Original Moment Research Articles

An improved moment distribution method for the analysis of concrete frames

The moment distribution method is considered one of the easiest and most reliable analysis methods. However, little attention has been given to modelling the stiffness of each member separately, as currently only one factor is being used to model all structural members without taking into account the loading conditions and curvature of the member. This can significantly influence the results when modelling columns, since unlike beams, which are usually bent in a single curvature configuration, columns can be bent in either a single or double curvature configuration. This paper presents a new set of stiffness factors to model each structural member separately depending on its boundary conditions and curvature. To validate this modification, an example concrete frame was modelled and analysed using the structural analysis software ETABS, and then the results were compared with that obtained from the standard moment distribution method and the modified moment distribution method. The results have revealed a significant enhancement in the accuracy of the obtained results when using the modified moment distribution method compared with the original moment distribution method, especially the values of the columns’ bending moments.

Possessory stratigraphy: land title, dispossession and housing crisis

The myth that Indigenous sovereignty lives in the past is central to the lore of settler colonial societies. Sustaining that myth entails significant material and symbolic work, particularly organised around the recursive placement of the ‘original moment’ of dispossession and colonisation in the past to make the settler sovereignty that has been imposed appear legitimate and complete. This paper presents an analysis of the story of one public housing estate in inner Melbourne, Walker Street, that has been the subject of recursive dispossession and multiple enactments of displacement. We examine the history of title documents at Walker Street, tracing back and forward through time to consider how those land titles have come to be and the work they do to constitute questions of belonging and housing inequality on stolen land. The methodology we develop seeks to understand land title as a literal register of the ongoingness of settler colonialism to reveal how title documents affectively and materially underscore the myth of a thickening settler claim to territory whilst distancing Indigenous sovereignty: we call this a possessory stratigraphy.

A multi-criteria group decision-making method based on consistency of interval-valued distributed preference relations

In multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) with interval-valued distributed preference relations (IDPRs), the consistency of IDPRs is important to guarantee the rationality of IDPRs and the rationality of group-satisfactory solutions. In existing studies, the consistency of the score intervals of IDPRs was considered to ensure the consistency of IDPRs. Meanwhile, a comparison of the score intervals of IDPRs was considered to approximately compare the IDPRs. The transformation from IDPRs into score intervals involved in the consistency and comparison of IDPRs results in information loss and unexpected group solutions. To avoid the influence of information loss on the group solutions, this study proposes an MCGDM method based on the consistency of IDPRs. Six transitive rules were constructed and used to define the distributed transitivity of IDPRs, which differs from existing types of consistency because IDPRs are on a set of discrete grades. With the grade scores, an abstract function with two variables was defined, in which ten conditions were satisfied. Using an abstract function with the scores of the two grades as two parameters, the mechanism of combining the two grades in the two IDPRs was designed by following the principles of mutual independence and probabilistic operation. The consistency of IDPRs is then constructed based on the combination mechanism, which is theoretically proven to satisfy distributed transitivity. In addition, the mean of the odd-order origin moment intervals of an IDPR was used to compare the alternatives. Information loss was avoided from two perspectives. The ultrasonic machine supplier selection problem of a tertiary hospital located in Hefei, Anhui, China was solved using the proposed method to demonstrate its applicability and effectiveness.

A Trinitarian Reading of Gerard Manley Hopkins’s ‘The Windhover’

Abstract The rhetorical and emotional verve of ‘The Windhover’ reflect not the moment of stasis of Christ’s cross but the energy of Trinitarian interrelation in creation. Readings of the sonnet usually foreground the second divine person. Countering such a perspective, this essay rehearses the Scholastic theology and the Scholastically based faith that the poet took for granted in the original moment of experience and in the moment of composition, and so reads the sonnet in a more fully Trinitarian way. For Hopkins the energetic dynamic of love and relation within the Trinity is that into which he is drawn via the creation made through Christ, the Word (John 1:3, Col. 1:16), and as used here the energy of the sonnet form is his response to this. The Athanasian Creed and the ‘Veni Creator Spiritus’ are identified as neglected Trinitarian intertexts. Hopkins believed, in Ignatian terms, that Christ ‘labours for me in all things created on the face of the earth’; and so, in the poem, Christ works dynamically through the Holy Spirit, ‘the fire’ (l. 10) who is Love itself, the vector of bird–poet interrelation, engaging him with the windhover and awakening his delight. The sonnet is the poet’s open acknowledgement of the love of the Triune tri-personal God which greets him every moment in the humblest glories of creation.

