Original English Questionnaire Research Articles

Validation of Polish-Language Questionnaires for Assessing the Quality of Life of Patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD-QOL).

In recent years, questionnaires were published in English to assess the quality of life of patients with PCD (Primary Ciliary Diskinesia) for adults, adolescents aged 13-17 years, and children aged 6-12 years and their caregivers. This study aimed to prepare Polish versions of the questionnaires and validate them in specific age groups with the participation of Polish patients with PCD. The individual questionnaires were translated and discussed with the involvement of the creator of the original questionnaire in English. Patients completed the questionnaires according to their affiliation with one of the groups. Validation was based on internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient-ICC). The internal consistency of all questionnaires was from moderate to very good (Cronbach's alpha 0.67-0.91, split-half reliability 0.53-0.95). The consistency of the measurements showed excellent repeatability (ICC 0.67-0.91). The surveyed Polish PCD patients rated their quality of life quite well (63-77%). QOL questionnaires for patients with PCD can be used routinely during each medical check-up as a simple tool to provide the doctor with an indication of the effectiveness of treatment and the impact of the disease on the patient's quality of life.

Appraising social class dimensions on learning motivation of Iranian students: Family studies and their status in focus Azar Bagheri

Educators have widely accepted motivation as an important factor influencing the success of the second/foreign language learning process. Among many factors affecting the language learners’ motivation, the role of families and their social class have been considered as the main variables of this study. The present study aimed to explore the effect of social class dimensions on learning motivation, focusing on Vygotsky and Gardner’s theories. More specifically, the study tried to investigate the impact of social class dimensions, i.e., parental job, income, and education level on English learning motivation of some high school students in Kerman, Iran. In doing so, 400 teenage students were selected based on the available sampling method. The data were collected through a related two-part questionnaire developed by Gardner (2006). The original English questionnaire was translated into Persian and the researchers checked the reliability and validity. The collected data were inserted to SPSS software version 24 for analyzing and interpreting. The results revealed the effect of social class dimension had a positive effect on Iranian EFL students’ motivation toward learning English. In other words, students who belonged to families with higher social class dimensions reflected higher motivation and desires to learn English than the ones who were in families with lower social class dimensions. Findings have some implications for language teachers and students and can improve teaching methods, curriculum development, and syllabus design.

Hindi translation and cultural adaptation of the quality of recovery score-40 (QoR-40 score): A validation study.

The quality of recovery (QoR)-40 score has been used worldwide and validated in many surgical cohorts to assess global patient recovery. We aim to translate and culturally adapt the QoR-40 score into Hindi and test the validity and reliability of the translated version in patients undergoing cancer surgery. The translation of the QoR-40 questionnaire was based on the forward and backward translation methods. Patients filled out the translated version of the QoR-40 preoperatively, on the third postoperative day in the morning (POD3) and the evening. The reliability of the translated questionnaire was checked for internal consistency, test-retest reliability and split-half reliability. Construct validity was assessed with a correlation coefficient value between the total QoR-40 score, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and total length of hospital stay. Content validity was evaluated for feasibility and understanding. The questionnaire was completed by 350 patients. The correlation coefficient r for repeatability was 0.21, the split-half test was 0.92, and Cronbach's alpha was 0.82. The correlation between QoR-40 on POD3 with VAS score and length of stay was -0.35 and -0.67, respectively. The average time to complete the questionnaire was 3.8 minutes; 90% of the respondents found the translated questionnaire easy to understand, and 92% of the patients related the questions to their recovery. The Hindi translation of the QoR-40 questionnaire is a valid and reliable version of the original questionnaire in English to assess the QoR in Hindi-speaking patients after cancer surgery.

Validation of the Russian Version of the Prolapse Quality-of-life Questionnaire and its Application to Assess the Impact of Pelvic Organ Prolapse on Quality of Life and the Effect of Treatment in Women Undergoing Reconstructive Surgery.

