-4 and minimum of three different sites but was not independently associated with risk of osteoporosis/osteopenia. Higher plasma E2 was significantly associated with increased BMD and lower risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia in T2DM patients, especially for men. Screening of BMD and estradiol levels as well as evaluating risks of osteoporosis/osteopenia are important for T2DM patients.

Incidence of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia in Men with HIV + and History of Kaposi Sarcoma: a Retrospective Study

Incidence of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia in Men with HIV + and History of Kaposi Sarcoma: a Retrospective Study

Do Endocrinopathies Differ in Most Prevalent Hemoglobinopathy of Middle East: Beta-thalassemia?

Repeated blood transfusions in thalassemia patients is followed by endocrinopathies as diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, hypoparathyroidism, and disorders in calcium and vitamin D homeostasis. The aimof this study was to evaluate the association of beta-thalassemia patientsendocrinopathies and osteoporosis. Serum level of some factors related tothe function of gonads, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas along with serumlevels of calcium, phosphate, albumin, vitamin D, and iron were measured.Bone marrow density was tested via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DXA densitometry). In this study, 56 patients with major thalassemia wereinvestigated. Paraclinical analysis indicated osteopenia in 17 (30.4%) andosteoporosis in 39 patients (69.6%) in addition to other types of endocrinedisorders, such as hypogonadism in 29 (51.8%), hypothyroidism in 13(23.2%), hypoparathyroidism in 1 (1.8%), hypocortisolism in 2 (3.6%), anddiabetes in 9 (16.1%) patients. Endocrinopathies had no significant relationship with osteoporosis and osteopenia in men. However, hypogonadismhad a significant relationship with osteoporosis and osteopenia in womenwith thalassemia. Estradiol level was lower in women with osteoporosisin comparison with women with osteopenia. Ferritin levels had neitherassociation with osteoporosis nor with LH levels (P&gt;0.05). Secondary hypogonadism disorders are the main causes of osteoporosis and osteopeniain female beta-thalassemia patients.

Osteoporosis and Related Health Status Among the Elderly Urban Residents in Elderly-Care Inns in Beijing, a Multicenter DXA Survey.

BackgroundIdentification of the high risk population for osteoporosis and timely prevention are the best strategies at present. Detailed epidemiological investigation in a well-defined population is necessary to explore the population-based characteristics and risk factors of osteoporosis, thus to facilitate better prevention programs.MethodIn this prospective cross-sectional study, 1423 questionnaires were given out to the urban residents (female ≥ 40 years of age, male ≥50 years) who lived in the 27 Elderly-Care Inns interspersed among the seven central urban areas of Beijing. All participants were voluntary and underwent routine physical examination and spine and hip BMD measurements using the DXA instrument. The study protocols were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (JDZX2015079).ResultsAltogether 1407 participants fulfilled the survey. Among 359 men, the prevalence of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal BMD were 18.1%, 56.6%, and 25.3%, respectively; among 1048 women, the corresponding figures were 40.3%, 42.8%, and 16.9%, respectively. After adjustment of age and BMI, both hands grip strength, height loss over 3 cm, serum levels of β-CTx, PINP, and OST were the independent risk factors for osteoporosis in both men and women; besides, familial Alzheimer’s disease history in men; and history of steatohepatitis and fracture, serum levels of PTH and ALT, age of menarche, age of menopause, and duration of menstruation in women were also risk factors of osteoporosis. In both genders, the cost-effective method, which adopted both hands grip strength, height loss over 3 cm, and medical history, indicated a good predictive ability to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis (in men AUC=0.730, 95%CI=0.642~0.817; in women AUC=0.769, 95%CI=0.724~0.813).ConclusionsIn the population of elderly Beijing urban residents in Elderly-Care Inns, the prevalence of osteoporosis in women is higher than that in men and increases with aging more rapidly; the prevalence of osteopenia in men is higher than in women. The cost-effective method, including both hands grip strength, height loss over 3 cm, and familial Alzheimer’s disease history in men; fracture and steatohepatitis history as well as menstrual history in women is recommended in identifying the high-risk subjects for osteoporosis.

Gender-specific prevalence and influencing factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Chinese rural population: the Henan Rural Cohort Study

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to describe distributions of the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis and identify the potential risk factors by gender in a Chinese rural population.DesignA cross-sectional...

Lifestyle Factors Rather Than Helicobacter pylori Infection or Estradiol Level are Associated With Osteopenia in Japanese Men.

