Original Data Sources Research Articles

Improved source reconstruction in Fourier-based Near-field Acoustic Holography applied to small apertures

It is well known that Fourier-based Near-field Acoustic Holography fails to produce good source reconstructions when the aperture size of the microphone array is smaller than the source size. In this paper this problem is overcome by pre-conditioning the spatial hologram data using Linear Predictive Border Padding (LPBP) before it is Fourier-transformed to the wave-number domain. It is shown that LPBP allows for very small aperture sizes with a good reconstruction accuracy. An exhaustive analysis of LPBP is presented based on numerical experiments and measured data. The numerical experiments are performed on two different source types: modal patterns and point sources. These two types of sources represent the two limit situations that one can find in practice: modal patterns have a tonal spectrum in the spatial wave-number domain and are relatively easy to reconstruct accurately, while point sources have a broad-band wave-number spectrum which makes them very challenging to reconstruct. In order to illustrate the accuracy of the method in practice, results of measurements on a hard disk drive are presented as well. For a given distance to the source, the position and size of the hologram plane apertures is varied and the reconstructed source information is compared to the original source data. The reconstructed sources are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that LPBP is an efficient and accurate extrapolation method, which leads to accurate reconstructions even for very small aperture sizes.

PathCase-SB: integrating data sources and providing tools for systems biology research.

BackgroundIntegration of metabolic pathways resources and metabolic network models, and deploying new tools on the integrated platform can help perform more effective and more efficient systems biology research on understanding the regulation of metabolic networks. Therefore, the tasks of (a) integrating under a single database environment regulatory metabolic networks and existing models, and (b) building tools to help with modeling and analysis are desirable and intellectually challenging computational tasks.ResultsPathCase Systems Biology (PathCase-SB) is built and released. This paper describes PathCase-SB user interfaces developed to date. The current PathCase-SB system provides a database-enabled framework and web-based computational tools towards facilitating the development of kinetic models for biological systems. PathCase-SB aims to integrate systems biology models data and metabolic network data of selected biological data sources on the web (currently, BioModels Database and KEGG, respectively), and to provide more powerful and/or new capabilities via the new web-based integrative framework.ConclusionsEach of the current four PathCase-SB interfaces, namely, Browser, Visualization, Querying, and Simulation interfaces, have expanded and new capabilities as compared with the original data sources. PathCase-SB is already available on the web and being used by researchers across the globe.

Effective construction of a database on toxicity information for nanoscale zinc oxide materials

Nanomaterials are commonly found in cosmetics, concrete, and car bumpers; however, there is not much data about their safety. Internet websites are abundant resources of environmental toxicology databases, and websites provide databases on human health and nanomaterial safety. PubMed is an important resource of scientific information and the OECD, CORDIS, EC Nanosafe, and ToxRefDB databases provide open access to related information on nanomaterials. This article focuses on internet-accessible resources pertaining to nanoscale zinc oxide. PubMed allows users to extract information on nanomaterials by inputting specific keywords, such as “safety”, “hazard”, “risk assessment”, and “toxicity”, along with “nanoscale zinc oxide”. Official government and nongovernment websites provide webbased information on environmental toxicology, including risk assessments of nanomaterials. Extensive internet-accessible information, such as the original sources of data, published articles, and documents, and quality assurance should be considered when estimating the reliability of a website. In this study, a novel database was constructed for nanoscale zinc oxide, taking several web databases into consideration.

Data mining for the development of a global port-to-port freight movement database

The difficulty of integrating data from multiple transportation data sources has been an ongoing challenge for researchers who study the movement of freight across the globe. The difficulty is due to the data sources using different units, scales, data frequencies and commodity codes. This paper proposes a three-step data mining model to select and integrate data sources for freight transportation applications, with a special focus on global port-to-port freight movement between the USA and other countries. The data filtration step is developed to select the relevant data sources from a set of original data sources, and then identify the most efficient subset of the selected relevant data sources. The data integration step implements some specific integration techniques to build a new database for a given freight transportation research. The data interaction step investigates data applications of the newly built database in a variety of application domains. The approach is demonstrated by establishing a database in studying the global containerised freight movement for the USA.