The objective was to validate the translated Russian version of the prolapse quality-of-life (P-QoL) questionnaire and test its applicability to assess the impact of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) on QoL and the effect of treatment in women undergoing reconstructive surgery. Following a forward- and back-translation of the original English P-QOL questionnaire into Russian, the translated questionnaire was reviewed by a group of patients as well as an expert panel. Women with POP who were admitted to a university hospital for reconstructive surgery were recruited. All the women completed the P-QoL questionnaire, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaires before surgery. Clinical data and POP Quantification (POP-Q) Index according to the International Continence Society were obtained. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed. A total of 303 women with POP were included in the study. Most patients presented with POP-Q >2. The P-QoL questionnaire demonstrated good psychometric properties. High internal consistency was shown in all domains (Cronbach's alpha coefficient from 0.65 to 0.92). The test-retest reliability confirmed a highly significant stability between the total scores for each domain. Significant correlations of the P-QoL domains with the PFDI-20 and SF-36 scales (p < 0.05) were obtained, demonstrating satisfactory convergent validity. Discriminative construct validity was proved by the differences in the mean scores for P-QoL domains across POP-Q stages (p < 0.05): general health perceptions, role limitations, physical limitations, social limitations and severity measures were significantly higher for POP-Q stages 3 and 4 than for POP-Q stage 2 (p < 0.01); general health perceptions and severity measures were higher for POP-Q stage 4 than for POP-Q stage 3 (p < 0.05); sleep/energy was higher for POP-Q stage 3 than for POP-Q stage 2 (p < 0.05). Significant improvement of QoL in the 2months after surgery (p < 0.05) indicated that the P-QoL questionnaire is sensitive to change. The Russian version of the P-QoL questionnaire is characterized by appropriate psychometric properties. The P-QoL questionnaire is a useful tool for describing the QoL profile in women with POP before reconstructive surgery and evaluating treatment outcomes after the procedure.

Translation and validation of the Hindi, Marathi, and Bangla versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire: Anal Cancer (QLQ-ANL27) module: A prospective cohort study

Background: The European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) has developed a commonly used validated questionnaire specific to anal cancer (EORTC QLQ-ANL27). It is used as an adjunct to the core EORTC quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire QLQ-C30. This validated questionnaire was not available in any Indian language, and therefore, Indian patients not familiar with English could not fill it. Objective: We aimed to translate and validate the EORTC QLQ-ANL27 module in Hindi, Marathi, and Bangla languages. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Tata Memorial Hospital, a tertiary cancer center in Mumbai, India, from September 01, 2022, to March 31, 2023. The QLQ-ANL27 questionnaire was translated into Hindi, Marathi, and Bangla languages using the standard EORTC guidelines. The overall process comprised two independent forward translations of the original English questionnaire into the target languages, followed by reconciliation between the two forward translations. The reconciled version was then back translated to English. The report generated was sent to the EORTC translation unit (TU) for review. Once approved by the EORTC TU, these translated versions were pilot tested on 30 patients (10 for each language) with cancer of the rectum or anal canal. After responding to the questionnaires, each patient was individually interviewed to explore any difficulty encountered while answering the QoL questionnaire. The interviewer specifically asked whether the patients found any words or sentences difficult to answer, confusing, or upsetting, and for suggestions on better phrasing. Results: The EORTC QLQ-ANL27 was translated to Hindi, Marathi, and Bangla, followed by back translation into English within a period of 2 months between September 2022 and October 2022. The translated versions were approved by the EORTC TU in October 2022. Validation of the translated versions was conducted between December 2022 and March 2023 in 30 patients diagnosed with anorectal cancer. The median age of the patients was 55 (interquartile range, 29–77); the male-to-female ratio was 2:1. There were no suggestions or doubts in the Hindi, Marathi, and Bangla questionnaires during the pilot testing. After reviewing the pilot testing reports, the EORTC TU approved the translated versions of QLQ-ANL27. The reliability of the translated questionnaires was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha, which were 0.838, 0.743, and 0.808 for the Hindi, Marathi, and Bangla versions, respectively. Conclusions: The Hindi, Marathi, and Bangla translations of the QLQ-ANL27 module have been validated and approved by the EORTC and are now available for use (Clinical Trials Registry-India, CTRI/2022/12/047970).