Piecewise SOS-convex moment optimization and applications via exact semi-definite programs

This paper presents exact Semi-Definite Program (SDP) reformulations for infinite-dimensional moment optimization problems involving a new class of piecewise Sum-of-Squares (SOS)-convex functions and projected spectrahedral support sets. These reformulations show that solving a single SDP finds the optimal value and an optimal probability measure of the original moment problem. This is done by establishing an SOS representation for the non-negativity of a piecewise SOS-convex function over a projected spectrahedron. Finally, as an application and a proof-of-concept illustration, the paper presents numerical results for the Newsvendor and revenue maximization problems with higher-order moments by solving their equivalent SDP reformulations. These reformulations promise a flexible and efficient approach to solving these models. The main novelty of the present work in relation to the recent research lies in finding the solution to moment problems, for the first time, with piecewise SOS-convex functions from their numerically tractable exact SDP reformulations.

A Meteor Detection Algorithm for GWAC System

Compared with the international meteor surveillance systems, the ground wide angle camera (GWAC) system exhibits characteristics such as images with the resolution of 4K × 4K and single-site observation. These characteristics present challenges for meteor detection in the GWAC system. Consequently, this paper proposes a new meteor detection algorithm for the GWAC system on the base of the solely mini-GWAC system data algorithm. The new algorithm consists of the following key steps: (1) to compare differences between adjacent frames, applying block-based image binarization thresholds, and incorporating median filtering to reduce noise; (2) to adopt the probabilistic Hough transform (PHT) to identify moving objects and cluster them based on the origin moment of the line segments, while assessing the credibility of clustering; (3) to introduce the so-called maximum disappearance frame for moving objects in the tracking algorithm, enhancing the ability to track multi-frame moving objects. The utilization of the line segment inclination angle of the moving object as the direction of movement facilitates the tracking of multiple moving objects, thereby reducing the probability of mistakenly selecting single-frame moving objects; (4) to leverage the light curves of single-frame moving objects to select meteors to enhance the accuracy of meteor detection. Comparative experiments demonstrate that our proposed algorithm processes each frame image in just 0.39 s, achieving an accuracy of 89.8% in the dataset of 5856 adjacent frames. The experimental results indicate that the algorithm achieved an accuracy of 90.27% when applied in the meteor detection of the image data captured by the GWAC system from Dec. 10th to 19th in 2019 and 2021, obtaining excellent detection results.

No Borrowing Without Taxing? Fiscal Solidarity of Next Generation EU in Light of the American Experience

This article argues that the EU response to the pandemic, the Next Generation EU (NGEU), dubbed a “Hamiltonian moment” for Europe, can be better understood if compared to the US under the Articles of Confederation. The key aspect of the original Hamiltonian moment was the assumption of states’ debts after the Union was given tax power. None of this happened with the NGEU. The EU was not given any significant new sources of revenue, apart from some environmental levies, and was only allowed to borrow more on the financial markets to finance new fiscal solidarity mechanisms. In the US, this kind of borrowing power gave rise to monetary financing of the debt and enormous inflation. Instead of backing the enlarged borrowing powers with a fiscalization process leading to tax powers, the EU created a hybrid system of temporary, limited quasi-fiscalization in the form of the NGEU, which has legitimacy gaps. Simultaneously, the EU introduced enhanced fiscal regulation with conditionalities in the form of the new European Semester (an annual EU cycle of economic and fiscal coordination) tied to the allocation of the NGEU funds. Additionally, the EU has only promised to work in the future on various forms of revenue needed to pay the new debt. Hence, I will show that the NGEU could be better described as a “Morrisian moment” for Europe, as Robert Morris, the superintendent of finance of the US (1781–1784), was the very first finance minister of a similar kind of a union, with the power to borrow but no power to tax, governed by the unanimity rule in fiscal matters, which led to the failure of his proposals for national revenue.