Pengolahan Data Arsip Dinamis Inaktif Hukum Menggunakan Microsoft Access di Kantor Pengadilan Negeri Payakumbuh

The purpose of writing this paper is to describe how the data processing inactive records law by using the Microsoft Access program at the Office of State Court Payakumbuh. The method used in writing this paper is the observation and direct participation by collecting data from the original source data list files written in a register clerk. Microsoft Access use data processing performed on the data file received from October to December of 2011, amounting to 110 archival data, consisting of a data file civil cases and criminal cases archived data. The treatment process begins with mengentri data into the table in Microsoft Access and create a Query. Query was created as a tool to search the data, because queries can answer questions on the data in question. Making Query in Microsoft Access only put one formula on Parameter Query and Query straight to work. Working with Query makes the search easy and fast.

The International Diabetes Federation diabetes atlas methodology for estimating global and national prevalence of diabetes in adults

IntroductionDiabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and its global prevalence is growing rapidly. A simple and robust approach to estimate the prevalence of diabetes is essential for governments to set priorities on how to meet the challenges of the disease. The International Diabetes Federation has developed a methodology for generating country-level estimates of diabetes prevalence in adults (20–79 years). MethodsUsing country-level data sources from peer-reviewed studies, national health statistics reports, commissioned studies on diabetes prevalence, and unpublished data obtained through personal communication, we use logistic regression to generate estimates of the prevalence of diabetes. An approach matching countries on ethnicity, geography, and income group is used to fill in gaps where original data sources are not available. The methodology also uses changes in urbanization and population to generate estimates and projections on the prevalence of diabetes in adults. ConclusionDiabetes prevalence estimates are very sensitive to the data from which they are derived. The revised IDF methodology for estimating diabetes prevalence is a transparent, reproducible approach that will be updated annually. It takes data-driven approaches to filling in gaps where data are not available and where assumptions have to be made. It uses a qualification system to rank data sources so that only the highest quality data are used.

Assessing resolution and source effects of digital elevation models on automated floodplain delineation: A case study from the Camp Creek Watershed, Missouri

Digital elevation models (DEMs) have been widely used in automated floodplain modeling to determine floodplain boundaries. However, the effects of DEM resolution and data source on floodplain delineation are not well quantified. This paper presents a case study to assess these effects from the Camp Creek Watershed, Missouri, using two sets of DEMs. One is the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) DEMs re-sampled from 1-m to 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30-m resolutions. The other is 5, 10, and 30-m DEMs obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Floodplain boundaries are delineated using a combination of hydrological, hydraulic and floodplain delineation models under the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) guideline. Model outputs including stream network, watershed and floodplain boundaries are compared to 1-m LiDAR DEM outputs (as the reference) to assess the uncertainty. Results indicate that re-sampled 3 or 5-m LiDAR DEMs produce similar streams and floodplain boundaries within 10% difference of the reference. In contrast, coarser LiDAR DEMs (such as the 10-m resolution) are more appropriate for watershed boundary delineation because higher DEM resolutions are likely more sensitive to minor topographic changes and may introduce erroneous boundaries. For different data sources, uncertainties introduced by USGS DEMs are much higher than LiDAR DEMs with a distinct relationship between uncertainties and DEM resolutions. Uncertainties of LiDAR DEMs consistently increase with decreasing resolutions, whereas similar levels of uncertainty are observed for different USGS DEM resolutions. This difference is probably due to the inherited difference in their original data source resolutions to make these two types of DEMs.

Mixed-sampling approach to unbalanced data distributions

Leukemia's types and their relationships to literatures are introduced, based on which data set about Leukemia for classification is constructed with original data sources, such as Cancer Gene Cens...

The impact of DEM data source on prediction of flooding and erosion risk due to sea-level rise

Digital elevation model (DEM) elevation accuracy and spatial resolution are typically considered before a given DEM is used for the assessment of coastal flooding, sea-level rise or erosion risk. However, limitations of DEMs arising from their original data source can often be overlooked during DEM selection. Global elevation error statistics provided by DEM data suppliers can provide a useful indicator of actual DEM error, but these statistics can understate elevation errors occurring outside of idealised ground reference areas. The characteristic limitations of a range of DEM sources that may be used for the assessment of coastal inundation and erosion risk are tested using high-resolution photogrammetric, low- and medium-resolution global positioning system (GPS)-derived and very high-resolution terrestrial laser scanning point data sets. Errors detected in a high-resolution photogrammetric DEM are found to be substantially beyond quoted error, demonstrating the degree to which quoted DEM accuracy can understate local DEM error and highlighting the extent to which spatial resolution can fail to provide a reliable indicator of DEM accuracy. Superior accuracies and inundation prediction results are achieved based on much lower-resolution GPS points confirming conclusions drawn in the case of the photogrammetric DEM data. This suggests a scope for the use of GPS-derived DEMs in preference to the photogrammetric DEM data in large-scale risk-mapping studies. DEM accuracies and superior representation of micro-topography achieved using high-resolution terrestrial laser scan data confirm its advantages for the prediction of subtle inundation and erosion risk. However, the requirement for data fusion of GPS to remove ground-vegetation error highlighted limitations for the use of side-scan laser scan data in densely vegetated areas.