Mandarin Chinese translation of the Artificial-Social-Agent questionnaire instrument for evaluating human-agent interaction

The Artificial-Social-Agent (ASA) questionnaire is an instrument for evaluating human-ASA interaction. It consists of 19 constructs and related dimensions measured by either 24 questionnaire items (short version) or 90 questionnaire items (long version). The questionnaire was built and validated by a research community effort to make evaluation results more comparable between agents and findings more generalizable. The current questionnaire is in English, which limits its use to only a population with an adequate command of the English language. Translating the questionnaire into more languages allows for the inclusion of other populations and the possibility of comparing them. Therefore, this paper presents a Mandarin Chinese translation of the questionnaire. After three construction cycles that included forward and backward translation, we gave both the final version of the translated and original English questionnaire to 242 bilingual crowd-workers to evaluate 14 ASAs. Results show on average a good level of correlation on the construct/dimension level (ICC M = 0.79, SD = 0.09, range [0.61, 0.95]) and on the item level (ICC M = 0.62, SD = 0.14, range [0.19, 0.92]) between the two languages for the long version, and for the short version (ICC M = 0.66, SD = 0.12, range [0.41, 0.92]). The analysis also established correction values for converting questionnaire item scores between Chinese and English questionnaires. Moreover, we also found systematic differences in English questionnaire scores between the bilingual sample and a previously collected mixed-international English-speaking sample. We hope this and the Chinese questionnaire translation will motivate researchers to study human-ASA interaction among a Chinese literate population and to study cultural similarities and differences in this area.

Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the revised patients’ attitudes towards deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire in Romanian older adults

BackgroundDeprescribing is part of ensuring appropriate medication use and may reduce medication-related harm. Capturing the beliefs and attitudes of patients towards deprescribing by using a validated tool may support optimizing medication use in practice. ObjectivesTo translate, culturally adapt and validate the revised Patients’ Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire in Romanian and to investigate the attitudes and beliefs of older adults towards deprescribing. MethodsThe rPATD questionnaire was translated using forward-backward translation into Romanian and culturally adapted. The psychometric properties were evaluated in older adults ≥65 years of age. Structural validity was assessed by item load on factors using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) which was compared to the original English version and the internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was evaluated by calculating the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between the factor scores obtained using the revised version of the Romanian rPATD and scores on the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) Specific Concerns Romanian version. Floor and ceiling effect were also examined. ResultsWe translated the questionnaire and administered it to 224 participants (median age 72 years [interquartile range: 68.0; 77.0]). In the EFA individual items loaded onto 4 factors, grouped similarly to the English version (Involvement, Burden, Appropriateness, Concerns about Stopping factors). Two items from each of the Involvement and Appropriateness factors were removed to improve factor loading and avoid cross-loading. The Cronbach's alpha values for the 4 factors ranged between 0.522 and 0.773. The scores for Burden and Concerns about Stopping factors were found to be positively correlated with BMQ Specific Concerns score. We identified a ceiling effect for one of the four factors (Involvement) and no floor effects. ConclusionsThe Romanian rPATD was validated in 4 factor structure similar to the original English questionnaire. The Romanian version of the questionnaire may support the health care professionals in Romania to initiate and support patient-centered deprescribing.