Although decreased calcium absorption, decreased bone formation, alcohol drinking, and smoking have been considered as causes of osteopenia in men, the cause is unknown in half of the cases. Many reports highlighted the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and osteoporosis, mainly in East Asia and Japan. To identify relevant factors of osteoporosis in men, we examined estrogen and calcium intakes and other lifestyle factors together with gastric mucosal atrophy caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This study is a cross-sectional study design of 268 healthy men who underwent general medical examinations. Multivariate analysis was performed, with age, body mass index, smoking habit, drinking habit, exercise habit, estradiol level, calcium intake, and Helicobacter pylori infection and its associated gastric mucosal atrophy as the independent variables and the presence of osteopenia as the dependent variable. The adjusted odds ratio was 0.74 (95% Confidence Interval [0.29, 1.90], p = .531) and 1.31 (95% Confidence Interval [0.54, 3.21], p = .552), when Helicobacter pylori infection was positive without and with gastric mucosal atrophy, respectively. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric mucosal atrophy were not significant factors. Low body mass index, smoking habit, and low calcium intake were significantly associated with decreased bone density. In conclusion, Helicobacter pylori infection was not a significant risk, whereas low body mass index, current smoking, and lower calcium intake had a significant influence on the development of osteopenia in men.

Lipid Levels Related to Osteoporosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterizedby reduced bone mass, deteriorated bone structure. Various studies have tried to evaluate the association between lipid level and osteoporosis, but the results were proved to be controversial. The objectives of this study are to assess the correlation between BMD and serum lipid levels, to determine independent variables associated with osteoporosis and osteopenia in men and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). All participants of the study were carried out biochemical analysis of blood and the analysis of the lipid profile that included total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). Physical examination and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examination were performed. Multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate associations between serum TC and TG levels and the osteoporosis or osteopenia. The level of serum TG was directly correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine in all patients in multiple linear regression models. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, decreased level of serum TG was independent risk factor for osteoporosis(p=0.022) in T2D patients. It also showed that a greater BMI was protective factor for osteoporosis (p=0.019) and lower level of β-CTX was an independent risk factor for osteopenia (p=0.008) and osteoporosis (p=0.001) in T2D patients. Among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, the decreased level of serum TG might indicate a risk of osteoporosis. Further research is needed to confirm the finding and to clarify the contradictions identified.

Prevalence of osteopenia in men with prolactinoma

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in 30 men with prolactinoma, and compare them to 22 control subjects. BMD of lumbar spine and femur was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PRL, testosterone, estradiol, sexual hormone-binding globulin and free androgen and estrogen indexes (FAI and FEI, respectively) were measured in all the subjects. In patients with prolactinoma, mean values of PRL and testosterone were calculated for the 12-month period that preceded the study. The mean T-score of the four sites analyzed by bone densitometry was lower in men with prolactinoma than in controls (p-values: lumbar spine=0.015, femoral neck <0.0001, trochanter=0.037, total femur=0.036), and 55.6% of the former presented osteopenia or osteoporosis at one or more sites (p =0.035). The lumbar spine was the most seriously affected site, where 29.6% had osteopenia and 14.8% had osteoporosis. By the time of BMD determination, significant associations were found between BMD and PRL, testosterone, FAI, estradiol, FEI, and duration of hypogonadism. Considering the period of 12 months that preceded BMD evaluation, trochanter BMD was associated with mean PRL levels, while there was an association between lumbar spine BMD and mean testosterone levels. However, the multiple regression analysis showed that estradiol was the main determinant of BMD. In conclusion, men with prolactinoma have high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Bone loss in such patients is associated with hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadism, and mainly influenced by estrogen.

Classification of osteoporosis and osteopenia in men is dependent on site-specific analysis.

To examine the diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia in men based on bone density measurements at single or multiple sites using central and peripheral measurements, we studied 206 ambulatory, community-dwelling men over age 50. Bone mineral density of the hip, PA spine, forearm, and finger were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The diagnosis of osteoporosis based on a single measurement ranged from 1% using the trochanter to 39% using Ward's triangle. Twenty-one percent of men had osteoporosis if the diagnosis was based on at least one osteoporotic value at three central sites (PA spine, total hip, femoral neck). Among these men using T-scores provided by the manufacturers, 51% of osteoporotic patients would be misclassified as normal using the accuDEXA((R)) (finger), and 37% of osteoporotic men would be misclassified as normal using the PA spine. We conclude depending on the number and selection of sites there is considerable variability in the classification and misclassification of osteoporosis and osteopenia in men.

Osteoporosis and osteopenia in men with eating disorders

The occurrence of eating disorders and related deficiencies in bone mineral density are well established in women. However, we provide evidence that eating disorders are as common in men as in women, and are perhaps more severe.

Carnitine and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate induce protein synthesis in porcine primary osteoblast-like cells.

Age-related bone loss eventually leads to osteopenia in men and women. The etiology of age-related bone loss is currently unknown; however, decreased osteoblast activity contributes to this phenomenon. In turn, osteoblast proliferation and function is dependent on energy production, thus the loss of energy production that occurs with age may account for the deficient osteoblast activity. Carnitine and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), both of which decline with age, promote energy production through fatty acid metabolism. Thus, we hypothesized that carnitine and DHEAS would increase osteoblast activity in vitro. Accordingly, we measured the effect of carnitine and DHEAS on palmitic acid oxidation as a measure of energy production, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen type I (COL) as indices of osteoblast function in primary porcine osteoblast-like cell cultures. Carnitine (10(-3) and 10(-1) M) but not DHEAS (10(-9), 10(-8), and 10(-7) M) increased carnitine levels within the cells. Carnitine alone and in combination with DHEAS increased palmitic acid oxidation. Both carnitine and DHEAS alone and in an additive fashion increased ALP activity and COL levels. These results demonstrate that in osteoblast-like cells in vitro, energy production can be increased by carnitine and osteoblast protein production can be increased by both carnitine and DHEAS. These data suggest that carnitine and DHEAS supplementation in the elderly may stimulate osteoblast activity and decrease age-related bone loss.

