Original Title Research Articles

Cross-modal recipe retrieval based on unified text encoder with fine-grained contrastive learning

Cross-modal recipe retrieval is vital for transforming visual food cues into actionable cooking guidance, making culinary creativity more accessible. Existing methods separately encode the recipe Title, Ingredient, and Instruction using different text encoders, then aggregate them to obtain recipe feature, and finally match it with encoded image feature in a joint embedding space. These methods perform well but require significant computational cost. In addition, they only consider matching the entire recipe and the image but ignore the fine-grained correspondence between recipe components and the image, resulting in insufficient cross-modal interaction. To this end, we propose Unified Text Encoder with Fine-grained Contrastive Learning (UTE-FCL) to achieve a simple but efficient model. Specifically, in each recipe, UTE-FCL first concatenates each of the Ingredient and Instruction texts composed of multiple sentences as a single text. Then, it connects these two concatenated texts with the original single-phrase Title to obtain the concatenated recipe. Finally, it encodes these three concatenated texts and the original Title by a Transformer-based Unified Text Encoder (UTE). This proposed structure greatly reduces the memory usage and improves the feature encoding efficiency. Further, we propose fine-grained contrastive learning objectives to capture the correspondence between recipe components and the image at Title, Ingredient, and Instruction levels by measuring the mutual information. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of UTE-FCL compared to existing methods.

A Study on Chinese Translation of English-Japanese Movie Titles from the Perspective of Linguistic Conformity Theory

Movie translation plays an important role in the dissemination of a movie, just like the trademark and promotion card of a movie. It not only needs to match the style of the original movie, but also needs to have commercial value. The quality of title translation directly affects the box office and audience attendance. This paper takes the 250 movies with the highest Douban ratings as the research object, and collects relevant data by constructing a database. Through the literature survey, it is found that the current Chinese translation of movie title translation is mostly studied from the perspective of Purpose Theory and Dynamic Equivalence Theory, but a systematic framework has not yet been formed, so it is difficult to solve the problem of actual title translation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current problems in movie translation from the perspective of linguistic conformity theory, including copying and reproducing, formatting translation, unclear meaning, and words deviating from the theme. This paper argues that the proposed title translation should truly and accurately reflect the core of the original title and more deeply combine with the local culture, with the intention of providing new perspectives for movie translation to improve the translation quality of Chinese titles.

The Analysis of Video Game Title Translation: A Case Study of Iranian Darinoos Publishing

With video games gaining popularity worldwide and becoming one of the most common forms of entertainment in the digital age, the game's title holds both commercial and entertainment value. This study aims to analyze foreign video game titles that have been translated into Persian by the Iranian Darinoos publishing. The practical analysis in the research study is based on Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) and Chaume’s (2020) translation strategies. Those models were applied to compare the translation strategies used by the Darinoos with the translation strategies used by participant translators and to identify the most commonly used translation strategies by both groups. The overall results showed that literal translation remained the most widely used translation strategies in title translation. The Darinoos team used new translation, partial translation, and modulation to translate video game titles into Persian in a more creative way than the other participants. In some instances, participants didn't consider titles to be translatable and used the original title in the target language. These obtained results will be benefical to journalists, video game publishers, content writers, and game localizers.

Exhuma: a Korean cultural paradox

ABSTRACT The Korean blockbuster film Exhuma (original title Pamyo) (2024) features several selling points that appeal to both audience and film reviewers. From these selling points, this review will focus on a dark side in Korean modern history: colonial remnants that should have been cleared away since the Liberation, but have still remained pretty much intact. Jae-hyun Jang, the director of Exhuma, approached the unresolved issue from the perspective of Korean shamanism, historically oppressed and marginalized, having lost its special function to help beings communicate, including human beings and higher beings. Chong-ho Kim (2003) calls the dominant ambivalence and complexity toward shamanism found in Korean society a ‘cultural paradox.’ The film Exhuma is an example of cultural paradox. It shows that clearing away the remnants of Japanese colonialism in Korea still has a long way to go, even 80 years after the Liberation.

