Originality Research Articles

Acknowledgements for ‘Venous thromboembolism in Klinefelter syndrome: a clot in the knowledge?’

The author of the article on Klinefelter syndrome (Nov/Dec 2023;14(6):23–6) wishes to acknowledge Tet Yap, Beverley Hunt, Paul Carroll and the Klinefelter Multi‐Disciplinary Team at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, which led the original research work in thromboembolism in the UK Klinefelter population from which the content is based.

Естетична свідомість та емпатія в професійній підготовці майбутнього дизайнера

The article presents aesthetic consciousness and empathy as multifunctional constructions that interact and influence knowledge and understanding of art, solving problems of aesthetic experience, processes in personality development. The purpose of the article is the study of aesthetic consciousness and empathy, ways of their intersection in the professional training of a future designer. The study examines the intersection of aesthetic consciousness and empathy at the level of key theories of aesthetic perception, aesthetic experience, empathy, understanding of emotional states, emphasizing the peculiarities of human reaction to art and aesthetic stimuli. It has been determined that aesthetic consciousness goes beyond simple perception and extends to the understanding of emotions and the meanings they evoke. Empathy combined with aesthetic awareness provides an opportunity to engage more deeply with art, to resonate with it, which allows not only to appreciate the beauty and artistic qualities of the work, but also to interact emotionally with the aesthetic experience. The need for the formation of aesthetic awareness and empathy in the process of professional training of a future designer has been proven. The study describes the approbation of a new approach to the study of the theoretical material of the educational component “History of Art” of the bachelor’s training in the specialty 022.01 “Design” of the educational and professional program “Graphic Design” of the “Luhansk National University named after Taras Shevchenko” by studying ancient creative technologies and techniques of famous artists from further practical reproduction of these styles in their own creative works by students of higher education. It is emphasized that the students of higher education project their own emotions and experience onto the work, creating an individual, but at the same time deeply connected with the original idea of the artist. It has been established that the paths of intersection of aesthetic consciousness and empathy in the activity of the designer are defined in aesthetic perception from the position of emotional empathy. Under such conditions, designers are able to create expressive aesthetic images that have a deep emotional and intellectual content that makes you think, feel and empathize.

The Emergence of Edgar Morin's Complex Thinking.

Edgar Morin is more than 100 years old and has produced numerous original ideas. Complex Thinking is his approach to complexity and took almost thirty years to be written. He developed it based on many other thinkers but chiefly, we argue, on Wiener's Cybernetics, von Bertalanffy's General System Theory and Shannon's Information Theory. This article describes and discusses how those latter theories have been incorporated into Morin's thought, especially in La Méthode, his magnum opus, and presents, in a comparative fashion, his pros and contras on each of them. In our conclusion, we discuss how some of Morin's criticisms of the founding theories might be unjust and also present a summary of some judgmental appraisals of Complex Thinking.

Ugly Enough to be Safe from Kidnappers: "Pragmatism," "Pragmaticism," and the Ethics of Terminology

Abstract: Haack's topic here is the terms "pragmatism" and "pragmaticism," why Peirce felt the need for the new term, which was "ugly enough to be safe from kidnappers," and why he thought its ugliness was actually a good thing. What was the origin of pragmatism as a philosophical movement? When, where, and how did the word "pragmatism" get into philosophical circulation? Why does Peirce conclude, only a few years after he had taken his bows as the founder of the movement, that he needed a new word for the original idea? Who were the kidnappers he worried about? Why did he think the ugliness of this new word a good thing? How does this relate to his distaste for "studying in a literary spirit"? And, as always, what can we learn from all this?—a good deal, Haack discovers, about the state of philosophy today.

The International Labour Organization and Management Development in Argentina

This article explores how the International Labour Organization (ILO) introduced management development programs in Argentina as a pilot project in developing countries in the late 1950s. By studying how the ILO worked together with actors at the national level, the article reveals how the ILO’s original idea to focus on top management development was reshaped through a dialogue with local actors within the context of tripartite cooperation between the government, business organizations, and unions. While the initiative was successful during the project period, it collapsed when Argentina’s government closed down the national productivity center with which the ILO was cooperating. While the tripartite principle was valuable for the first achievements, it was extremely vulnerable without the support of all partners.