A Preliminary Psychometric Investigation of a Chinese Version of Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ)

Athlete engagement is one of the key indicators of athletes' positive psychology. It plays a crucial role in coping with burnout and disengagement, creating a flow experience, and improving their competitive ability and performance. In the last two decades, a mountain of literature has focused on engagement in different research settings. In the world of sports, the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) has been proven to be a reliable instrument to access athletes' engagement at both amateur and elite levels. The aim of this study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of AEQ. The original English athlete engagement questionnaire was translated into Chinese using the method of back-translation for data collection. Subsequently, 379 samples were performed for data analysis, mainly focusing on confirmatory factor analysis to examine the four-factor and second-order factor structures of 16 items measuring athlete engagement. The results reproduced four components of AEQ, which included a total of 16 items. The instrument demonstrated acceptable composite reliability (.887 to .905) and convergent validity (> 0.5), except that the discriminant validity was slightly insufficient. The results showed that the Chinese version of AEQ as a second-order factor structure is better than the four-factor structure, that is, athlete engagement as an overarching construct composed of four factors: confidence, dedication, enthusiasm, and vigor. The findings offer a useful and reliable instrument for athlete engagement, which helps researchers better capture the experience and engagement of athletes in the Chinese sports context.

Marathi translation, linguistic validation, and cross-cultural adaptation of M.D. Anderson dysphagia inventory in patients of head and neck squamous cell cancer.

Self-reported treatment outcome is a better way to measure patient's quality of life (QOL). This study was undertaken to translate dysphagia-specific QOL questionnaire M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) in Marathi language, its linguistic validation, and cross-cultural adaptation in patients of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). After Institutional ethics committee approval, MDADI was translated into Marathi with prior permission from the author of original English questionnaire (AOEQ). The translation procedure included - two forward translations (English to Marathi), formation of first intermediate Marathi translation (FIMT), two back translations (BT) (Marathi to English) of FIMT and interim Marathi translation (IMT) formation. Second intermediate Marathi translation (SIMT) was prepared after face validation of IMT by Marathi subject expert. Pretesting of SIMT was done in 10 patients of HNSCC for linguistic validation and cross-cultural adaptation. After incorporating the patients' suggestions, final Marathi translation was formulated and forwarded to primary author for approval. The grammatically acceptable and conceptually equivalent face-validated SIMT was prepared and given to HNSCC patients. The questionnaire was well understood and unobjectionable reflecting its linguistic validity and cross-cultural adaptation. Some of the patients suggested changes in a few words which were then rectified, rechecked with BT, and the final Marathi translated questionnaire was prepared. The credit statement for AOEQ was used as a footnote in the translated questionnaire. Marathi translation of MDADI is well accepted and comprehensible. It can be used for future studies.

Reliability and validity of an adapted Saudi Arabic version of scoliosis research society outcomes questionnaire (SRS-30) in Saudi Arabia.

To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Saudi Arabic (SA) version of SRS-30 and test it on Saudi patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A retrospective analysis of prospective collected data of 322 patients with AIS. The cross-cultural adaptation process was performed using the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) Outcomes Committee method. A pre-test analysis was conducted on 30 patients. All patients had completed the SRS-22r and SF-12 preoperatively and 198 patients had completed the SA version of SRS-30 and SF-12 postoperatively twice at six weeks interval. The validity and internal consistency were tested using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach alpha, person correlation coefficient, and confidence interval (CI). There are 288 (89.4%) girls and 34 (10.6%) boys and the average age is 15 ± 2.3years (range from 10-21years). The majority of patients have a Lenke type 1 curve (41%) and only 14% have a Lenke type 5 and 6. The overall Cronbach alpha (CA) of all SRS-30 domains is 0.87. However, the Cronbach alpha for the satisfaction, and function domains slightly lower than the original English questionnaire. The Saudi Arabic version of SRS-30 is a reliable and valid instrument and can be applied to evaluate the quality of life in patients with AIS.