Back-Translation as a Tool for Identifying Language Change

This study concerns the use of back-translation as a tool for identifying language change. This research is based on theories of back-translation (Baker, 1992) and language change (Campbell, 1998), focusing the use of this tool to identify shifts in language usage from lexical, morphological, and syntactical points of view. The original texts used for this study are the Indonesian novels Sitti Nurbaya (Rusli, 1922, ed. 2010), Sukreni Gadis Bali (Tisna, 1936, ed. 2013), and Salah Asuhan (Moeis, 1928, ed. 2013). The language used in these literary works is known as old Indonesian. All three novels have been translated into English: the first keeping its original title, Sitti Nurbaya (Fowler, 2009), Sukreni Gadis Bali as The Rape of Sukreni (Quinn, 2012), and Salah Asuhan as Never the Twain (Susanto, 2010). These English translations have in turn been translated back into Indonesian. The language used in these back-translated texts is present-day Indonesian, as used by speakers today. When the old Indonesian and contemporary Indonesian versions are compared, discrepancies may arise, even though the meanings of both texts are the same. These differences are considered to signify changes in the language. Our findings show that this back-translation method can be applied to understand changes in Indonesian usage. These include lexical changes, such as the word sebagai being replaced by seperti, or sekalian replaced by semua or seluruh; morphological changes, such as diobat changing into diobati, or menghinakan into menghina; and syntactical changes, such as the term suka kepada being replaced by suka.

The dark side of publishing: Unveiling the deceptive tactics of cloned journals in India

The study examines two lists of cloned journals (Group I and Group II) compiled by the University Grants Commission-Consortium for Academic and Research Ethics (UGC-CARE) in India. India has emerged as a hotspot for predatory publishing, justifying the reliance on the UGC-CARE list. The study explores the role of language as a tool for cloning legitimate journals and reveals that cloned journals adopt the English language to deceive and attract submissions. Additionally, it investigates the techniques used by cloned journals to modify their appearance and nomenclature. The results indicate that 40.47% of cloned journals maintain the original title, 42.86% make minor changes by adding terms like ‘international’ and ‘journal’, and 16.67% undergo major alterations. The study also examines the permanence and stability of the domains associated with cloned journals, finding that 52.50% of URLs were active and a significant number were inactive. Among these, the highest domain names include .com (commercial), followed by.org (organisation), as cloned journals prefer these to appear more credible and trustworthy. Furthermore, the study analyses the subject coverage of cloned journals to understand whether their focus is on specific disciplines. The findings reveal that they adopt a multidisciplinary approach to their deceptive practices. By providing valuable insights and raising awareness of how cloned journals deceive authors, this study serves as a significant step against these fraudulent practices. The main limitation of this study is that it relies on a single data source, the UGC CARE List India.

Poetic transcribbling: Ted Berrigan & Harris Schiff’s Yo-Yo’s with Money and Beaned in Boston

ABSTRACT In 1977 and 1978, the poets Ted Berrigan and Harris Schiff attended two baseball games, pretending to be game announcers and recording their repartee on a newly-released TCM-100 cassette tape recorder. The transcription of first game, between the Yankees and the Red Sox on September 14, 1977, was published by United Artists in 1979 as the mimeograph book Yo-Yo’s with Money. The second experiment, a May 26, 1978, Red Sox – Tigers game, was a ‘failure’, as Schiff puts it, and the audio recording was never fully transcribed. Using readings of tonal shifts in the text, an interview with Schiff, and archival material, including the Beaned in Boston tapes and Yo-Yo’s with Money’s original mimeograph title page and transcript, this essay examines Schiff and Berrigan’s self-reflexive process. I argue that the TCM-100 extends the qualities – immediacy, frequency, and ephemerality – which make the mimeograph so appealing as a production technology to writers and artists, and this moment occurs in anticipation of mimeo’s obsolescence. Furthermore, I suggest that these collaborative works can be viewed as ‘transcribbling’, a ludic form of transcription, enabled by this combination of tape recorder and mimeo.