Sustainability is not a thing: It's hard work! Recognizing the middlemen of operations and maintenance for feminist energy systems in India's Sundarbans

The work it takes to operate and maintain energy systems is essential yet often missing from public and scholarly discourses on energy transitions. Such discourses often reduce sustainability to a property of energy sources and/or technologies, thereby discounting the hard work it takes to sustain energy systems in the long term. Building on insights from feminist theory, the paper conceptualizes this work as care work – key to the reproduction of energy systems past the original moments of design and production – and considers the question of who cares for energy systems as having both social justice and sustainability implications. Informed by primary data collected during 15 months of fieldwork on an island of India's Sundarbans, the paper connects two separate conversations in ERSS: the first aims at exploring the gender-energy nexus; the second calls attention to those figures who mediate between energy technologies and users – the “missing middlemen” of energy studies. In India's Sundarbans, it is men who care for energy systems, yet their care work is devalued. Showing how the devaluation of middlemen's work cannot be abstracted from their identities at the intersection of gender and other markers of difference, the paper provides an illustration of what feminism can offer to energy studies. Animated by a political commitment to enact a vision of feminist energy systems, the paper seeks not only to advance scholarly conversations but to help imagine a different type of society – where the work of energy system reproduction counts towards achieving sustainable energy objectives.

A Comparative Study of Data Hiding Techniques for Different Image Categories

The study focuses on enhancing the perceptual appearance of shortened pictures that contain concealed content within them. It proposes a two-phase data concealment approach that integrates natural visual abilities to achieve this enhancement. The context in which this study is conducted is in intelligent capitals, where the Internet of Things (IoT) plays a significant role in gathering various sources of visual data for enhanced administration. When transmitting data over a public network, safety concerns are crucial. To address this, the study introduces a unique information concealing procedure for picture decompression using Absolute Moment Block Truncation Codes (AMBTC). AMBTC is utilized as a means to improve bandwidth utilization while satisfying safety requirements. By employing AMBTC, the study aims to maintain the original moments of the image while reducing mean squared errors (MSE) more effectively than with Block Truncation Code (BTC). The study also highlights the importance of being able to restore the original picture after data concealment. However, the amount of recoverable knowledge may be reduced, or additional knowledge might be required for recovery from the stego picture (the image with concealed data) to maintain the ability to revert to the associated stego image. The approach known as Least Significant Bit (LSB) is mentioned, which involves altering the LSB of images to incorporate digital hidden information into the host picture. This technique does not require additional information for restoration and recovery, but it may not fully restore the stego picture to its original state. In summary, this study presents a two phase data concealment approach using AMBTC to enhance the perceptual appearance of shortened pictures containing concealed content. The ability to restore the original picture is emphasized, and the LSB approach is mentioned as a means of digital information concealment.

The Ideological Origins of “Written” Constitutionalism

ABSTRACT: Americans have long argued that during the Age of Revolutions, the “early modern” world became “modern” thanks to a set of political innovations in the nature of government. Paramount among these was the creation of nation-states founded on the “invention” of written constitutions—beginning with the new United States, whose form of written constitutionalism served as a model for other polities. This article challenges that narrative. Building on recent scholarship on the coproduction of writing practices and state formation, it argues that the mode of constitution-making inaugurated in the aftermath of the American Revolution represented less a moment of origin than an ideological project of revising the relationship between document and statecraft characteristic of the early modern British Empire. Early American elites sought to portray the written constitution of empire as archaic as they defined their own species of written constitutionalism as an innovation, one they posited as the template for a normative form of the “modern” state.

