Osse River Research Articles

Ecotoxicological risk assessment of metalloid contamination in the sediment and benthic fauna of a tropical lotic freshwater ecosystem in Southern Nigeria

The increasing exposure of freshwater bodies to pollutants and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in body parts of aquatic organisms has raised concerns on the ecotoxicological and human health risk. This study evaluated the potential ecological and human health risk of heavy metal pollution in sediment and benthic fauna (Caridina africana) of the Osse River, Edo State, Nigeria. Using requisite equipment, samples of water sediment and C. africana were collected at designated stations from September 2015 to February 2017. Heavy metal concentrations in samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Result showed heavy metal contamination with concentration profiles of Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cd > V in sediments and Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd > V in C. africana. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) values classified stations 1, 2 and 4 as of low ecological risk (PERI ≤ 150), while station 3 (PERI ≤ 300) was classified as of moderate ecological risk. Human health risk assessment for heavy metals in C. africana indicated significant non-carcinogenic health risk (HI > 1), and high carcinogenic risk to human health. The consumption of the contaminated C. africana, which is harvested in commercial quantities, portends health risk to the general public. There is need for urgent action in the abatement and regulation of identified anthropogenic activities responsible for the release of these heavy metals into the Osse River.

WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF OSSE RIVER, EDO STATE, NIGERIA, USING SOME PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

This paper reports a sixteen month investigation of the pattern of variation of the physico-chemical parameters of Osse River from January 2003 to April 2004.Water samples for physical and chemical analysis were collected into a 250ml container and analyzed at the chemistry division in Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR). The methods described by America Public Health Association (APHA, 1998) were used for physical and chemical analysis. Seasonal fluctuations were recorded among the limnological variables. The driving forces for these fluctuations were the rainy and dry seasons.Apart from pH which was not significantly different (P>0.05), all other parameters studied where significantly different among the stations investigated (P<0.05).

WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF OSSE RIVER, EDO STATE, NIGERIA, USING SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS.

This paper reports a sixteen month investigation of the pattern of variation of the physico-chemical parameters of Osse River from January 2003 to April 2004.Water samples for physical and chemical analysis were collected into a 250ml container and analyzed at the chemistry division in Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR). The methods described by America Public Health Association were used for physical and chemical analysis. Seasonal fluctuations were recorded among the limnological variables. The driving forces for these fluctuations were the rainy and dry seasons.Apart from pH which was not significantly different (P>0.05), all other parameters studied where significantly different among the stations investigated (P<0.05)

Assessment of Physico-chemical Properties and Water Quality of River Osse, Kogi State

Water is the basis of life and means must be put in place to check its quality for domestic purposes. The river Osse is one of the rivers located in Kabba, Kogi state, and it serves various purposes for the residents of its community. Water samples were collected from 3 stations of Osse river namely; Okoro, Odolu and ABU. These samples were accessed to determine if the water is suitable for domestic purposes. The results of the analyses of the water samples showed that the river had relatively good quality as the dissolved oxygen (DO2) was within the international and local standards i.e. world health organization (WHO) and Nigeria industrial standards (NIS) respectively. The highest value recorded was 0.60 mg/l at station 1 in August and the lowest value was 0.18 mg/l at the same station in May. The highest mean value for the Nitrate concentration of the river was 36.47 mg/l at station 3 and the lowest was 26.12 mg/l at station 2 and this still falls within the standards laid down. TDS, chloride, alkalinity were in the range of 29-70 mg/l, 3.15-30 mg/l and 16-20 m /l respectively and none was above the limit set down by WHO and NIS. The pH level of all the stations throughout the study ranged from 7.4-7.9 meaning they were also within standards. The BOD highest value was 3 and was also within the tolerance range for pure water. The result shows that the River Osse was within the WHO international standard and not above the standards of the local set limits by NIS. Thus, making the river fit and good for domestic purposes. Keywords: Water quality, Physico-chemical property, River Osse, Biological Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen.