Constructing a Theory of Affective Stylistics in Modern Chinese Literature Based on Knowledge Mapping

Abstract Emotion stylistics is an important bridge to communicate the emotions of characters and the emotions of readers in modern Chinese literature. This paper extends the emotion dictionary based on the point mutual information in the SOPMI algorithm and introduces the emotion words into the emotion dictionary to calculate the emotion values of modern Chinese literature texts. Modern Chinese literature’s emotions can be visualized through knowledge filtering, knowledge fusion, and text classification modules of the knowledge graph. Multimodal theory is used to construct a theoretical framework that is dynamic and multimodal stylistic. The study focuses on the emotional intensity, tendency, flow, and visualization analysis of The Divine Eagle Warrior, a modern Chinese literature, as the research object. The results show that the emotional density of the original work is 0.107, the amount of both positive and negative emotions reaches about 3, and the maximum fluctuation of emotions in the whole text is 0.23. The results reveal the structural composition of emotions in the discourse of modern Chinese literature, which is of great reference significance for further understanding the nature of literature and constructing the theory of emotional stylistics.

Bioactive material promotes long-distance regeneration of optic nerve to restore visual functions.

Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China Correspondence to: Kai Liu, PhD, [email protected]. Received March 10, 2023 Received in revised form April 02, 2023 Accepted April 14, 2023 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Relationships. Art-affined physicians, gifted artist patients and the debate on art from a psychiatric context after 1945

In 1945 the artist and art collector J.Dubuffet coined the term Art brut for original works by psychiatric inmates that had been created outside of traditions and art movements. In the following decades these works were at the center of negotiation processes in which not only psychiatrists but also exhibition organizers, gallery owners etc. increasingly became involved. Based on the evaluation of four exemplary pairs of psychiatrists and artist patients (H.Müller-Suur-P.Goesch; M.in der Beeck-E.Spießbach; J.Porret-Forel-A.Corbaz; L.Navratil-R.Limberger), this study explores the field of tension between art and psychiatry after 1945. The results of the subproject "Normal#Crazy Art. Works from aPsychiatric Context between Diagnostics and Aesthetics after 1945" of the German Research Foundation (DFG) research group "Normal#Crazy" (FOR 3031) are based on the evaluation of archival material, estates, interviews with contemporary witnesses and contemporary media. It is shown that different attitudes of the psychiatrists towards "their" artist patients strongly influenced their entry into the art world. In this context, impulses from beyond psychiatry were important in order to expand purely diagnostic views of the works with other approaches. The renewed interest in the individual creativity of patients after 1945 can be understood as areaction to their dehumanization under fascism and National Socialism; however, the focus on the pathologized personality of artist patients could obscure alternative perspectives on their art, just as the disposal of their works by psychiatrists could hinder their dissemination.

Grand Prix de la Fondation de la Maison de la Chimie

Abstract The Prize is intended to reward an original work in chemistry, of benefit to mankind, society or nature. The Grand Prix will be awarded for the nineteenth time in 2024 to one or several persons, irrespective of nationality. It carries a monetary award of 35,000 Euros.

Was the Royal List Included in Manetho’s Work?

The author tries to clarify whether the list of Manethonian Dynasties which is present in Manetho’s material as rendered by Africanus and Eusebius (who were basing on the missing Manetho’s work) was a part of the original work by Manetho, or the epitomators compiled this list by themselves, extracting relevant information from various parts of Manetho’s narrative. Without special discussions, the second point of view is broadly accepted. The author supposes that this issue can be solved by comparing the list of Manetho’s dynasties in Africanus and Eusebius’ version with the parts of Manetho’s narrative that have survived in the quotation and retelling of Josephus and cover the times of the Dynasties XV–XIX. In the narrative, the kings of the Dynasties XV–XIX are listed in such an arrangement that their respective groups could not be identified as special segments (dynasties) into which the Egyptians divided their royal sequence, but would remain to be understood as members of one sequence without division into special segments who were only named in the interruptions filled by narrations of events. In addition, the narrative does not contain some important information about the dynasties that the list by Africanus and Eusebius preserves. Thus, Manetho had himself included a list of dynasties and kings as a kind of appendix in his work, and it was this that the epitomators reproduced first; from it, through the Epitome, the chronographs received their data about dynasties that were missing in the narrative.

