Origin Of Mixing Research Articles

Minimal complete tri-hypercharge theories of flavour

The tri-hypercharge proposal introduces a separate gauged weak hypercharge assigned to each fermion family as the origin of flavour. This is arguably one of the simplest setups for building “gauge non-universal theories of flavour” or “flavour deconstructed theories”. In this paper we propose and study two minimal but ultraviolet complete and renormalisable tri-hypercharge models. We show that both models, which differ only by the heavy messengers that complete the effective theory, are able to explain the observed patterns of fermion masses and mixings (including neutrinos) with all fundamental coefficients being of O\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{O} $$\\end{document}(1). In fact, both models translate the complicated flavour structure of the Standard Model into three simple physical scales above electroweak symmetry breaking, completely correlated with each other, that carry meaningful phenomenology. In particular, the heavy messenger sector determines the origin and size of fermion mixing, which controls the size and nature of the flavour-violating currents mediated by the two heavy Z′ gauge bosons of the theory. The phenomenological implications of the two minimal models are compared. In both models the lightest Z′ remains discoverable in dilepton searches at the LHC Run 3.

Neutrino Flavor Model Building and the Origins of Flavor and CP Violation

The neutrino sector offers one of the most sensitive probes of new physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SM). The mechanism of neutrino mass generation is still unknown. The observed suppression of neutrino masses hints at a large scale, conceivably of the order of the scale of a rand unified theory (GUT), which is a unique feature of neutrinos that is not shared by the charged fermions. The origin of neutrino masses and mixing is part of the outstanding puzzle of fermion masses and mixings, which is not explained ab initio in the SM. Flavor model building for both quark and lepton sectors is important in order to gain a better understanding of the origin of the structure of mass hierarchy and flavor mixing, which constitute the dominant fraction of the SM parameters. Recent activities in neutrino flavor model building based on non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries and modular flavor symmetries have been shown to be a promising direction to explore. The emerging models provide a framework that has a significantly reduced number of undetermined parameters in the flavor sector. In addition, such a framework affords a novel origin of CP violation from group theory due to the intimate connection between physical CP transformation and group theoretical properties of non-Abelian discrete groups. Model building based on non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries and their modular variants enables the particle physics community to interpret the current and anticipated upcoming data from neutrino experiments. Non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries and their modular variants can result from compactification of a higher-dimensional theory. Pursuit of flavor model building based on such frameworks thus also provides the connection to possible UV completions: in particular, to string theory. We emphasize the importance of constructing models in which the uncertainties of theoretical predictions are smaller than, or at most compatible with, the error bars of measurements in neutrino experiments. While there exist proof-of-principle versions of bottom-up models in which the theoretical uncertainties are under control, it is remarkable that the key ingredients of such constructions were discovered first in top-down model building. We outline how a successful unification of bottom-up and top-down ideas and techniques may guide us towards a new era of precision flavor model building in which future experimental results can give us crucial insights into the UV completion of the SM.

Tri-hypercharge: a separate gauged weak hypercharge for each fermion family as the origin of flavour

We propose a tri-hypercharge (TH) extension of the Standard Model (SM) in which a separate gauged weak hypercharge is associated with each fermion family. In this way, every quark and lepton multiplet carries unique gauge quantum numbers under the extended gauge group, providing the starting point for a theory of flavour. If the Higgs doublets only carry third family hypercharge, then only third family renormalisable Yukawa couplings are allowed. However, non-renormalisable Yukawa couplings may be induced by the high scale Higgs fields (hyperons) which break the three hypercharges down to the SM hypercharge, providing an explanation for fermion mass hierarchies and the smallness of CKM quark mixing. Following a similar methodology, we study the origin of neutrino masses and mixing in this model. Due to the TH gauge symmetry, the implementation of a seesaw mechanism naturally leads to a low scale seesaw, where the right-handed neutrinos in the model may be as light as the TeV scale. We present simple examples of hyperon fields which can reproduce all quark and lepton (including neutrino) masses and mixing. After a preliminary phenomenological study, we conclude that one of the massive Z′ bosons can be as light as a few TeV, with implications for flavour-violating observables, LHC physics and electroweak precision observables.

