Original Number Research Articles

The Resonant Principle of Creation and Structure of the Universe

A model of the origin and structure of the Universe is presented. It is shown that the laws of nature are identical and evident both in the microscopic world and the macrocosm. Already Pythagoras paid special attention to the unit as a sacred number in the language of mathematics, and D.I. Mendeleev assigned special importance to hydrogen, the first element of the periodic table, from which the formation of our solar system started; thus, as one is the origin of numbers, so hydrogen is the basic building material of all other elements. Hydrogen is a diatomic gas in the normal state. Hydrogen molecules can form complex associates of a much larger number of atoms under certain conditions, such as low temperature or very rarefied media. The stability (and therefore, the lifetime) of these structures is lower than that of an ordinary hydrogen molecule. Nevertheless, such clusters are common in natural environments, for example, in the interstellar space. Therefore, ab initio calculations of small hydrogen clusters were performed in the present work, and the quantum chemical method was used to calculate the entropy and frequencies of zero vibrations of hydrogen isotopes.

O conceito de número: repensando a organização do ensino

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões sobre os instrumentos didáticos utilizados para o ensino do número no primeiro ano de escolarização, apontando seus limites e elencando possibilidades. Neste sentido, realizamos uma pesquisa de campo que é exposta da seguinte forma: inicialmente discorremos sobre a investigação feita a respeito dos instrumentos e encaminhamentos metodológicos para o ensino do número, esses dados foram obtidos por meio de uma coleta de dados durante o primeiro semestre do ano letivo de 2017 em uma escola da região norte do Paraná. Tendo constatado as práticas escolares, recorremos ao estudo sobre a origem dos números, a partir do qual buscamos compreender a necessidade da criação deste conceito. Por fim, apresentamos alguns elementos do ensino do conceito de número segundo os princípios davydovianos, dentre os quais elegemos a reta numérica como possibilidade didática. Esperamos que este trabalho contribua para pensar a organização do ensino de Matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.

Infants, animals, and the origins of number.

Where do human numerical abilities come from? Leibovich et al. argue against nativist views of numerical development noting limitations in newborns' vision and limitations regarding newborns' ability to individuate objects. I argue that these considerations do not undermine competing nativist views and that Leibovich et al.'s model itself presupposes that infant learners have numerical representations.

Finding zero: a mathematician's odyssey to uncover the origins of numbers

Finding zero: a mathematician's odyssey to uncover the origins of numbers

UNA PROPUESTA PARA COMPARAR DIFERENTES EXPLICACIONES SOBRE UN MISMO OBJETO DE ESTUDIO

Este trabajo propone una herramienta teórica con la que es posible comparar diferentes explicaciones dirigidas a un mismo objeto de estudio. Esta herramienta se compone de tres conjuntos de virtudes: epistémicas, analíticas y pragmáticas. Para apoyar lo anterior se ofrecen dos estudios de caso, el primero compara dos explicaciones psicológicas sobre el espectro autista, el segundo compara dos explicaciones sobre el origen de los números desde una perspectiva empirista

Finding Zero: A Mathematician's Odyssey to Uncover the Origins of Numbers

Finding Zero: A Mathematician's Odyssey to Uncover the Origins of Numbers

A Study on the meaning and origin of number 'twelve' in old Chinese almanac, periodic, and chronical systems.

A Study on the meaning and origin of number 'twelve' in old Chinese almanac, periodic, and chronical systems.

The Origin of Numbers

The Origin of Numbers

On the origin of numbers

The swashbuckling adventures of Francis Galton sparked a hunt for the roots of human mathematics that continues 100 years after his death, Historian of science Michael Barany explains why