Time to Lay the Man to Rest: On Gender, Trauma and Father Figure in Spider-Verse

‘Being Spider-Man is sacrifice.’ said Miguel O’Hara in the latest Spider-Man movie Across the Spider-Verse. As the theme of trauma and loss was revealed in this Spider-Verse film, the film has also brought up the pattern that was shown in every Spider character’s story arc across the spider-verse: they all have to go through certain trauma to become independent beings and discover their nature as a ‘hero’. In the original Spider-Man story, it is through the death of his uncle Ben that Peter Parker discovers that “with great power comes great responsibility.” In the spider-verse narratives, it is revealed that all variants of Spider-Man have a similar traumatic moment of origin. The pattern that through every trauma there will be character growth, however, is problematic when applied to the female characters in the Spider-Verse story. Although they do go through traumatic events, their voices echo the sounds of patriarchal ideology ---- Instead of following their own pathway of character development often substituting their own desires in order to repeat the pattern of the classic Peter Parker storyline; supplanting their own values ideas, beliefs and identities and replicating a spider-man made ideological trope. Moreover, these Spider-women are often operating in the shadow of patriarchy, with no strong female role models to guide them into an alternative way of being. In the 2014 Amazing Spiderman#08, Mayday Parker, daughter of Peter Parker forcefully goes through the trauma of the death of her father. Similarly in Spider-Woman, Gwen Stacy faced the trauma of the death of Peter Parker. But both of their development was influenced by society and father figures, which lead their development to an unsatisfying result ---- the repeat of Peter Parker. This paper will begin with the use of Helvie's trauma theory to examine the pattern of the classic Peter Parker storyline, followed by the close focus on female characters (Mayday Parker, Gwen Stacy) in the Spider-Verse comic line, and to see how they will eventually become the vessel that withholds nothing but patriarchal ideology under the influence of father figures.

Photoelectric structure and magnetic changes caused by niobium disulfide adsorbing (non)-metal atoms under defects.

The property transition between metal and semiconductor is the key to improving the properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The adsorption of the NbS2 compound in the defect state was adjusted for the first time. The hybrid system overwrites the original surface mechanism of NbS2 and induces indirect band gaps. This modulation mode makes NbS2 convert into a semiconductor and effectively improves the catalytic activity of the material in the system. In addition, the original local magnetic moment of the compound is concentrated in the vacancy region and is improved. The optical properties of the adsorption system indicate that NbS2 compounds can be effectively applied in visible and low-frequency ultraviolet regions. This provides a new idea for the design of the NbS2 compound as a two-dimensional photoelectric material. In the study, we assume that only one atom is adsorbed on the NbS2 supercell of the defect, and the distance between the two adjacent atoms exceeds 12.74 Å, so the interaction between atoms is ignored in the study. Adsorbed atoms include nonmetallic elements (H, B, C, N, O, F), metallic elements (Fe, Co), and noble metal elements (Pt, Au, Ag). The density functional theory (DFT) was used in the experiment. The non-conservative pseudopotential method was used in the calculation to optimize the crystal structure geometrically. The approximate functional is Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06). The calculation method includes the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect. The crystal relaxation optimization uses a 7 × 7 × 1 k point grid to calculate niobium disulfide's photoelectric and magnetic properties. A vacuum space of 15Å is introduced in the direction outside the plane, and the free boundary condition is adopted to avoid the interaction between atomic layers. For the convergence parameter setting, the interatomic force of all composite systems is less than 0.03 eV/Å, and the lattice stress is less than 0.05 Gpa.