Principal Components and Hierarchical Cluster Analyses of Trace Metals and Total Hydrocarbons in Gills, Intestines and Muscles of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

The aim of the study was to comparatively analyze the interrelationships among iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and total hydrocarbons (THCs) in the gills, intestines and muscles of Clarias gariepinus collected from Osse River, Nigeria, between the periods of April, 2013 to September, 2014. The trace metals in the fish tissues were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, Philips model PU 9100), while total hydrocarbons were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC,Prominence Dual brand from HGE) equipped with a detector Shimadzu UV-Visible (UV-Vis Prominence SPD 20 A). The concentrations of trace metals and THCs in the tissues were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), in conjunction with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), backed up by correlation analysis (CA). In the most prioritized component among the hierarchies of contaminants, characterized as principal component 1, results of communality extractions and rotated component matrices revealed the order of contaminants was Mn > Cu > Zn > Fe > Cr in the intestines, Cr > Cu > THCs > Mn > Fe in the muscle, while Pb > Cr > Fe > Mn was the order in the gills of the fish. Iron inhibited accumulation of the other trace metals in the gills, where its threshold of essentiality was maximal. Noteworthy is the fact that Mn and Cu were the most active components in the muscle and concurrently of excess concentrations in the tissue, which is the major edible part of fish, and constitutes its main body weight, hence holds its nutritional and economic values. High level of variability which occurred in the toxicant profile across the tissues of C. gariepinus is a function of uptake route, varied organ functions and specificity of tissue permeability of the compared organs. The study demonstrated variability in organ accumulation capacity and toxicant’s competitiveness irrespective of bioavailability. The study provides data useful for future ecotoxicological studies and safety of consumers of the fish.

Comparative Estimation of Flow Rate Mediated Oxidative Stress Amongst Palaemonidshrimps

The study explored, examined and simulated some selected abiotic factors observed at biodiversity hotspots of Osse River, located in the tropical Rainforest, Edo State, Nigeria. The study was aimed at providing information required for sustainable shrimp husbandry. The research rationale was that the stress levels in shrimps are absolutely a function of flow rates and depths. Shrimp samples were caught from Osse River at night and early morning periods. The shrimp samples were identified, sorted, and counted. Stress levels impacted by abiotic variables such as regulated flow rates and depths were investigated employing Glutathione-S-Transferase, Cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase, Catalase, and Superoxide dismutase. M. vollenhovenii managed the stress the most, followed by M. macrobrachion. These potentials can be attributed to the relatively large and tough morphological characteristics and the animals. Proficiency of regulation of antioxidant enzymes in the animals must have contributed appreciably to the hardiness of the animals. Cultivation of M. vollenhovenii, followed by M. macrobrachion is very much achievable, with optimal results at flow rate of 0.1 m/s. The species have an appreciably wide spectrum of flow rates due to their ability to cope in slightly harsh conditions. The study provided vivid information on the flow rate of shrimp pond to support artificial rearing of the Palaemonid shrimps.

Water quality assessment of Osse River, Gele-gele: a tributary of Benin River, southern Nigeria

The physical/chemical characteristics and some heavy metals of Osse River, Gele-gele, Southern Nigeria was assessed during the dry and wet seasons. Four stations were studied from upstream to downstream with an average distance of 500meters between each station. A total of twenty-one (21) physical/chemical parameters were studied. pH ranged from 6.2-7.5, Suspended Solid 4-48mg/l, Turbidity 0-39NTU, Electrical Conductivity 20-110μS/cm, Alkalinity 8-48mg/l, Chloride 7.1-17.7mg/l, Hardness 8-56mg/l, Phosphate 0.01-0.53mg/l, Sulphate 5-33mg/l, Nitrate 1.2-9.3mg/l, Dissolved Oxygen 2.0-8.4mg/l, Biochemical Oxygen Demand 0.6-5.8mg/l. Heavy metals level generally ranged from 0.1 to 1.8mg/l for Iron, Zinc 0.0 to 0.93mg/l, Chromium 0.0 to 0.65mg/l, Cadmium 0.0 to 0.041mg/l, Lead 0.0 to 0.26mg/l, Manganese 0.0 to 0.082mg/l, Copper 0.0 to 0.059mg/l, Nickel 0.0 to 0.49mg/l. The mean concentration of metallic ions in Station 3 was significantly higher across the four sampled, with manganese, iron, cadmium, and copper responsible for this difference. Water Quality Index showed that all four stations had a range of 8.03-9.07. The concentration of the metals in the Osse river are within background concentration level, the mean Dissolved Oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand obtained indicate the water is rated between fairly clean and clean, and the Water Quality Index indicates excellent water quality. Thus, the water is presently suitable for domestic use, but its quality may deteriorate with time if the current rate of anthropogenic activities around the water body is not curtailed. Keywords: Water Quality, Osse River, Gele-gele