Validity and reliability of safety behaviors questionnaire for Persian adults who stutter: A cultural perspective

IntroductionAdults who stutter (AWS) are reported to have higher social anxiety compared to those who do not stutter. Previous studies have suggested that safety behaviors, which are cognitive or behavioral strategies used by people with anxiety to prevent negative consequences, are important factors in maintaining anxiety. However, the frequency and types of such behaviors might vary in different cultures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a transcultural adaptation of Safety Behaviors Questionnaire (Helgadottir et al., 2014) for Persian-speaking AWS and assess its validity and reliability. MethodsIn the first step, the original English questionnaire was translated into Persian using the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) method. Then, 17 speech and language pathologists (SLPs) and 5 AWS evaluated all questionnaire items using Likert scales to determine face validity. Finally, 167 Persian-speaking AWS completed the questionnaire to assess its construct validity and reliability. Their responses were analyzed using factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha. ResultsSome items of the original questionnaire were modified or combined with other similar items after assessing the face validity of the Persian-translated questionnaire. Construct validity analysis categorized the remaining 29 questionnaire items into four factors: general avoidance, practice and control, rehearsal, and choosing safe and easy people. The high Cronbach's Alpha of 0.89 for all items confirmed the internal reliability of the Persian-translated questionnaire. Discussion/ConclusionsThe results confirmed the psychometric characteristics of the Persian- translated version of the Safety Behaviors Questionnaire (Helgadottir et al., 2014); therefore, speech pathologists can apply it in future clinical and research settings. Similar to Australian AWS, Persian participants of this study self-reported use of various types of safety behaviors frequently.

Adapting the German version of the dental environment stress questionnaire.

To develop a German version of the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire, and to evaluate its reliability and validity. The original English DES questionnaire was translated into German using a forward-backward translation process. To evaluate construct stability, a subgroup of dental students (n=43) completed the DES twice (interval: 1week). To evaluate how the DES responds to anticipated changes in stress, all dental students' (n=64) DES scores and saliva cortisol levels administered from a clinical study were compared between holiday and term time. Furthermore, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and a stress self-assessment were used to determine the validity of the DES. Reliability analyses were calculated using Kendall's tau correlations. To estimate reliability strength, correlation coefficients and intraclass correlations (ICCs) were used. Regarding construct stability, 24 of 25 DES items had at least moderate correlations, and most items showed strong correlations. Correlations for the seven subdomains were good (range: 0.778-1.000). The same was true for the total DES score (ICC: 0.944). Correlations for response to term-time stress were weaker and more varied. Validity analyses revealed fair correlations between the DES and students' self-assessment (Pearson's r=.592) and DASS score (Pearson's r=.392), suggesting satisfactory validity. Stress levels were quite similar between baseline and follow-up. The German DES is a reliable tool for evaluating stress in dental students. Because it can be used to identify individual stressors in various categories, it might enable the detection of specific stress situations in educational situations and facilitate solutions (adjustment of curricula, tailored consulting services).

Thinking aloud about epistemology in history: How do students understand the Beliefs about History Questionnaire?

This study aims to explore the cognitive validity of a popular epistemological beliefs self-report instrument used in history education, namely the Beliefs about History Questionnaire (BHQ) developed by Maggioni (2010). The validity and reliability of this instrument were found to be problematic during the quantitative validation of both the original English questionnaire and its foreign language versions. Therefore, we conducted cognitive interviews with four students (all 17 years old) using a German version of the BHQ to gain a comprehensive insight into students’ understanding of the questionnaire and the possible difficulties they experience in answering its items. The analysis of the interviews showed that the cognitive validity of the questionnaire was good. However, some items were found to be problematic because the students showed differences in understanding and difficulties in responding. Furthermore, four overarching problem areas were identified: the complexity of terms; epistemic ambiguity; length and comprehensibility; and irritating references to the school context. In this article, we address these and other difficulties in using the BHQ to assess students’ thoughts about epistemology in history. Finally, possible improvements to the questionnaire and conclusions that can be applied to both research and practice are presented.