Effect of disorder on thermodynamic instability of binary Rare-earth – Nickel – Palladium compounds

We have investigated the thermodynamic stability of disordered rare-earth phases SmX2 and Sm10X21 (X=Ni, Pd) using machine-learning based analytical descriptor and first-principles density functional theory methods. The absence of Laves phase compounds in R-Pd binary systems is a longstanding problem of rare earth science: even though Ni and Pd belong to the same group of the periodic table and have similar electronic structure, the Pd compound crystallizes in a monoclinic (C2/m) phase with 10:21 stoichiometry, i.e., Sm10Pd21, while the Ni compound adopts a cubic Laves phase (MgCu2) structure. To understand this contrasting phase stability, we performed thermodynamic convex hull analysis of SmxNi1-x and SmxPd1-x binary systems, which is experimentally validated using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyzes of polycrystalline Sm(NixPd1-x)2 samples with x=0, 0.5, and 1. A detailed electronic-structure (band-structure, charge density, and Fermi-surface) analysis of the differences between SmNi2/SmPd2 and Sm10Ni21/Sm10Pd21 compounds provides the quantum mechanical origin of the unfavorable mixing of Pd with Ni in cubic Laves phase. We show that the stability of Sm-Pd in 10:21 stoichiometry arises from improved intra-/inter-layer 5d-4d bonding compared to the 1:2 stoichiometry. Our work emphasizes the importance of ab-initio methods and computationally inexpensive analytical descriptors for the detailed analysis of thermodynamic and electronic properties of hard-to-prepare rare-earth compounds.

Campur Kode pada Novel Tentang Kamu Karya Tere Liye

This research is entitled "Mix Code in Tere Liye's Novel About You". The problems that will be discussed in this study are the types of code mixing, the origin (source) of code mixing, and the factors causing code mixing. The purpose of this study is to explain the types and factors of code mixing contained in Tere Liye's novel About You. The method used in this research is the referential method. This research uses sociolinguistic theory and bilingual theory. The results of this study reveal that in the novel About You, there are various types of code mixing, namely, the first type of code mixing based on mixed language, namely internal code mixing, external code mixing. The types of code mixing based on the linguistic level are divided into two types, namely the word level and the phrase level. Code mixing at the word level is divided into basic words, affixed words, compound words, and pronouns. Second, the origin (source) of inward code mixing comes from regional languages, and outward code mixing comes from foreign languages. Third, the factors causing code mixing are influenced by speaker factors; seen from the background of speakers, and language factors; seen from the limitations of the choice of words that are shorter, popular, and prestigious.

Minimal dark matter model for muon g−2 with scalar lepton partners up to the TeV scale

The E989 experiment at the Fermi National Laboratory reported a $4.2\ensuremath{\sigma}$ discrepancy between the measured magnetic dipole moment of the muon, and its prediction in the Standard Model (SM). In this study, we address the anomaly by considering a minimal and generic extension to the SM which also provides for a dark matter (DM) candidate. The extra states in this framework are: a SM singlet Majorana fermion, referred to as the Bino, playing the role of DM; and muonic scalars, referred to as sleptons. The couplings between the sleptons, SM muons and the Bino can account for the muon $g\ensuremath{-}2$ anomaly if the scalar muon partners, or smuons, mix chirality. On the other hand, the DM relic density is satisfied primarily through coannihilation effects involving the Bino and the lighter sleptons. The viable parameter space of our model includes regions with relatively light coannihilating particles, similar to what has been found in previous scans of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Relaxing the assumption of minimal flavor violation typically assumed in the MSSM, we see that scenarios with sizable smuon mixing and large mass splittings between the smuons can satisfy both the muon $g\ensuremath{-}2$ anomaly and the DM relic density for coannihilating particle masses up to and beyond the TeV scale. When we specify the origin of the left-right smuon mixing to be trilinear couplings between the smuons and the SM Higgs boson, the constraints on these scenarios arising from perturbative unitarity and electroweak vacuum stability confine the coannihilating particle masses to be $\ensuremath{\lesssim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. We demonstrate that next generation direct detection experiments are only marginally sensitive to the viable parameter space of our model, and, thus, a future lepton collider could be the essential probe necessary to distinguish our model from other solutions to the muon $g\ensuremath{-}2$ anomaly which involve extra states beyond the SM.