English

Stakeholder involvement and participation are essential in achieving sustainable integration and sound environmental management of protected areas in Nigeria. Involvement and participation of local communities in conservation and management of Osse River Park were assessed through administration of structured questionnaires while relevant State Government Ministries in Environmental and Nature Resources Management and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) were interviewed to complement the study. Although the local communities were observed to be involved at the inception of the Park, their participation in park management is presently low (25%). Accordingly, 70% of the respondent claimed that the government and NGOs invested more in environmental education, park protection and surveillance than in meeting socio-economic needs of the people. Small proportion of the respondents identified distribution of plant seedlings (20%) and intensification of conservation education (10%) as an urgent need. This result suggests the need to increase financing from the present 5 to 25% NGO's input in fund raising and the government's commitment in finance. The study identified improving stakeholders' relations, capacity building, and integrating community-based natural resource management as important. It was recommended that the ministries and NGOs engaged in environmental and biodiversity conservation which direct more efforts toward the development of sustainable practices that facilitate stakeholders’ participation in the integration process. Key words: Capacity building, conservation education, stakeholder’s involvement and participation, sustainable development.

Assessment of some heavy metals and total hydrocarbons in Clarias gariepinus fish of Osse River, Edo State, Nigeria

The sequence of the heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr) and total hydrocarbons (THC) in the water and tissues (gills, intestine and muscle) of an abundant and economically significant fish (Clarias gariepinus) harvested from Osse River were investigated from April, 2014 to September, 2015. Water and fish samples were collected from 4(four) chosen stations and were analysed for the levels of heavy metals and total hydrocarbons. The ecological risk of the study area and health risk indices of the fishes were assessed. Generally, accumulation of heavy metals and total hydrocarbons in the fish was gills > intestine > muscles (anomalous sequence). The sequence may pose some threats to the health of the consumers. Iron, zinc, copper, cadmium and THC showed significant health risk indices in the fish despite their insignificant ecological risk indices. Further in-depth study on the actual levels of risks to consumers is recommended.

The Abiotic Ecology and Prevalence of Palaemonid Shrimps (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) of Osse River, Edo State, Nigeria

Aims: To assess the relationship between the abundance of palaemonid shrimps and variation of the abiotic ecology of the river. Study Design: Factorial design. Place and Duration of Study: Osse River, Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. April to December, 2015. Methodology: Samples were collected between April and December, 2015; at night and early morning periods. All samples were collected from all stations on monthly basis to cover some part of rainy and dry seasons i.e. from April to December, 2015. Sex distribution pattern amongst the shrimp species and the ratio of male to female distribution for each species was analyzed mathematically. The sex variations across the stations were further analyzed using the Student’s Ttest followed by a test of homogeneity of variance using Bartlett’s F-test. The physical parameters of the water were assessed using standard methods while the chemical parameters were determined by using Hydro-lab water quality meter Electronic Probe, Hanna Results: A total of 397 individuals, comprising 138 M. macrobrachion, 168 M. vollenhovenii, 27 M. felicinium, 29 M. lux, 24 N. hastatus and 11 P. maculatus were observed in the study area. Availability of the shrimps was: M. vollenhovenii > M. macrobrachion > M. lux > M. fellicinium > N. hastatus > P. maculatus. This conforms to the observations of Adebola and Olaniyan [1] but at variance with the observations of Eniade and Bello-Olusoji [2]. Population of the female shrimps outnumbered the male in all the species captured. The depth of the aquatic environment had significant negative correlations with M. macrobrachion (-0.54), M. vollenhovenii (-0.67), M. felicinium (-0.77), M. lux (-0.86), N. hastatus (-0.92), and P. maculatus (-0.85). This implies that depth is a major factor which must have influenced the abundance of the shrimps in the river. There was a significant positive correlation between nitrate and numbers of M. vollenhovenii (0.69), N. hastatus (0.56), and P. maculatus (0.73). Results show that abiotic factors such as pH (6.7- 7.5), temperature (27.5 – 28.2°C), depth (24.5 - 121 cm), and primary productivity nutrients are the major determining factors to the survival of the palaemonid shrimps. Higher cultivability was observed in M. vollenhovenii; followed by M. macrobrachion due their higher resistance to variability in the abiotic factors, this might be due to their relatively higher adaptability to tough conditions. Simulation of the values obtained at Station 2 of the study area is quite feasible and may generate optimal results in shrimp aquaculture. Conclusion: Results show that Palaemonid shrimps are littoral organisms which are quite cultivable; particularly M. vollenhovenii and M. macrobrachion. They thrive under abiotic characteristics that can be simulated in captivity. Husbandry of the identified species in an artificial culture environment is quite feasible by consciously simulating the abiotic factors obtained at the most suitable location (Station 2). We however recommend further research into biology and feeding habits of palaemons. Result of this study has provided some information to support artificial breeding of the palaemonid shrimps for biological control of schistosomiasis and shrimp entrepreneurship.

BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY OF A TROPICAL RAIN FOREST RIVER IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

The composition and distribution of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna across a section of Osse River in Ondo State, Nigeria was investigated between February and July 2009. Among the physical and chemical parameters studied, flow rate was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in station 2 than other stations which were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from each other. The twenty-six taxa recorded were encountered in the four stations. Diptera accounted for 66.81%, Ephemeroptera (17.85%), Oligochaeta (5.95%), Odonata (5.03%), Decapoda (1.59%), Hemiptera (1.26%), Mollusca (0.17%), Trichoptera (0.64%), and Plecoptera (0.09%) were the major groups collected from the study stations. The familes Chironomidae (Diptera), Baetidae (Ephemeroptera), Lumbriculidae (Oligochaeta) and Libellulidae (Odonata) were the most dominant and widespread. The abundance and community structure showed significant variations (p < 0.05) between the study stations. A posteriori Duncan Multiple range (DMR) test showed that the abundance was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in stations 2 and 4 than the other stations (1 and 3). The Diversity indices revealed that taxa richness (d), Shannon-Wiener (H„) and Evenness (E) were highest in station 2 and 3. Taxa richness (d), and Shannon-Wiener (H„) were lowest in station 1. The impact of cultural eutrophication on the abundance and diversity of macrobenthic invertebrate fauna is reported

Zooplankton assemblage of a tropical rainforest river in Nigeria

The community structure of zooplankton of Osse River at Ifon in Ondo State (Nigeria) was investigated at four sites between February and July 2009. Among the physical and chemical parameters studied, flow rate was significantly higher (P 0.05) from each other. The study revealed the occurrence of 26 species of zooplankton, comprising 9 species of Rotifera, 12 species of Cladocera and 5 species of Copepoda. Rotifera accounted for 55.46% of the total number of organisms encountered, while Cladocera and Copepoda contributed 30.25% and 14.29% respectively. Lecanidae was the dominant family of rotifers, while the Sididae and Cyclopidae were the most dominant cladocerans and copepods recorded. The overall abundance of zooplankton was significantly different (P < 0.05) among the study stations. A posteriori Duncan Multiple range (DMR) test showed that the abundance was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in 2 stations. Diversity indices comprising Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener and Evenness indices were highest in station 3. The impact of cultural eutrophication on the abundance and diversity of zooplankton is reported. Keywords : Zooplankton, Community structure, Abundance, Distribution, Freshwater, Tropical River

Morphormetric Measurements Of Barbels, Head And Standard Length Of Catfish From Osse River, Nigeria

Measurement of sensory barbels of five catfish species from the Osse River was undertaken to ascertain the differences between the types of barbels. The five species showed the maxillary to have the largest proportion of SL. The differential rankings of the maxillary were Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffrey Saint Hilaire (41.58%), H. longifilis Valenciennes (36.05%), Malapterurus electricus (Gmelin) (23.60%), Synodontis nigrita Valenciennes (22.24%) and Chrysichthys furcatus Gunther (20.30%). The head – SL relationship was significant in all five species whereas the maxillary – SL relationship was significant in C. furatus, H. bidorsalis and M. electricus. It was the mandibulary – SL relationship that was significant in C. furcatus, H. longifilis and M. electricus, while the nasal – SL relationship was significant in C. furcatus and H. bidorsalis (P

Environmental Impacts of Oil Exploration and Production on the Macrobenthic Invertebrate Fauna of Osse River, Southern Nigeria

Environmental Impacts of Oil Exploration and Production on the Macrobenthic Invertebrate Fauna of Osse River, Southern Nigeria

Some Aspects Of The Biology Of &lt;i&gt;Papyrocranus Afer&lt;/i&gt; And &lt;i&gt;Xenomystus Nigri&lt;/i&gt; (Family Notopteridae) In The River Osse, Southern Nigeria

Specimens of two notopterids, Papyrocranus Afer and Xenomystus Nigri were collected from Osse River at Ikoro between December 2002 and August 2003 and examined for morphometric features, condition factor and food and feeding habits. The standard length of P. Afer ranged from 13.7-38.1 cm and X. Nigri, 8.3-16 cm. The mean condition factor of P. Afer was 0.96 and X. Nigri was 1.18. Generally, specimens of higher standard length had lower condition factor than those of lower standard length. A significant negative regression (P