Psychometric Properties of the PSQ-OP and PSQ-ORG in Puerto Rico

Background: There are several factors related to stress in police officers. The organization plays a role in impacting police officers who experience a heavy workload, and there is a close relationship between operational stress and personal and work-related outcomes. Objectives: This work aims to present the psychometric properties of the PSQ-OP and the PSQ-ORG questionnaire Spanish adapted version. Method: A quantitative study cross-sectional and instrumental type design in a sample of 200 municipal police officers in Puerto Rico and analysis carried out to verify the factorial structure of the questionnaires and the reliability and validity indicators. Results: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis with Structural Equation Modeling showed adequate validity and reliability indicators in both PSQ-OP and the PSQ-ORG questionnaire Spanish adapted version with one-factor structure as in the original English version questionnaire. Conclusion: This study provides an instrument for professionals to study the operational and organizational stress in police officers and allows them to contribute new studies and literature in Puerto Rico.

Is an adolescent with chronic kidney disease ready for the transition to an adult health service: translation and adaptation of questionnaires

Introduction. The issue of the readiness of adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for the transition to the adult service in the Russian healthcare system remains unexplored. One of the reasons of this problem is the lack of Russian tools for evaluating patient transition readiness.The goal of this study is to develop Russian-language questionnaires to evaluate the readiness of adolescents for the transition to an adult health service based on the English-language originals.Materials and methods. A literature search was carried out to identify English questionnaires, as well as recommendations for their translation and adaptation. Development of the Russian versions of the questionnaires included the following major stages: preparation, two forward translations, their reconciliation, adaptation and creation of an intermediate version, back-translation into English, cognitive interviewing of the adolescents, proofreading and approval of the final version by the authors of the original English questionnaires. Cognitive interviewing was performed with 10 adolescents with CKD aged 15–17 years.Results. Four English questionnaires were identified. They were studied and comparatively analysed. Translated versions of these questionnaires into foreign languages were revealed. Two most promising questionnaires for translation into Russian were identified: UNC TRxANSITION Index and STARx. Russian versions of these questionnaires were developed based on the international recommendations. Cognitive interviewing provided additional adaptation and linguistic validation of the translated versions based on the adolescents’ opinions. UNC TRxANSITION Index is a provider-administered questionnaire and includes 32 questions. STARx is a self-report questionnaire and includes 18 questions.Conclusions. Russian versions of questionnaires for evaluating adolescents’ transition readiness are available for use by health professionals and social workers. A further study of their psychometric properties and confirmation of the validity of their results in the context of the Russian healthcare system is required.

French Adaptation of the Brief Irritability Test: Factor Structure, Psychometric Properties, and Relationship with Depressive Symptoms.

The Brief Irritability Test (BITe, Holtzman et al., 2014) is a brief, reliable, and valid self-report measure of irritability. Despite the growing interest to understand the underlying causes and consequences of irritability, this questionnaire has not been developed and validated for a French-speaking population yet. In the present study, 413 participants completed our French adaptation of the BITe (i.e., TCI; Test Court d’Irritabilité) and measures of associated constructs (depression, anger, hostility, and aggression) and well-being (life satisfaction and social support). Descriptive, psychometric (i.e., Cronbach alpha and Spearman correlation coefficients), and factor analyses were conducted. An exploratory factor analysis in sample 1 (n = 209), yielded one single factor. The confirmatory factor analysis in sample 2 (n = 204) showed a reasonable fit of this single factor model explaining 55.5% of the variance and presenting a strong internal consistency (α = .80). Compared to the original English questionnaire, the TCI shares similar unidimensional factor organization and correlations with other constructs, although a gender bias was identified, with women scoring higher than men. Irritability was higher among respondents in the age range 17–25, compared to older adults. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that TCI scores significantly predict depressive symptoms when demographics were controlled for. In summary, the TCI presents good psychometric properties and could constitute a valuable tool to evaluate irritability in clinical and research contexts.