Shadows of the Empire/A New Hope

Online news outlets have published a fair amount of journalism concerning Isabel Fall's 2020 science fiction short story, “I Sexually Identify as an Attack Helicopter,” later retitled “Helicopter Story.” Yet the highly polarized reception the story received has made up the bulk of the discourse. This is a tragic oversight, as the most interesting thing about “Helicopter Story” is not the online reaction to its original title but how the content of the story itself serves as an illustration of a dialectical history of gender in the United States. In Fall's story, gender is partially demystified by acknowledging the eradication of Indigenous cross-gender practices, racially imbricated plasticity, and the fusion of state and medical power that determines and shapes gender. Even so, some mystification remains. Gender is a reified social relation whose origins are an attempt to install binary biological sex. However, this reification does not result in the reinstallation of gender as ineluctable truth. Rather, it provides the opportunity for the expression of utopian desire, as theorized in the queer Marxism of Kevin Floyd or the dialectical literary criticism of Fredric Jameson, both of whom draw heavily from Frankfurt School theorist Herbert Marcuse when proposing that the only way out of reification is through. A proposed subgenre of science fiction, “speculative gender fiction,” is a literary form uniquely suited for exploring both the reification of gender and the utopian desire to escape from it.

Rethinking Resistance as Relational – Resisting Psychologization in Psychology: Lessons from Carrère’s Between Two Worlds

AbstractPsychology, and in particular mainstream positive psychology, is fuelled by discourses on resistance strategies, understood as the individual capacity to resist and adapt to negative and oppressive thoughts, circumstances, experiences, and social structures. This self-strategy of resistance is evident in positive psychology’s notions of resilience: grit, life-crafting, and job-crafting behaviors, for example. While positive psychology would have us believe these strategies are associated with overcoming hardship and living a good life, they risk imbricating people in their own oppressions. In this paper, we engage in a reading of Carrère’s Between Two Worlds (original title Ouistreham) (2021), a movie featuring multiple examples of resistance. The movie shows how precarious workers enact self-strategies of resistance to fight for a decent and bearable life. They persevere despite ongoing hardships, seek joy amidst tragic life events, and find meaning in menial labor. However, resistance also appears as relational and political, and thus escapes and exceeds self-focused psychological categories of resistance. Resistance appears as the refusal to be understood solely in individual and individualizing ways – as a psychologized and knowable subject – and is characterized by relational, contextual, and political tactics. The movie profanes established positive psychology’s individualist focus on resistance. This profanation of self-strategies of resistance affords an opportunity to rethink resistance beyond the individual and compels us to problematize the tendency to psychologize and individualize social phenomena. In doing so, our paper too resists the determination of psychological language (i.e., psychologization) and advances ideas for alternative resistances in, to, and of psychology.

Virginia Newhall Rademacher, Derivative Lives. Biofiction, Uncertainty, and Speculative Risk in Contemporary Spanish Narrative

With a very original title, which is indebted to economics studies as explained at the time, Virginia Rademacher groups together eleven titles of Spanish novels published in the 21st century which have in common their belonging to the category of ‘biofiction’. The book uses a methodology that is also original, as the subtitle states, in which three very different concepts, belonging to equally distant worlds, are employed. These three concepts are biofiction, the essential one, ‘uncertainty’ and ‘speculative risk’. The combination of them creates an interdisciplinary approach to a universe that is in principle literary but that extends its roots and consequences far beyond, to game theory and economic analysis. Undoubtedly, such a thoughtful title sums up very well what the reader will find in its 200+ pages.

INTRICATE GENEALOGIES: WHAT IS SAID IN THE EPIC POEM ABOUT NOGAY PEOPLE?