Anomalous delocalization of resonant states in graphene & the vacancy magnetic moment

Carbon atom vacancies in graphene give rise to a local magnetic moment of origin, whose magnitude is yet uncertain and debated. Partial quenching of π magnetism has been ubiquitously reported in periodic first principles calculations, with magnetic moments scattered in the range 1.0–2.0 µ B, slowly converging to the lower or the upper end, depending on how the diluted limit is approached. By contrast, (ensemble) density functional theory calculations on cluster models neatly converge to the value of when increasing the system size. This stunning discrepancy has sparked a debate about the role of defect–defect interactions and self-doping, and about the importance of the self-interaction-error in the density-functional-theory description of the vacancy-induced states. Here, we settle this puzzle by showing that the problem has a fundamental, mono-electronic origin which is related to the special (periodic) arrangement of defects that results when using the slab-supercell approach. Specifically, we report the existence of resonant states that are anomalously delocalized over the lattice and that make the π midgap band unphysically dispersive, hence prone to self-doping and quenching of the π magnetism. Hybrid functionals fix the problem by widening the gap between the spin-resolved π midgap bands, without reducing their artificial widths. As a consequence, while reconciling the magnetic moment with expectations, they predict a spin-splitting which is one order of magnitude larger than found in experiments.

The Prehistoricity of Cinema: Werner Herzog's Cave of Forgotten Dreams

This article argues that Werner Herzog's 2010 film Cave of Forgotten Dreams both enacts and undermines a desire for origins that was characteristic of 20th century modernist discourse. I argue that the aim of the film is literally to embody the origin of cinema, as figured in the recurring motif of projected light playing across the darkened walls of Chauvet Cave, the earliest known site of prehistoric painting. Drawing on texts by Wilson Harris, Giorgio Agamben, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Maxine Sheets-Johnstone, this article demonstrates that the phenomenology of the film's cave scenes and of its archaeological reconstructions produces not a straightforward self-presence at the scene of origins, but rather an “anachronic” or split temporality that links an imagined state of primordiality to the contemporary moment in a way that eludes the problematic modernist criterion of psychological authenticity. By failing to produce an immersive illusion of prehistoricity, the film is constantly thrown back onto its own simple act of “monstration”, or showing, without any transcendental ground. Instead of revealing a moment of origin, then, Cave of Forgotten Dreams plays the shifting role of what I describe, following the art historian Whitney Davis, as an ever-displaced “Figure 1” in an imaginary history of cinema.

A Clutter Parameter Estimation Method Based on Origin Moment Derivation

Parameter estimation is significant to prediction and estimation in the field of radar clutter characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to study the problem of parameter estimation. The K-distribution is a commonly used model in sea clutter, which is a two-parameter model with shape parameters and scale parameters. The value of the shape parameters should be greater than 0. Moment estimation is usually used to estimate the parameters of the K-distribution. It overcomes the disadvantage of large computation compared with the maximum likelihood estimation method. However, the moment estimation usually uses two different order origin moments to solve the parameters. The joint solution of different order will cause large calculation errors, and sometimes the shape parameter is estimated to be less than 0. In the origin moment expression, the order k can be regarded as a continuous variable. By calculating the relationship between the k-order origin moment and its derivative, a parameter estimation method based on the origin moment derivative is proposed. The estimation efficiency and accuracy are compared with some moment estimation methods. Both simulation data and measured clutter data show that this method can achieve 100% estimation efficiency, can obtain higher estimation accuracy, and can also avoid the situation where the estimated value of the shape parameter is less than 0. Using the same idea to estimate the parameters in the two-parameter models, log–normal and Weibull distribution, we can also obtain the parameters with higher estimation accuracy. The experiments show that the higher-order origin moments are sensitive to the data, and the lower-order moments should be selected as far as possible. By selecting the appropriate order k, we can obtain ideal estimation parameters.

Свобода труда от древнейших обществ и до Нового времени

The article describes the history of development of the idea of freedom of labor from the times of existence of the Ancient Eastern states until the moment of origin of the complex of legal rules, which will form the branch of labor law in the future. The specifics of genesis and further evolution of freedom of labor are researched within the framework of the conducted work. In addition, the role of the considered subject and attitude of it in each of the indicated historical periods are characterized. In the conclusion of the article the author formulates the following periodization of the development of the idea of freedom of labor: 1) the period of denial of freedom of labor; 2) the period of contempt for freedom of labor; 3) the period of corporate restrictions on freedom of labor; 4) the period of absolute freedom of labor; 5) the period of rationalization of freedom of labor.