Low scale U(1)X gauge symmetry as an origin of dark matter, neutrino mass and flavour anomalies

We study a generic leptophilic U(1)X extension of the standard model with a light gauge boson. The U(1)X charge assignments for the leptons are guided by lepton universality violating (LUV) observables in semileptonic b → sℓℓ decays, muon anomalous magnetic moment and the origin of leptonic masses and mixing. Anomaly cancellation conditions require the addition of new chiral fermions in the model, one of which acts as a dark matter (DM) candidate when it is stabilised by an additional {mathcal{Z}}_2 symmetry. From our analysis, we show two different possible models with similar particle content that lead to quite contrasting neutrino mass origin and other phenomenology. The proposed models also have the potential to address the anomalous results in b → cℓνℓ decays like R(D), R(D∗), electron anomalous magnetic moment and the very recent KOTO anomaly in the kaon sector. We also discuss different possible collider signatures of our models which can be tested in future.

Dissecting the Phase Space Snail Shell

Abstract The ongoing vertical phase-mixing, manifesting itself as a snail shell in the phase space, has been discovered with Gaia DR2 data. To better understand the origin and properties of the phase-mixing process, we study the vertical phase-mixing signatures in arches (including the classical “moving groups”) of the phase space near the solar circle. Interestingly, the phase space snail shell exists only in the arches with km s−1, i.e., stars on dynamically “colder” orbits. The snail shell becomes much weaker and eventually disappears for increasingly larger radial action (J R ), quantifying the “hotness” of orbits. Thus, one should pay closer attention to the colder orbits in future phase-mixing studies. We also confirm that the Hercules stream has two branches (at fast and slow V ϕ ), which may not be explained by a single mechanism, since only the fast branch shows the prominent snail shell feature. The hotter orbits may have phase-wrapped away already due to the much larger dynamical range in radial variation to facilitate faster phase-mixing. To explain the lack of a well-defined snail shell in the hotter orbits, the disk should have been perturbed at least 500 Myr ago. Our results offer more support to the recent satellite-disk encounter scenario than the internal bar-buckling perturbation scenario as the origin of the phase space mixing. The origin of the more prominent snail shell in the V ϕ color-coded phase space is also discussed.

Evaluating the price of tiny kinetic mixing

We consider both "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches to the origin of gauge kinetic mixing. We focus on the possibilities for obtaining kinetic mixings $\epsilon$ which are consistent with experimental constraints and are much smaller than the naive estimates ($\epsilon \sim 10^{-2} - 10^{-1}$) at the one-loop level. In the bottom-up approach, we consider the possible suppression from multi-loop processes. Indeed we argue that kinetic mixing through gravity alone, requires at least six loops and could be as large as $\sim 10^{-13}$. In the top-down approach we consider embedding the Standard Model and a $U(1)_X$ in a single grand-unified gauge group as well as the mixing between Abelian and non-Abelian gauge sectors.

Investigating the Origin of Cation Mixing in Nickel Rich Cathodes

*corresponding authors email: muralidharan@ornl.gov and belharouaki@ornl.gov Lithium Ion Batteries Have Been the Catalyst That Brought about the Revolution of Portable Electronic Devices and Electric Vehicles. with the Ever-Increasing Promise of Novel Anode Formulations Delivering Higher Capacities, the Present-Day Energy Densities Are Limited By the Choice of Cathode Used. with Recent Research and Development Trends Focused Heavily on the Class of Layered Nickel Rich Cathodes (LiNixM1-xO2, where M=Transition Metal Cation, x>0.6), It Is of Categorical Importance to Understand the Limiting Mechanisms Hampering the Performance of Such Cathode Systems. of Particular Importance Is the Intermixing of Cations, Ni2+ and Li+ between the Lithium and Transition Metal Slabs in These Layered Cathodes Owing to Their Similar Ionic Radii. These Ni2+ions in the Lithium Slab Creates Li+ Ion Migration Bottlenecks Thus Resulting in the Under-Utilization of the Total Available Storage Capacity of These Cathode Materials. Our Work, Utilizing in-Situ X-Ray Diffraction and Mossbauer Spectroscopy during the Synthesis Procedures Aims to Reveal the Role of Specific Transition Metal Cation Dopants in Lowering/Increasing the Extent of Cation Mixing and the Resulting Electrochemical Behavior of Nickel Rich Cathode Systems Such As the LiNi0.8CoxAlyO2(NCA class) and the LiNi0.8CoxMnyO2 (NCM class). Overall, This Work Provides a Broad Framework to Understand, Isolate and Mitigate This Limiting Phenomena in the Development of Next Generation Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes.