This article examines communication blueprints of the Forty Knights of Steppe epic poem (original title in Kazakh "Қырымның қырық батыры"). The Forty Knights of Steppe is a cultural heritage of Turkic nations. The epic poem’s text is an assemblage of ballads that are connected with each other. It consists of thirty-five ballads and depicts relationships of around two hundred characters. The epic poem's events have a historical origin that links to the Nogay nobility from the Golden Horde period. The main event in the epic poem develops around Edige and his descendants. The historical aspect of this epic poem positions it with the paragons of heroic literature such as "Shahnameh" and "Manas". The epic poem’s text was first fully recorded in 1942 in Almaty by Muryn Zhyrau (real name ‘Tilegen Sengirbekuly’) by specialists from the Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences. Unfortunately, the epic poem stayed unpublished for more than 60 years. The full text of the epic poem was published in 2005 after restoring the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This research discovers the epic poem by analyzing their network. It focuses on mapping and visualizing links between characters described in the text. The authors used the methods of text mining, proposition, and semantic triangles for assembling information about contacts between characters into the databases. The databases include basic information, such as the names of characters and their contacts with other characters. The databases also contain information about the direction of every contact, relationship statuses of contactors, contactors' roles inside of genealogical lineage, kinship degrees of contactors inside their genealogies, and contactors' gender. In addition, the databases include information about the connection of contactors to genealogies, and information about the contacts of contactors outside of their genealogies. All databases were built in spatial data analysis compatible format. The databases were launched through data visualization software by switching on the environmental settings required for this type of research. The authors used Gephi data visualization software for this research to visualize databases. The visualization shows an intricate communicative network that covers almost all characters. The visualization demonstrates two types of contacts between characters of the epic poem. The first type is a structured type of contacts. This type of contacts develops inside of genealogies. It is a common type of contacts in the epic poem, and it follows the hierarchical order. The second type is a class-based type of contacts. This type of contacts ties characters from different genealogies and does not correspond to the hierarchical order. However, this type of contacts depends on the characters’ roles and statuses inside their genealogies. Thereby, the second type of contacts is connecting different genealogies into whole network. The types of contacts demonstrate two levels of social communication in the narration of the epic poem. Considering the visualization results and according to the historical origins of the characters, the authors argue that the text of the epic poem shows the patterns of social communication typical for Central Eurasian medieval nomad cultures in the Golden Horde period. On the other side, the stratification into two types of contacts may demonstrate the levels of bureaucracy in social communication in the same historical period. The authors suggest that the social networks of the epic poem describe the transitional form of the chiefdom society with communication levels typical for tribal and chiefdom societies. In general, the paper's authors suppose that the example of this research on the epic poem’s communication structure may give more data to understand the correlation between language and society.

Translation Strategies of Book Titles from English into Arabic and Vice Versa

This study aimed to explore the strategies for translating book titles from English into Arabic and vice versa. To achieve the goal of the study, one hundred English book titles and one hundred Arabic book titles were collected and compared to their translations. The collected data were analyzed and investigated. The results revealed that the translators applied several strategies for translating book titles from English into Arabic and vice versa. In titles translated from Arabic to English, translators applied seven strategies: literal translation, translation plus transliteration, translation plus addition, translation plus modifications, transliteration alone, transliteration plus addition and adaptation. However,, in the titles translated from English to Arabic, translators applied eight strategies; seven of them were the same as in the translation of titles from Arabic into English. The strategy that differed is keeping the original title. The analysis also indicates that the highest percentage goes for the literal translation strategy from Arabic book titles to English (62%) and (51%) from English book titles to Arabic. The percentages of the other strategies ranged between 1% to 18%. Keywords: Translation, Functions of book titles, translation strategies, English book titles, Arabic book titles

TRANSLATION STRATEGIES EVOLUTION: ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL AND MODERN TRANSLATIONS OF NOVEL TITLES OF BRITISH ENGLISH LITERATURE

The peculiarities of translating titles of British novels are an extremely interesting area of research for linguists, given the influence of British literature and its importance for the formation and development of world culture. It is important to analyze the translation of book titles, because they create the first impression on the reader and play a decisive role in whether he or she will be interested in the book or not. The article is devoted to the study of strategies and methods of translating titles of novels in English-language British literature. In the work, we found that when translating titles, linguists use such translation transformations as literal translation, transliteration, addition, deletion, simplification, title replacement, specification, and generalization. We analyzed the evolution of translation strategies, namely the cultural context, marketing and publishing strategies, historical context, and personal style of the translator, which have a significant impact on translation decisions. We also defined the term “title” as the first sign of the text, which gives the reader an idea of the book, and also has the greatest impact on the initial understanding of the text and becomes the first step towards its interpretation. In addition, we found out that the main difficulties in translating titles of British novels are that the translator is faced with the fact that he or she has to convey the idea of the original English-language title, take into account the cultural environment, and also interest the reader at the same time. In the context of translating British titles, it is also worth noting that the translator often has to reflect the author's style or wordplay, and for this he or she needs to have background knowledge in many fields, experience, and the ability to choose a Ukrainian equivalent to convey the essence of the book to the reader in the way the author would have wanted it to be done.