Aḥmad Rażā Khān's Oeuvre

The Indian Ḥanafī polymath Aḥmad Rażā Khān Barailvī (d. 1340/1921)—the eponym of the “Barailvī movement” within contemporary South Asian Islam—is undoubtedly one of the most important and influential Muslim scholars of the last two hundred years. As an author, Khān was incredibly prolific, with over 670 works to his name. ‘Abd al-Mubīn Nu‘mānī, a contemporary Barailvī historian, has noted that 531 of these are original works while 148 are glosses or annotations. A little over 250 of Khan’s works have been published thus far; therefore, the bulk of his scholarship awaits editing and printing. To help shed light on Khān’s impressive scholarly legacy, I have attempted to provide a descriptive bibliography of 200 of his published writings, although there are many others.

저작재산권의 보호기간이 만료된 저작물의 저작인격권에 관한 쟁점

Recently, as the copyright protection period of famous characters who have been loved and popular around the world has expired, anyone can use them freely. For example, as the copyright of the character “Winnie-the-Pooh”expired in 2022, a startup film company created a low-budget film called “Winnie-the-Poo: Blood and Honey”, transforming the cute and friendly Pooh into the wild killer bear. As can be seen in this case, even if the first character is changed to the opposite to the extent that it undermines the reputation of the author, it is not possible to claim copyright infringement because the copyright protection period has already expired. However, if malicious distortions or variations that can continue to undermine the author's personal interests after the expiration of the copyright protection period are left unprotected, it may confuse the general public's trust in the character's unique character that the original work has held for more than decades, so it is necessary to consider ways to prevent it.
 Author’s Moral Right is inalienable, and in comparative law, each French and Chinese IP-related Act legislates that moral right is permanently maintained, but Korea does not have such a legislation as to the protection period of moral right.
 In this study, the possibility of civil damages or criminal punishment for moral right infringement after author’s death, especially the current copyright law stipulates offense indictable without complaint in relation to criminal punishment for violations against moral right after author’s death, and it is proposed to revise to delete offense indictable without complaint under the copyright law by comparing it with the crime of defamation of a deceased person under the criminal law.

K-pop 커버곡의 저작권법적 양성화 방안 연구

It has been observed that K-pop cover works are actively produced and shared on platforms like YouTube and social media.
 However, the act of uploading cover songs to platforms without the permission of the original copyright holders constitutes a violation of copyright law. In light of the objective of copyright law, it is considered more effective to resolve cover culture not simply through sanctions but by obtaining consent from the original copyright holders, thus enabling a win-win s ituation for both the original copyright holders and cover song users.
 The paper identifies limitations in the current copyright enforcement system, including the omission of certain rights from protection. It highlights the need for new policy agreements to address these limitations and suggests that, considering copyright’s exclusive r ig hts, t he u ltimate solution to c opyrig ht i ssues l ies in resolving permission issues between rights holders and content users.
 To address the identified legal gray areas, the paper proposes the “Cover License” system as a model for improvement. The Cover License system leverages the existing general user permission framework to enable original creators and neighboring rights holders to declare their desired profit-sharing ratios in advance and to manage the registration and profit distribution through a trust organization transparently in the public domain. It is expected that this proposal, by preserving the original intent of copyright law, will serve as a w in-win s trateg y, a llowing orig inal r ig hts holders and cover song creators to share profits through a small transaction cost and extend the lifespan of original works.

Why Can’t Saint Victorinus of Poetovio Be the Author of the Homily “On the Ten Virgins”?