Phenomenology of Higgs bosons in inverse seesaw model with Type-X two Higgs doublet at the LHC

Type-X two Higgs doublet model is known to explain the muon g − 2 anomaly with a relatively light charged Higgs boson at large tan β. The light charged Higgs boson has been searched in the main τ ν mode at the colliders. Invoking a scenario of inverse seesaw as the origin of neutrino masses and mixing, the charged Higgs boson can decay additionally to right-handed neutrinos which leads to interesting phenomenology. Considering generic lepton flavour violating signatures at the final states, a 5σ discovery can be achieved with the early data of LHC, at 14 TeV, for relatively large inverse seesaw Yukawa coupling YN. The very light pseudoscalar and charged Higgs boson mass reconstruction are performed using the new modes and the results look promising. The inverse seesaw Yukawa coupling is shown to be probed down to YN ∼ 0.2 at HL LHC with 3000 fb−1.

Numerical Simulations of Flow and Heat Transfer in a Wall-Bounded Pin Matrix

A detailed computational study was performed for the case of a wall-bounded pin-fin-array in a staggered arrangement, representative of industrial configurations designed to enhance heat transfer. In order to evaluate the level of turbulence modelling necessary to accurately reproduce the flow physics at three (3) different Reynolds numbers (3,000, 10,000 and 30,000), four models were selected: two eddy-viscosity URANS models (k-ω-SST and ϕ-model), an Elliptic Blending Reynolds-stress model (EB-RSM) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Global comparisons for the pressure loss coefficients and average Nusselt numbers were performed with available experimental data which are relevant for industrial applications. Further detailed comparisons of the velocity fields, turbulence quantities and local Nusselt numbers revealed that the correct prediction of the characteristics of the flow is closely related to the ability of the turbulence model to reproduce the large-scale unsteadiness in the wake of the pins, which is at the origin of the intense mixing of momentum and heat. Eddy-viscosity-based turbulence models have difficulties to develop such an unsteadiness, in particular around the first few rows of pins, which leads to a severe underestimation of the Nusselt number. In contrast, LES and EB-RSM are able to predict the unsteady motion of the flow and heat transfer in a satisfactory manner.

Non-Ionic Deep Eutectic Liquids: Acetamide-Urea Derived Room Temperature Solvents.

A family of non-ionic deep eutectic liquids has been developed based upon mixtures of solid N-alkyl derivatives of urea and acetamide that in some cases have melting points below room temperature. The eutectic behaviour and physical characteristics of a series of eleven eutectic mixtures are presented, along with a molecular dynamics study-supported hypothesis for the origin of the non-ideal mixing of these substances. Their use as solvents in applications ranging from natural product extraction to organic and polymer synthesis are demonstrated.

Dissecting the phase space snail shell

AbstractThe on-going phase mixing in the vertical direction of the Galactic disk has been discovered with the revolutionary Gaia DR2 data. It manifests itself as the snail shell in the Z–Vz phase space. To better understand the origin and properties of the phase mixing process, we study the phase-mixing signatures in moving groups (also known as the kinematic streams) with the Gaia DR2 data in the Galactic disk near the Solar circle. Interestingly, the phase space snail shell exists only in the main kinematic streams with |VR|≲ 50 km/s and |Vφ –VLSR|≲30 km/s, i.e., stars on dynamically “colder” orbits. Compared to the colder orbits, the hotter orbits may have phase-wrapped away already due to the much larger dynamical range in radial variation to facilitate faster phase mixing. These results help put tighter constraints on the vertical perturbation history of the Milky Way disk. To explain the lack of a well-defined snail shell in the hotter orbits, the disk should have been perturbed at least ∼400–500 Myr ago. Our results offer more support to the recent satellite-disk encounter scenario than the internal bar buckling perturbation scenario as the origin of the phase space mixing.

Yukawa interactions, flavor symmetry, and non-canonical Kähler potential

We study the origin of fermion mass hierarchy and flavor mixing in the standard model, paying attention to flavor symmetries and fermion kinetic terms. There is a possibility that the hierarchical flavor structure of quarks and charged leptons originates from non-canonical types of fermion kinetic terms in the presence of flavor symmetric Yukawa interactions. A flavor symmetry can be hidden in the form of non-unitary bases in the standard model. The structure of K\"{a}hler potential can become a touchstone of new physics.