The Music to Valentin Kataev’s Fairy Tale The Wishing Seven-Colored Flower in the Space of Russia’s and China’s Screen Culture

The present article focuses on music in the space of screen culture. It discusses the interpretation of Valentin Kataev’s fairy tale The Wishing Seven-Colored Flower [Tsvetik-Semitsvetik] that was presented in the following artistic projects: a) the short television film The Wishing Seven-Colored Flower, created in the late 1960s through the collaboration of composer Evgeny Krylatov, directors Garnik Arazyan and Boris Bushmelev; b) the animated film with the same title by Russian and Soviet director Mikhail Tsekhanovsky and Soviet composer Yuri Levitin (released in 1948); c) the animated film by Chinese director Cao Xiaohui and Chinese composer Lu Shiling (1974), whose title retains also a similarity to the original source title. In regard to Krylatov’s and his colleagues’ film, addressed to a children’s audience, analyzing the interaction between the musical component of the film text, the video sequence, and the verbal-plot sequence clearly reveals Krylatov brilliant talent, his professionalism in the field of orchestral style and symphonic dramaturgy, as well as the organic synthesis of his inherent modern thinking — one that is recognizable by his composition techniques, as well as the traditions of the Russian musical classics. In a similar way, Yuri Levitin’s music carries out a dramaturgical function when accompanying animate films, while demonstrating elements of contemporary compositional means (namely, the aleatory technique). Modern compositional techniques also appear in Lu Shiling’s music, making themselves present in the texture of clusters as the main elements of sonorical sound. However, in contrast to the work of his Russian colleagues, the latter’s music carries out a purely illustrative function in the animated film.

Медийно-публицистический контекст очерка А.А. Блока «Последние дни императорской власти»

The article examines the media background on which A. Blok’s essay “The Last Days of Imperial Power” was created, which was the result of his work as part of the Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry. Structural and meaningful similarity with the book by S.Ya. Streich “The Last Days of Nicholas II. Official Documents. Eyewitness accounts”, written in 1917, remained out of sight of the researchers. An analysis of the concepts of chronotope, beginning, architectonics is given. The documents presented in both essays are considered. The style differences between Streich and Blok’s essays are described. Streich is a publicist. Blok’s essay has the perspective of an art-documentary genre that will spread widely in the 20th century. Excerpts from Blok’s diary are given, in which what he saw while working in the Peter and Paul Fortress develops into sketches, and artistic images are outlined. A source is being established that A. Blok used when publishing a letter from Grand Prince Alexander Mikhailovich is being established. The origins of the original title of Block’s essay and the reason for its change are considered. A hypothesis has been proposed about the origin of phraseologism ‘old mode’. It is concluded that Blok’s essay was formed in an active information environment saturated with journalism, genuine documents and testimonies of contemporaries. Many works of this time echo meaningfully. There was a mutual influence — both materials and methods of their submission were used. But regardless of the direct influence of specific works on each other, the authors lived in a significant turning point, generating typological forms of reflection of what is happening.

Trends UGC and Engagement: Bibliometric Analysis

This study intends to analyze research trends in user-generated content and engagement on social media for the five years leading up to 2024 in response to the growing interest of firms and academics in transitioning to digital marketing. This evaluation employed a bibliometric literature review and analysis to chart the development of the field from 2019 to 2023. Two hundred fifty-four papers were obtained from the original title search results using the Scopus engine. To create and examine network visualizations of user-generated content and engagement trends, the data is exported in CSV format to the VOS-viewer software. Of the 61 research articles published, publications from the United States are the most numerous. A subseries of computer science lecture notes is accessible. The top publication source is Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, which produces three papers annually. The results indicate that five distinct groupings were created by merging countries' bibliographies. Social Media, UserGenerated Content, and Social Networking are widely discussed and popular subjects. Two primary shortcomings have been brought to light by this sector's research. First, there needs to be more testing or variation in digital marketing methods across various industries. Second, creating these models should consider user-generated content and social media engagement. Contributing to the body of knowledge on User-Generated Content and Engagement, this study provides academicians and professionals with a valuable analysis of research patterns and recommendations for prospective areas of study in the future.

