Origin Of Multiple Peaks Research Articles

A Multipeak Solar Flare with a High Turnover Frequency of the Gyrosynchrotron Spectra from the Loop-top Source

The origin of multiple peaks in light curves of various wavelengths remains illusive during flares. Here we discuss the flare of SOL2023-05-09T03:54M6.5 with six flux peaks as recorded by a tandem of new microwave and hard X-ray (HXR) instruments. According to its microwave spectra, the flare represents a high-turnover-frequency (>15 GHz) event. The rather-complete microwave and HXR spectral coverage provides a rare opportunity to uncover the origin of such an event together with simultaneous EUV images. We concluded that (1) the microwave sources originates around the top section of the flaring loops with a trend of source spatial dispersion with frequency; (2) the visible movement of the microwave source from peak to peak originates from the process of new flaring loops appearing sequentially along the magnetic neutral line; (3) the optically thin microwave spectra are hard with the indices (α tn) varying from ∼−1.2 to −0.4, and the turnover frequency always exceeds 15 GHz; (4) higher turnover/peak frequency corresponds to stronger peak intensity and harder optically thin spectra. Using the Fokker–Planck and GX Simulator codes we obtained a good fit to the observed microwave spectra and spatial distribution of the sources at all peaks, if assuming the radiating energetic electrons have the same spatial distribution and single-power-law spectra but with the number density varying in a range of ∼30%. We conclude that the particle acceleration in this flare happens in a compact region nearing the loop-top. These results provide new constraints on the acceleration of energetic electrons and the underlying flare intermittent reconnection process.

Origin of multiple peaks in the light emission spectra of a Au(111) surface induced by the scanning tunneling microscope

We have measured the light emission spectra of a clean Au(111) surface induced by the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The STM tip was made of pure Au wire. When the tip apex had a truncated shape (in the scanning electron microscope image), multiple peaks were observed whose energies and number depend on the tip shape. These peaks arise from the resonant modes of the localized surface plasmons whose energies are determined by the apex size.

On the Origin of Multiple Peaks in the Deep Level Admittance Spectroscopy of Dx Centers in AlGaAs:Sn

ABSTRACTDeep level admittance spectroscopy (DLAS) of the Sn-DX centers in Alx Ga1−x As:Sn (0.2 < x < 0.6) shows three peaks SNi, SN2 and SN3. The SN3 peak is identified to be related to the dominant peak of the Sn-DX center observed in the conventional DLTS technique. The SN1 and SN2 peaks are not easily seen in DLTS. A careful analysis of the DLAS data shows that the three peaks are not due to independent (chemically distinct) defects related to Sn, but they are caused by the multiple sates of the same DX center.