The early Christian homily «On the ten virgins» for over 100 years has been a controversial work, since no strong argument has been presented by any scholar in favor of who is its author. The first group of researchers (for example, A. Wilmart, M. Špelič, M. Veronese and P. K. Dobrotsvetov) believes that its author is St. Victorinus of Poetovio, the first Latin interpreter of Holy Scripture. The second group of researchers (for example, A. Wlosok, M. Dulaey, R. Gryson and N. A. Khandoga) ascribes it to Pseudo-Victorinus of Poetovio, an unknown Latin exegete of the Gospel of Matthew. Proceeding from this, the article makes an attempt at a theological and philological analysis of several quotes from the homily «On the ten virgins» and the original works of St. Victorinus of Poetovio — the treatise «On the creation of the world», the fragment «On the life of Christ» and the interpretation of «On Revelation» — in order to identify the author of the homily. Important points in the answer to the question in the title in the article, becomes сhristology, eschatology and symbolic arrhythmology, since there is not a single one of the original works of Victorinus of Poetovio in which they are not given appropriate attention. However, in the homily «On the ten virgins» these theological themes are not adequately addressed.

A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SUBCONSCIOUS COPYING DOCTRINE

The copyright law's notion of subconscious copying has generated a great deal of discussion and controversy. The concept of subconscious copying is evaluated critically in this article, which also explores the key arguments for and against it. The philosophy is essentially based on the notion that people may unintentionally produce works that are strikingly similar to works that already exist due to subconscious influences. Inconsistencies in court rulings result from variations in the doctrine's application and interpretation across various legal systems. 
 The article highlights the standards that courts apply to assess whether subconscious copying has taken place and explores significant court judgments that have developed the notion of subconscious copying. While some courts place a strong emphasis on the availability of the original work and the degree of likeness, other courts value time distance as a crucial consideration. The article also contrasts the techniques taken by various legal systems, including the strict liability system in the US and the necessity of a causal connection in the UK and Canada.
 In conclusion, the notion of subconscious copying is still a complicated and divisive topic in copyright law. Although it makes an effort to overcome the difficulties caused by unintentional impacts on creativity, its application and justification face considerable difficulties. The article advocates for a fair strategy that takes into account the needs of both the public and intellectual property rights' integrity.

Dangdut Koplo as a Manifestation of Popular Culture In Indonesia

One of the original works of Indonesians is dangdut music, more specifically, dangdut koplo. Dangdut music continues to grow, and the coming of dangdut koplo is accompanied by the human invention of information and communication technology, namely social media. This technology has succeeded in having a positive impact on the work of the nation, namely spreading dangdut koplo to all corners of the islands and even to the corners of the world. The objective of this simple piece of writing is to highlight a popular culture that occurs in Indonesia. One of the results of human thought, especially that of the people of East Java, in terms of art, especially music, can be a type of music that is light, pleasing to the ear, favored by people of all ages, strata, and social statuses, is able to eliminate all kinds of barriers in society, and can be an alternative form of entertainment. The objective of the study is to describe a new culture which emerged from the grassroot but it attracts international attention. The method used is the observation of communication phenomena that occur in society and literature study, which are then linked into propositions that can be used as subjects for the development of the scientific repertoire of culture and communication. It can be concluded that the emergence of dangdut koplo is clear evidence that everyone can produce a work that can be enjoyed by many people and can become a new culture in society that does not discredit previous works but instead strengthens and perfects previous great works.