Assessing the environmental impacts of oil exploration and production on the water quality of Osse River, Southern Nigeria

The concentrations of some physico-chemical parameters of the Osse River were studied to assess the impacts of Dubri Oil Company operations. Samples were collected between July 2000 and June 2002 from five stations: Station 1 and 2 (upstream), Station 3 (Gelegele Port/Oil Company site) and Stations 4 and 5 (downstream). The concentrations of these parameters in the river ranged from 26.1 – 33.7oC for air temperature, 25.2 – 29.1oC (water temperature); 38.0 – 225cm (Transparency); 2.3 – 58NTU (Turbidity); 42.5 – 520.20mgl-1 (TDS); 14.66 – 210.04mgl-1 (TSS); 57.14 – 701.50mgl-1 (TS); 5.55 – 7.91 (pH); 4.40 – 11.60mgl-1 (DO); 0.80 – 5.60mgl-1 (BOD5); 10.0 – 208scm-1 (Conductivity); 17.50 – 100mg CaCo3-1 (Alkalinity); 7.02 – 34.50mgl-1 (Chloride); 0.02 – 0.43mgl-1 (Sulphate); 0.04 – 0.73mgl-1 (Nitrate); 0.28 – 3.52mgl-1 (Phosphate); 0.18 – 19.1mgl-1 (Sodium); 0.11 – 6.2mgl-1 (Potassium); 1.11 – 9.62mgl-1 (Calcium) and 0.20 – 7.78mgl-1 for magnesium. With the exception of air temperature, transparency, turbidity, suspended solid, dissolved solids, total solids, biochemical oxygen demand and nitrate which were significantly different (P 0.05) in the study stations. The impacts of the oil exploration and production operations of the Oil Company on the water quality was negligible as all parameters were relatively homogenous across the study stations, and were below the WHO guidelines for domestic usage. The environmental conditions studied have been discussed in relation to the general water quality standard. Global Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 6 (1) 2007: pp. 1-14

Helminth parasites of some tropical freshwater fish from Osse River in Benin, southern Nigeria

Investigations into helminth parasites of freshwater fish from Osse River, Benin, revealed an overall 17.1% infection rate. Of the twelve species of fish studied, Barbus sp. had the heaviest infection rate (2.2%) while Xenomystus nigrihad the least (1.0%). Parasites recovered were the tematodes Clinostomum tilapiae, Clinostomum sp, Allocreadium sppand Diplostomum tragenna; the cestodes Polyonchobothrium sp. and Proteocephalus sp; the acanthocephalan Acanthogyrus (Acanthosentis) tilapiae; and the nematodes Camallanus sp; Procamallnus laeviconchus; Spinitectus sp; Spirocamallanus sp; Serradactnitis sp; and Spironoura sp. Nematode infection had the highest prevalence of 7.7% while trematodes recorded the least of (1.9%). A seasonal pattern of infection was demonstrated with a high infection rate in the rainy season months of June to November and a low infection rate in the dry season months of December to May. Tropical Freshwater Biology VOL. 8 1999, pp. 41-48 KEY WORDS: helminth parasites – prevalence - freshwater fish - seasonal effects.

Dynamique pluriannuelle des hyphomycètes aquatiques de l'Osse, rivière réalimentée du sud-ouest de la France

The Osse River is a plain river (southwest of France) fed by the Neste Canal flowing from the Pyrénées. From 1988 to 1993, 46 samples taken from the foam in the river have shown a great temporal variability in densities of aquatic hyphomycete conidia, especially during winter. In 1992, the winter maximum density, related to the latest leaf breakdown, was 1522 conidia/mm3, and the winter minimum, in 1989, 2 conidia/mm3. This variability was much lower during spring. The water temperature varied between 3.0 and 23.5 °C. Several species of hyphomycetes appeared as extremely sensitive to temperature variations, whereas no significant correlation with pH variations was found. The effects of floods on the fungal community varied according to the flood intensity and timing and to the composition of the riparian vegetation. The role of the species composition and the phenology of the riparian vegetation on the fungal community stucture and dynamics was discussed in relation to leaf litter decomposition. This paper emphasizes the need to take into account the flood intensity for the study of hyphomycetes dynamics and the significant role of hydrodynamics in freshwater nutrient cycle. Key words: aquatic hyphomycetes, temperature, pH, vegetation phenology, vegetation composition, decomposition, hydrodynamic.