Strategies for translating English filmonyms into Russian

The subject of the research in the article is the peculiarities of the translation of filmonyms from English into Russian. The methods of comparative, semantic and pragmatic analysis with elements of cultural and stylistic analysis are used in the work. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is based on the material of parallel English- and Russian-language filmonyms released over the past two decades. The obtained results contribute to the development of translation studies and the theory of onyms. Choosing a strategy is one of the most important decisions of the translator which is associated with the linguistic features of the filmonym and the cultural specifics of the translation audience. The closer the cultures of native speakers of the original language and the target language are, the more opportunities there are for using forenization, a translation strategy in which the translator strives to preserve the content and the form of the original title. Forenization strategy was used to transmit 25.34% of the English-language filmonyms of the sample, which is significantly inferior to the number of filmonyms translated according to the domestication strategy, which make up 69.34% of the sample. The high frequency of the domestication strategy is explained by the fact that using translation transformations allows overcoming such difficulties in translating filmonyms as discordance of interlanguage equivalents, mismatch of meanings of similar words, undesirable associations with precedent phenomena, dysphemisms, the emergence of meanings that disorient the viewer, untranslatable wordplay. In the examples that make up 5.32% of the sample, the binomial translation construction of the onym was used; the forenized title of the film is included in the first part before the colon, and the second part is a variant of the name adapted as part of the domestication strategy.

FILM TITLE AS UNIT OF TRANSLATION AND IMAGE-SENSE (BASED ON ENGLISH AND KOREAN)

Purpose. The article focuses on the study of film titles that we consider an integral part of cinema text from the point of view of its special sign nature. A film title gives the key to the subject matter of the film story line. The translator faces a number of challenges as it is essential to capture the semantic multidimensionality of the original title in order to transmit accurately the same vision, sense and tonality embodied in the original title.
 Methodology. The study is done in the light of the synergetic approach to film translation that emphasizes the dominant role of the image-sense and its influences on translation solutions. The polysemiotic nature of a film text should be taken into account while dealing with film title translations.
 Results. The image-sense is an integral unity that can be cognized only in the context of the whole as the essence of semiosis, unity of individual and general, creating an authentic image in a viewer’s mind. Image-sense is characterized by unpredictability and ambiguity that can be eliminated due to video image and the interaction of some semiotic systems in creating an integral entity. The research materials are film dialogues of Korean and American feature films.

Re: Is ChatGPT a qualified thoracic surgeon assistant?--A commentary on "original article title".

Re: Is ChatGPT a qualified thoracic surgeon assistant?--A commentary on "original article title".

Information Content of Media Internet-Resources: Analytic Review

The purpose of the article is to consider the concept of content as an actual term in modern information sphere and to analyse the information content of different types of media Internet-resources. The research methodology consists of methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalisation, observation, information monitoring, and diagnostics. The scientific novelty consists in summarising the existing and obtaining new knowledge about information content in media Internet-resources on the basis of theoretical analysis and practical research of popular media organisations represented in the digital environment. Conclusions. In today's media and digital environment, information content is an important element of an organisation's information policy. After analysing the regulatory sources, we see that the legislative framework for content in Ukraine is currently not sufficiently regulated. Theoretical analysis has shown that a significant challenge in working with content is the lack of a single definition of the term “content”. However, most researchers treat content as information content of any communication platform in order to meet the needs of users. In the digital environment, the key media for presenting information content are Internet-resources. It has been determined that the most effective channel and way to promote content is social networks, as they provide a wide coverage of the target audience. Today, a feature of the content are teaser headlines. They are a mandatory component of the media that seek to increase their audience and popularity. A properly chosen and original teaser title can help attract new audiences and preserve the existing one. The importance of the teaser headline for the media cannot be underestimated as it is one of the important factors in the successful functioning of virtual media. Keywords: information content, media Internet-resources, digital environment, social networks, information and communication technologies.