Active and sterile neutrino phenomenology with A4 based minimal extended seesaw

We study a model of neutrino within the framework of minimal extended seesaw (MES), which plays an important role in active and sterile neutrino phenomenology in (3+1) scheme. The A4 flavor symmetry is augmented by additional Z4×Z3 symmetry to constraint the Yukawa Lagrangian of the model. We use non-trivial Dirac mass matrix, with broken μ−τ symmetry, as the origin of leptonic mixing. Interestingly, such structure of mixing naturally leads to the non-zero reactor mixing angle θ13. Non-degenerate mass structure for right-handed neutrino MR is considered so that we can further extend our study to Leptogenesis. We have also considered three different cases for sterile neutrino mass, MS to check the viability of this model, within the allowed 3σ bound in this MES framework.

Ultraviolet completion of a composite asymmetric dark matter model with a dark photon portal

Composite asymmetric dark matter scenarios naturally explain why the dark matter mass density is comparable with the visible matter mass density. Such scenarios generically require some entropy transfer mechanism below the composite scale; otherwise, their late-time cosmology is incompatible with observations. A tiny kinetic mixing between a dark photon and the visible photon is a promising example of the low-energy portal. In this paper, we demonstrate that grand unifications in the dark and the visible sectors explain the origin of the tiny kinetic mixing. We particularly consider an ultraviolet completion of a simple composite asymmetric dark matter model, where asymmetric dark matter carries a B − L charge. In this setup, the longevity of asymmetric dark matter is explained by the B − L symmetry, while the dark matter asymmetry originates from the B−L asymmetry generated by thermal leptogenesis. In our minimal setup, the Standard Model sector and the dark sector are unified into SU(5)GUT × SU(4)DGUT gauge theories, respectively. This model generates required B − L portal operators while suppressing unwanted higher-dimensional operators that could wash out the generated B − L asymmetry.

Hydrochemistry in integration with stable isotopes (δ18O and δD) to assess seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers of Kachchh district, Gujarat, India

Coastal aquifers are highly vulnerable to salinization, especially by seawater intrusion. This problem is exacerbated by increasing demands for freshwater in coastal zones due to urbanization and industrialization. This paper investigates seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers of Kachchh district in Gujarat, an economic hub of the country in western India. A total of 26 groundwater samples were collected from various villages of the district from Kandla to Mandavi. In this study hydro-chemical, stable isotope (δ18O and δD) and GIS analysis were used to infer salinization processes. The origin of salinity and mixing of various water masses has been studied through the integration of major ions chemistry with stable isotopes δ18O and δD. Most of the samples were showing Na-Cl type water facies. It was observed that besides natural processes (such as water–rock interaction, ion exchange, dissolution/precipitation dynamics and evaporation) which are governing the groundwater quality, current land use practices have augmented the salinization in this poorly drained semi-arid area. Various ionic ratios (such as Mg2+/Ca2+, Na+/Cl−, SO42−/Cl−, K+/Cl−) and isotopic composition (δ18O and δD) of groundwater suggest that while in coastal areas seawater intrusion and formation of saline plumes is taking place, due to upconing of underlying natural saline water which is enhanced by overexploitation. In inland areas groundwater quality is deteriorating due to infiltration of wastewater and irrigation return flow. The continued stress on land and water resources has shifted the natural balance and accelerated the salinization process in this water scarce region. For securing freshwater in future, the integrated water resources management is required which should also include calculation of groundwater budget in the coastal aquifer.

Chemical, physical characterization and salinity distribution of the oilfield water in the Upper Sandstone Member of the Zubair reservoir at Rumaila North Oilfield, Southern Iraq