LINGUISTIC VALIDATION OF JAPANESE VERSION OF THE VULVOVAGINAL SYMPTOMS QUESTIONNAIRE (VSQ)

(Purpose) To translate the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire (VSQ) into Japanese and evaluate the linguistic validation of the translated VSQ. (Methods) The translation and evaluation of the VSQ were performed through 3 steps: forward translation based on 2 urologists and discussed by another 3 urologists; the community review process, which consisted of one-on-one cognitive interviews with 20 patients by professional interviewers; backward translation by a native English speaker, which was discussed with the original author of the VSQ. (Results) The original author of the VSQ generally approved our translation. (Conclusion) The Japanese version of the VSQ was translated in a linguistically valid manner. It is equivalent to the original English questionnaire. It may provide a tool to assess sexual function for Japanese women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause.

Validation of the Malayalam version of the parental stressor scale

Background: For any research, it is important to ensure that an establish instrument conforms to the culture of the population in focus. The objectives of this study include translation of the Parental Stressor Scale: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PSS: PICU) questionnaire into Malayalam and the analysis of its psychometric properties. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 201 parents of children admitted to the PICU. The PSS: PICU questionnaire was first translated into Malayalam language using the standard “Forward-Backward” procedure. Following consent, parents completed the demographic sheet and the Malayalam version of PSS: PICU scale within 30 min. Results: Analysis showed good psychometric properties for the Malayalam PSS: PICU questionnaire when compared to the original English version. The principal component factor analysis with Varimax rotation was used to assess the validity and was found to favor the conceptual dimensions of the original English questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient used to assess reliability was 0.865 for the entire scale reflecting good internal consistency. Conclusion: The PSS: PICU questionnaire was translated to Malayalam and the psychometric properties of the Malayalam version were found to be adequate, albeit requires further exploration before extensive use.

Introducing the Greek adaptation of acute stress disorder scale’ (ASDS). High reliabil-ity and validity in an epidemiological sample

AbstractBackground: Acute stress disorder is a common and profound psychological condition. It concerns the physiological activation of the neuroendocrinological bodily response against any stressors within minutes of exposure to the stimuli, and under some particular criteria until the end of the first month.Aim: The present study is conducted with the view of providing a new, culturally adapted, self-reported measure of acute stress in the Greek population. Material &amp; Methods: A variety of methods and analysis were employed and performed accordingly, in order to translate the original English questionnaire and to test the new Greek version for its reliability and validity in a Greek sample (N= 1,158).Results: The most important findings conclude a high validity of the Greek version (α= .925) and a strong correlation with resilience and psychosomatic symptoms. Conclusion: It is highly recommended for future studies concerning the Greek population to adapt and test-retest the questionnaire, as well as for practitioners to use the Greek version of ASDS in clinical and private practice.

Marathi translation, linguistic validation, and cross-cultural adaptation of speech handicap index and voice handicap index in patients of head and neck squamous cell cancer.

Patient reported treatment outcomes is a better way to measure the quality of life (QOL). This study was undertaken to translate the speech handicap index (SHI) and voice handicap index (VHI) in Marathi language and its linguistic validation and cross-cultural adaptation in patients of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). SHI and VHI were translated into Marathi with prior permission from the respective authors of original English questionnaire (RAs). The translation procedure for each tool included two forward translations (English to Marathi), the formation of first intermediate Marathi translation (FIT), two back translations (Marathi to English) of FIT, and interim Marathi translation (IT) formation. The second intermediate Marathi translation (SIT) was prepared after face validation of IT by a subject expert. Pretesting of SIT was done in 20 patients of HNSCC to validate linguistic and cross-cultural adaptation. By incorporating the patient's suggestions, the final Marathi translation was prepared and sent to primary authors for approval. The grammatically and conceptually acceptable and face validated SIT was prepared and administered to HNSCC patients. The patients of the oral cavity and larynx were in SHI and VHI group, respectively (ten patients in each group). The questionnaire was well understood reflecting its linguistic and cross-cultural adaptation. Some of the patients suggested changes in a few words which were then corrected, rechecked with back translation, and final Marathi translated questionnaire was prepared. It was approved by RAs. Marathi translation of SHI and VHI are well accepted and comprehensible. It can be used for future studies.