Editorial: the archaeobotany of early rice agriculture in Asia

Rice is the staple food par excellence of East Asia and themost densely populated landscapes of China, Korea, Japan,Southeast Asia, and South Asia. The origins and spread ofrice and the intensification of rice farming is oftenconnected to the development of civilization and ancientstates in many parts of this region (Gorou 1984; Bray1994). While it is widely accepted that China was anindependent centre of plant domestication (Bellwood 2005;Barker 2006) and rice was one of its major domesticatedcrops, the origins of agriculture has received less problem-oriented research than in regions like the Near East orMesoamerica. Much discussion of agricultural origins hashad a Western bias, focusing on the origins of wheat, or inAmerica maize, and research by Western scholars on theorigins of these crops.In Japanese scholarship, there has long been an emphasisplaced on the divergent traditions of agriculture, environ-ment and culture in western and eastern Eurasia. Onesource of this thinking is the early twentieth centuryphilosopher Watsuji and his concept of a link betweenclimate and culture (Watsuji 1921, 1961). Watsuji devel-oped a concept of Fudo (“climatic zones”), drawing adistinction between the environment, agricultural traditionsand nature of human cultures between Western Eurasia, thezone of mugi (the cereals including wheats and barley) andthe zone of rice and monsoons in Eastern Asia. Watsuji’sinference was that at opposite ends of Eurasia there havebeen long histories of different traditions of cultural impacton the environments, understandings of the environmentand subsistence. Indeed, the accumulated evidence ofarchaeology suggests that post-Palaeolithic trajectories inEast and West Asia were quite different, with varyingemphases on grinding and bread-making in the west, wherewheat and barley were domesticated, and more technologydevoted in boiling and steaming in the east where rice andsome millets were domesticated (Fuller and Rowlands2009). It remains the case, however, that our understandingof agricultural origins and plant domestication in East Asiais far less well-documented and understood by comparisonto West Asia, and the work represented in this volumecontributes towards increasing parity.The dispersal of rice farming is often seen as pivotal inthe population history of East and Southeast Asia and islinked to the establishment of sedentism and the spread ofmajor language families (Bellwood 2005). Previous syn-theses have more often been based on cultural historicalarchaeology rather than archaeological science, pots ratherthan the evidence of plants themselves. In recent years, agreat deal of new data and new ideas on the origin of riceagriculture in China and its diffusion through East andSoutheast Asia has emerged. This is due in part to thegrowth of systematic archaeobotany in East Asia, withflotation now being practised more often in China andKorea, where such methods were rarely deployed in theregion a decade ago. New genetic data have also forcedreconsiderations of the existing models of the number oforigins and trajectories of spread of rice agriculture. Newdebates about the number of origins and where they werehave emerged from genetic inferences (e.g. Kovach et al.2007; Fuller and Sato 2008; Vaughan et al. 2008; Zhang etal 2009; Izawa et al. 2009). Genetics is also increasinglyproviding information on the particular genes that underlie

Counting Subjects and the Origin of Number: Proliferation or an Infinite Unity?

Counting Subjects and the Origin of Number: Proliferation or an Infinite Unity?

The origins of number: Getting developmental

AbstractRips et al. raise important questions about the relation between infant quantification and achievement of natural number concepts. However, they may be oversimplifying the interactions that characterize actual development in real time. Though they propose a worthwhile agenda for future research, its explanatory power will be limited if it does not address developmental issues with greater sensitivity.

No effect of preferential digestion of chloroplast genome of male origin on chloroplast genome of female origin in young zygotes of Chlamydomon as reinhardtii as revealed by a video-intensified microscope photon counting system.

It has been examined using a video-intensified microscope photon counting system (VIMPCS) whether preferential digestion of chloroplast gemone of male origin in young zygotes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii affects the chloroplast genomes of female origins in number. To distinguish between the chloroplasts of male origin and the chloroplasts of female origin in young zygotes, a cross, that is, mt+ (gametes with normal chlorophyll, 137c wild type)×mt- (gametes with diminished chlorophyll, ac29a mutant) was prepared. The timing of initiation of the digestion of the male chloroplast genome differs among zygotes but usually occurs during 50-120min. The degrees of the preferential destruction of male chloroplast genomes in young zygotes were quantitatively examined using VIMPCS after 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenyindole (DAPI) staining. The results show that each gamete (mt+, mt-) has a cu-pshaped chloroplast including 7-8 chloroplast nuclei (ct-nuclei). Each ct-nucleus (mt-, mt+) is composed of 1-43 copies of the chloroplast genome (mean number, 10 copies) and female and male chloroplasts contain about 83 and 86 copies, respectively. In most zygotes, all copies of the chloroplast genome from the male gamete are completely digested during the first 40-180min after mating, while all copies from the female gamete persit till at least 4 days later when 7ct-nuclei have fused together to form one large ct-nucleus. This suggests that the preferential digestion of the chloroplast genome of male origin does not affect the chloroplast genome of female origin in zygotes.