An efficient method for parameter estimation and separation of multi-component LFM signals

In this paper, an efficient and robust algorithm for fast parameter estimation and separation of multi-component LFM signals is proposed, which is suitable for processing overlapping and intersect LFM signals in the time-frequency plane. First, the key innovative idea of the algorithm is to use the fourth-order origin moment of fractional Fourier transform spectrum to formulate a reasonable search strategy for the optimal rotation order to achieve parameter estimation, and propose a step-by-step filtering technique for signals in the fractional Fourier domain achieve the signal separation we are interested in. Then, the proposed algorithm overcomes the problems of low estimation accuracy and large computational of traditional two-dimensional search and time-frequency analysis methods by virtue of good impulse characteristics and anti-noise performance. Different from existing solutions, the method avoid interference problems between multiple signals with close time-frequency distance, overlapping and cross components. Moreover, the error analysis of the linear frequency modulation signal is carried out, and the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the unbiased estimation of the parameters is derived. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method in noisy environments by comparing with traditional methods and existing methods.

Bearing performance degradation assessment and remaining useful life prediction based on data-driven and physical model

Intelligent health maintenance of bearings usually consists of two stages: constructing effective health assessment indicators and accurate remaining useful life prediction models. However, many prediction models are available only when many constraints are met, and the health assessment indicators may not be able to accurately track the performance degradation process of bearings. This study proposes a bearing performance degradation assessment and remaining life prediction method. First, the health evaluation index family (referred to as the generalized high-order moment coefficient) was constructed based on the generalized power mean and high-order origin moments for health assessment. Subsequently, an improved Paris–Erdogan model is proposed, which uses the optimal health evaluation index as input to predict the remaining life of the bearing after the initial failure. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher performance degradation tracking accuracy and a smaller prediction error than the combination of traditional statistical indicators and prediction models.

On the convergence of the regularized entropy-based moment method for kinetic equations

The entropy-based moment method is a well-known discretization for the velocity variable in kinetic equations which has many desirable theoretical properties but is difficult to implement with high-order numerical methods. The regularized entropy-based moment method was recently introduced to remove one of the main challenges in the implementation of the entropy-based moment method, namely the requirement of the realizability of the numerical solution. In this work we use the method of relative entropy to prove the convergence of the regularized method to the original method as the regularization parameter goes to zero and give convergence rates. Our main assumptions are the boundedness of the velocity domain and that the original moment solution is Lipschitz continuous in space and bounded away from the boundary of realizability. We provide results from numerical simulations showing that the convergence rates we prove are optimal.

Appropriating the Neoliberal City: Populism, Post-Transcendental Phenomenology, and the Problematic of the “World”

ABSTRACT In the work of Ernesto Laclau, populism is treated as a hegemonic challenge. Hegemony describes the usurpation of the image of society as a totality by a particular and underdetermined social imaginary. Seen through the lens of what Johann P. Arnason terms “post-transcendental phenomenology”, this concerns the way in which a society sees and experiences both itself and the world it inhabits. This article suggests that hegemonic social imaginaries are built into a society’s public spaces, and are in turn experienced by citizens moving through these spaces, meaning that the built environment is central to the development of populist imaginaries. The article discusses how the neoliberal city exemplifies the way social imaginaries are inscribed into the physical landscape by highlighting three moments in the city; the institution of a certain imaginary as dominant; its sedimentation within the urban fabric over time; and finally, the re-activation of the original moment of institution, which opens up the possibility for new beginnings to overwrite the imaginaries encoded in the city. These three moments describe how physical, built spaces make concrete the power relations and horizons of possibility of the hegemonic imaginary—making possible and encouraging certain ways of being while discouraging (and hiding) others. This hegemonic logic of occupying a public space in the name of a particular subset of the population is a not only parallel to the form of populist politics, but populist sentiment is—at least in part—provoked by the experiences of inhabiting these spaces.