Rethinking the MBA: business education at a crossroads

Purpose – The paper seeks to examine major challenges facing MBA programs and to argue that they will have to reconsider their value proposition. It aims to explore effective curricular and programmatic responses as opportunities for MBA programs to innovate. The paper also aims to call for collective action across the business school field to effectively address these challenges.Design/methodology/approach – The research is grounded in empirical methods including semi‐structured interviews, data on curricula, courses, applications, enrollments, tuition and fees, and faculty hiring, and case studies of particular institutions.Findings – Business schools need to reassess the facts, frameworks, and theories that they teach, while also rebalancing their curricula to focus more on developing skills, capabilities, and techniques as well as cultivating values, attitudes, and beliefs.Originality/value – The paper draws on original sources of qualitative and quantitative data to present a detailed picture of the ...

Information and Data Sharing Policy, Genomic Science Program, DOE

AbstractThe Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) will require that all publishable information resulting from GTL funded research must conform to community recognized standard formats when they exist, be clearly attributable, and be deposited within a community recognized public database(s) appropriate for the research conducted. Furthermore, all experimental data obtained as a result of GTL funded research must be kept in an archive maintained by the Principal Investigator (PI) for the duration of the funded project. Any publications resulting from the use of shared experimental data must accurately acknowledge the original source or provider of the attributable data. The publication of information resulting from GTL funded research must be consistent with the Intellectual Property provisions of the contract under which the publishable information was produced.

Information and Data Sharing Policy, Genomic Science Program, DOE

The Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) will require that all publishable information resulting from GTL funded research must conform to community recognized standard formats when they exist, be clearly attributable, and be deposited within a community recognized public database(s) appropriate for the research conducted. Furthermore, all experimental data obtained as a result of GTL funded research must be kept in an archive maintained by the Principal Investigator (PI) for the duration of the funded project. Any publications resulting from the use of shared experimental data must accurately acknowledge the original source or provider of the attributable data. The publication of information resulting from GTL funded research must be consistent with the Intellectual Property provisions of the contract under which the publishable information was produced.

New Perioperative Cervical Injury

New Perioperative Cervical Injury

ADAT: A Matlab toolbox for handling time series athlete performance data

The treatment and handling of large quantities of time series sensor data is a particular challenge for the sport science community. Significant quantities of data can be generated during routine training sessions that involve multi-sensor monitoring on multiple limb segments. Whilst sensor devices are commonplace, the data formats, available sensors and acquisition rates vary considerably. Additionally sensor fusion is of increasing interest where multiple data sets from multiple sources are required to be combined. In this paper we present a set of tools that have been developed over the last 5 years to help meet this emerging challenge. The tools are based on the popular computational environment Matlab, which allows rapid customisation of routines, together with complex analysis and visualisation tools to be used by technical and non-technical researchers alike. Using these developed tools data gained from a variety of sources (including video) can be combined together, visualised and processed using over 50 processing and visualisation tools. The toolbox is designed to automatically annotate data sets to keep track of signal processing steps and maintain original data source integrity. It can also be easily extended and customised for individual applications. At its core is the ‘athdata’ data structure, which can accommodate multiple channels and kind of data at a variety of sample rates, annotations and unlimited processing steps. A sample import tool has been developed for users to easily apply the toolbox to their own data sets and real-time streaming of data into the toolbox is also possible. When adopted as a research team tool it facilitates the sharing of developed processing and visualisation steps, it also enables a faster path to application for new researchers joining any team

Secure abstraction views for scientific workflow provenance querying

Provenance has become increasingly important in scientific workflows and services computing to capture the derivation history of a data product, including the original data sources, intermediate data products, and the steps that were applied to produce the data product. In many cases, both scientific results and the used protocol are sensitive and effective access control mechanisms are essential to protect their confidentiality. In this paper, we propose: 1) a formal scientific workflow provenance model as the basis for querying and access control for workflow provenance; 2) a security model for fine-grained access control for multilevel provenance and an algorithm for the derivation of a full security specification based on inheritance, overriding, and conflict resolution; 3) a formalization of the notion of security views and an algorithm for security view derivation; and 4) a formalization of the notion of secure abstraction views and an algorithm for its computation. A prototype called SecProv has been developed, and experiments show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