Role of growth hormone and sex steroids in achieving and maintaining normal bone mass.

It is now established that adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency, of childhood or adult onset, have reduced bone mass. GH deficiency is believed to interfere with acquisition of bone mass, although an alternative mechanism is required to explain the reduction in bone mass present in adults who acquire GH deficiency after peak bone mass has been achieved. GH replacement increases bone turnover and may increase bone mass in the longer term, although short-term studies show a decrease in bone mass which can be explained by an increase in bone resorption before new bone formation occurs. Abnormalities of GH secretion have also been implicated in the development of osteoporosis, but the effect of GH treatment on bone mass in such patients is disappointing. Sex steroids have an important role to play in the acquisition of bone mass, and reduced sex steroid levels during adolescence have a deleterious effect on bone mass. The importance of sex steroids in the maintenance of bone mass is illustrated by the development of osteopenia in men and women with hypogonadism, and by the preservation of bone mass by restoration of normal endogenous sex steroid levels, or by treatment with exogenous sex steroid. Sex steroids also influence circulating levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor-1, and the inter-action between these hormones is likely to be important in the acquisition and maintenance of normal bone mass.

Bone mineral density of the hip and of the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the spine in men with rheumatoid arthritis. Effects of low-dose corticosteroids.

To assess bone mineral density (BMD) in men with steroid-treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure BMD in 40 men with RA, 20 of whom were receiving low-dose corticosteroids (< or = 10 mg prednisolone daily), and in 20 healthy, age-matched male controls. BMD was significantly reduced at the femoral neck and greater trochanter in both groups of RA patients, and at the spine from the anteroposterior dimension in the steroid-treated group. Low-dose steroid therapy may induce excess axial osteopenia in men with RA.

Bone mass and biochemical parameters of bone metabolism in men with spinal osteoporosis

With advancing age both sexes have an increased incidence of osteoporotic fractures, although fractures are more common in women than in men. Whereas in women several potential risk factors have been identified, less is known about osteoporosis in men. A total of 27 Austrian men (mean age: 65 +/- 2 years) with atraumatic spine fractures were studied. In all patients, medical history gave no evidence of disease or medications causing osteoporosis. Peripheral bone mass was determined by single-photonabsorptiometry on the distal non-dominant forearm; lumbal bone density was measured by quantitative computed tomography. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, testosterone, estrogen, parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D as well as 2-h-urinary-OH proline and calcium excretion were measured. All data were compared with those of an age and sex matched control group consisting of 19 healthy males. A significant difference in mean peripheral and axial bone mass (SPA: P less than 0.004; QCT: P less than 0.0001) was observed between osteoporotic men and controls. When compared to controls, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (P less than 0.012), urinary OH proline (P less than 0.05) and urinary calcium excretion (P less than 0.003) were significantly higher in the osteoporotic males. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary OH proline excretion (r = 0.32; P less than 0.04) in the osteoporotics. All other biochemical parameters showed no significant differences. Our results may lead to the assumption that osteopenia in men is related to increased bone turnover.

Osteopenia in Men with a History of Delayed Puberty

The effect of delayed puberty on peak bone mineral density in men is unknown. To determine whether such a delay reduces normal peak bone density and leads to osteopenia during adulthood, we measured radial bone mineral density by single-photon absorptiometry and spinal bone mineral density by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 23 men who had a history of constitutionally delayed puberty and 21 men who underwent normal puberty. Their mean ages were 26 and 24 years, respectively. The groups were matched for other factors known to affect bone mass. The mean (+/- SD) radial bone mineral density was significantly lower in the men with a history of delayed puberty than in the normal men (0.73 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.80 +/- 0.05 g per square centimeter; P less than 0.0002). Spinal bone mineral density was also significantly lower in the men with delayed puberty than in the normal men (1.03 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.13 +/- 0.11 g per square centimeter; P less than 0.003). Radial bone density was at least 1 SD below the mean value for the normal men in 15 of the 23 men with a history of delayed puberty, and spinal bone density was similarly decreased in 10 of the 23. Adult men with a history of constitutionally delayed puberty have decreased radial and spinal bone mineral density. These findings suggest that the timing of puberty is an important determinant of peak bone density in men. Because the peak bone mineral density achieved during young adulthood is a major determinant of bone density in later life, men in whom puberty was delayed may be at increased risk for osteoporotic fractures when they are older.