NARRATIVE TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES AND AUGUSTE DUPIN IN A CROSSOVER FANFICTION PARACOSM

Narrative technique refers to writers' methods and devices used to tell their stories. Understanding writers' processes and devices to convey their stories is crucial for analyzing and appreciating the arts. However, studying narrative techniques can be complex and requires close attention to detail. This study aims to explain what narrative techniques applied in the crossover fanfiction of Sherlock Holmes and Auguste Dupin to investigate how the narrative form generates impacts on losses and gains of the characterization of Sherlock Holmes and Auguste Dupin in references to their canons and to reveal why the characterization of Sherlock Holmes and Auguste Dupin in the crossover fanfiction are different from their canon. This research uses qualitative methods because the data are in the form of text taken from crossover fanfiction Paracosm (2016) by BiancaAparo. The data are analyzed using Gerald Genette’s narrative techniques. The result of this study showed that the dominant data of narrative techniques applied in Paracosm is narrative mood, which loses their characterization. Narrative mood relates to the position or position of the author, narrator, and characters in a story. That is why the narrative mood is mainly found along with the research objects, the main characters in this fanfiction, Sherlock Holmes and Auguste Dupin. It shows that the two characters have an impact, causing losses of their characteristic. Yet, that does not prevent any gain of the characteristic based on the characters in the original work. Thus, fanfiction can be different from the canon because it is written by different author with different biographical and social elements.

Hicvi Ortaya Çıkarmak: D. M. Andrews’ün Pied and Prodigious Romanında Parodiyi İncelemek

In Pied and Prodigious, D. M. Andrews explicitly highlights that his novel is a parody of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and even apologizes to her for crafting such a novel. The author occasionally changes a few words in Jane Austen’s sentences while retaining the same syntax, thereby changing the meaning. He further adds symbolic elements, like pied coats and tall hats, to satirize the values of the Regency era in British history, thus both mocking the era and adding comedic elements into his narrative through stock characters, whose exaggerated characteristics are ridiculed. By exaggerating the basic characteristics of Austen’s characters, such as turning Elizabeth into Lizzy, a prodigy with extraordinary abilities and Mr Darcy into Mr Dicey, whose arrogance is magnified with his sense of fashion, Andrews takes a humorous approach. Although the literary genre of parody was historically disregarded due to doubts related to its value and originality, parody has recently been recognized as a unique genre that can offer fresh insights into the original works.

Literasi Digital Siswa : Studi Deskriptif pada Pembelajaran Biologi di SMA

Understanding of complex biology material requires students' ability to select, process, interpret, and evaluate information from various sources on the internet, so that digital literacy is needed by students. This study aims to find out how students' digital literacy abilities are in biology learning at school. This research is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study were all students of SMA Negeri 11 Makassar, while the research sample consisted of 105 students selected by random sampling. The research instrument used was a student digital literacy questionnaire consisting of 24 statement items with five answer choices, namely strongly disagree (STS), disagree (TS), have no opinion (TB), agree (S), and strongly agree (SS). Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to students using Google Forms. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive analysis by making percentages which were then interpreted based on the percentage categories of students' digital literacy scores. The research results show the percentage of each student digital literacy indicator, namely the finds indicator is 42,54% in the medium category, the use multiple sources indicator is 40,95% in the medium category, the selects indicator is 36,76% in the low category, the evaluates indicator is 35% in the low category, the considers source, message effect indicator is 34,7% in the low category, and the uses to produce original work indicator is 36,1% in the low category. The average percentage of students' digital literacy for all indicators is 37,68%, which shows that students' digital literacy in biology learning is in the low category.

Comparative analysis of aesthetic and functional aspects of design approaches in the context of contemporary art

Russian aggression against Ukraine has generated global interest in Ukrainian brands. This study analyzes and compares existing folk design approaches in Ukrainian art. The purpose of the article is to analyze and compare existing popular design approaches in Ukrainian art. Methods: theoretical research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, content analysis of scientific literature, and the axiological method, are primarily used. The results showed that Ukrainian art is revealed through various design approaches that help creative people to express ideas, convey emotions, and contribute to the development of culture. In particular, the current direction is ethnodesign, which promotes the maintenance of traditions and national identity, ecological design is aimed at sustainable development, the technological design integrates modern technologies into art, and emotional design attracts and makes art personal for each viewer. Scientific novelty: it is proven that Ukrainian designers are looking for new approaches, using motifs of folk art and synthesizing Ukrainian color, models, and patterns to create original works of clothing, architecture, brands. The conclusions emphasize that ecological design, technological design, and emotional design are promising directions for the development of design approaches, which will become important in the future.