DisGeNET: a Cytoscape plugin to visualize, integrate, search and analyze gene–disease networks

DisGeNET is a plugin for Cytoscape to query and analyze human gene-disease networks. DisGeNET allows user-friendly access to a new gene-disease database that we have developed by integrating data from several public sources. DisGeNET permits queries restricted to (i) the original data source, (ii) the association type, (iii) the disease class or (iv) specific gene(s)/disease(s). It represents gene-disease associations in terms of bipartite graphs and provides gene centric and disease centric views of the data. It assists the user in the interpretation and exploration of the genetic basis of human diseases by a variety of built-in functions. Moreover, DisGeNET permits multicolouring of nodes (genes/diseases) according to standard disease classification for expedient visualization. DisGeNET is compatible with Cytoscape 2.6.3 and 2.7.0, please visit http://ibi.imim.es/DisGeNET/DisGeNETweb.html for installation guide, user tutorial and download.

Quantitative analysis of data warehouse design quality

Information systems allow companies to collect a large number of operational and transactional data. Data warehouses are increasingly used by organisations to extract concise information supporting decision processes. However, data warehouse design strategies as well as the structure and content of the original database largely influence the effectiveness of such tools. Our research is focused on data-driven approaches, and in this paper, we present a solution that, based on a set of metrics measuring different characteristics of the original data sources, effectively supports the creation of data warehouses. Moreover, combining the indexes computed by our metrics on selected dimensions and measures, it is also possible to derive quantitative information on the design quality of the final data warehouse. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution, we briefly present the results obtained from the analysis of a selling data warehouse derived from a real-word ERP system.

Digital holography and 3-D imaging: Interactive Science Publishing

This special issue on Digital Holography and 3-D Imaging includes five articles that use OSA's Interactive Science Publishing (ISP) system. ISP allows authors to publish large 2-D and 3-D datasets with original source data that can be viewed and analyzed interactively by readers. ISP is undertaken by OSA in partnership with the U.S. National Library of Medicine, part of the National Institutes of Health, and with support from the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

Putting a Face on the Issue

Business scholars pay increasing attention to the expanded influence of stakeholders on firm strategies, legitimacy, and competitiveness. At the same time, analysts have noted that the transformed regulatory and legislative environments of recent decades have encouraged firms to become much more politically active. Surprisingly, relatively little research has tied together these two trends. The present study integrates perspectives on stakeholder management with research on corporate political activity to develop an understanding of the structural sources of stakeholder mobilization in professional grassroots lobbying campaigns. This study employs a unique, original data source to consider how the adoption of grassroots lobbying by a firm relates to its industry, degree of inside lobbying, partisan PAC contributions, and more. This research shows that corporate grassroots lobbying is shaped most significantly by a firm's degree of inside lobbying, as highly active firms take a diversified strategy for gaining influence. Firms in industries with a heavy public presence as well as those concerned with taxation, government appropriations, and economic development also adopt these strategies readily. PAC contributions to Republican, but not Democratic, candidates also heighten firms' propensity to lobby the public.

The X-ray Structure of RU486 Bound to the Progesterone Receptor in a Destabilized Agonistic Conformation

Here we describe the 1.95 A structure of the clinically used antiprogestin RU486 (mifepristone) in complex with the progesterone receptor (PR). The structure was obtained by taking a crystal of the PR ligand binding domain containing the agonist norethindrone and soaking it in a solution containing the antagonist RU486 for extended times. Clear ligand exchange could be observed in one copy of the PR ligand binding domain dimer in the crystal. RU486 binds while PR is in an agonistic conformation without displacing helix 12. Although this is probably because of the constraints of the crystal lattice, it demonstrates that helix 12 displacement is not a prerequisite for RU486 binding. Interestingly, B-factor analysis clearly shows that helix 12 becomes more flexible after RU486 binding, suggesting that RU486, being a model antagonist, does not induce one fixed conformation of helix 12 but changes its positional equilibrium. This conclusion is confirmed by comparing the structures of RU486 bound to PR and RU486 bound to the glucocorticoid receptor.