The oilfield water in the Upper Sandstone Member of the Zubair reservoir (Barriemian-Hauterivian) at Rumaila North Oil Field was investigated for the interpretation of salinity and geochemical evolution of brine compositions. The interaction of the oilfield water with reservoir rock resulted in a brine water derived from the marine water origin of partial mixing with meteoric water similar to the compositional ranges of formation water from Gulf of Mexico offshore/onshore Mesozoic reservoirs. The high TDS (207350- 230100; average 215625 mg/L) is consistent with the electrical conductivity (340362-372762; average 351024μs), and predominantly represented by Cl (123679 mg/L) as anions and (29200 and 14674 mg/L) for Na and Ca as cations respectively. The contribution of cation (epm%) are as Na (70.2), Ca (18.9), Mg (8.1) and K (1.7); and anion as Cl (99.7), SO4 (0.25), HCO3 (0.07) and CO3 (0.005). sodium (57550-60500mg/L) is greater than of seawater six times, calcium and magnesium three times greater, and chloride 6.5 times greater, but Sulfate is depleted to six times less due to a sulfur release from sulphates and link with different hydrocarbon species, precipices as native sulphur and link with hydrogen forming H2S. The Zubair oilfield water is characterised by acidic pH (pH=5.2- 5.77) enhanced petrophysical properties, high specific gravity (1.228) predicts a high fluid pressure (4866 psi), hydrocarbon saturation (0.43%), water saturation (0.57%) and porosity (12.7). The Mineral saturation model indicates that the Zubair oilfield water is an unsaturated water with respect to all suggested minerals at 5.45, but at simulated pH, brucite being an equilibrium at pH 9.12, but brucite and portlandite being supersaturated at pH 11.9. The mineral solubility responses to the changes in temperature, pressure, pH, Eh, and ionic strength, thereby formation damage is proportionally developed.

XXVII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino2016)

PrefaceThe XXVII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 2016) was organised jointly by Imperial College London and the Institute of Physics. The conference took place at the Royal Geographical Society, South Kensington between the 4th and the 9th of July 2016. A little over 700 delegates attended the conference, a record, confirming the rising trend in attendance at the conference that is indicative of the growing international interest in the field. The 82 invited plenary presentations covered all aspects of neutrino physics, as well as the most important recent developments in astroparticle physics, astronomy and cosmology. Of the 82 plenary speakers, 20% were female, 54% hailed from European institutes, 30% were from the Americas and 15% were from Asia. One speaker was from Africa. Approximately 450 poster abstracts were received of which it was possible to accommodate 400 in four congested but vibrant poster sessions.The conference was opened by Professors T. Kajita and A. McDonald who had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2015 in recognition of their pioneering work in the discovery of neutrino oscillations. New results were presented from all the world’s major neutrino experiments. T2K showed new data on the long-baseline oscillation of muon anti-neutrinos. Together with new data from NOvA and reactor experiments a “preference” for the violation of the matter-antimatter symmetry was reported. Observations of extra-galactic neutrinos (ICECUBE) were presented. Together with the ground-breaking evidence for gravitational waves, reviewed at the meeting, these measurements pave the way for multi-messenger astronomy.Clear evidence for an additional contribution to the neutrino spectrum at ~5 MeV was reported by all reactor neutrino experiments. Progress in the study of anomalies that may hint at the existence of sterile neutrinos was reviewed and the status of experiments that aim to determine the absolute mass scale of neutrinos was discussed. New measurements of neutrino-nucleus cross sections, including electron-neutrino-nucleus cross sections were reported. These measurements, together with advances in the theoretical description of neutrino interactions pave the way for the improved understanding necessary for present and future long- and short-baseline experiments to fulfil their potential.Major new initiatives, DUNE and SBN in the US and Hyper-K in Japan, were discussed. These experiments seek to deliver unparalleled sensitivity to the violation of the matter-antimatter symmetry in neutrino oscillations. Current neutrinoless-double-beta-decay experiments that seek to determine the Majorana or Dirac nature of the neutrino were reviewed. New results were presented by GERDA phase II, KamLAND-Zen, the MAJORANA demonstrator and NEMO-3, and the status of ongoing or upcoming experiments, EXO-200, CUORE, SuperNEMO were reported. The prospects for an exciting future effort were also discussed.The presentation of neutrino experiments was complemented by discussion related phenomenological aspects; from neutrino oscillations to lepton-number and flavour violation, from neutrinos in astrophysics and cosmology to the connection with dark matter. Progress in theoretical neutrino physics was reported, with emphasis on the origin of neutrino masses, mixing and CP-invariance violation in extensions of the Standard Model and their phenomenological consequences, such as the generation of a matter-antimatter asymmetry in the early Universe via the leptogenesis mechanism.In parallel to the scientific programme, a number of outreach events were organised to showcase our science, to highlight the opportunities for impact that arise from our research and to reach out to school students and the public. The well-known science communicator Professor Brian Cox gave a public lecture on Wednesday the 6th July 2016. Tickets were free and allocated using a ballot system; the lecture was oversubscribed by roughly a factor of three. On the 5th and 6th of July, groups of students from junior high schools in outer London attended a day of neutrino-themed activities in Imperial’s purpose-built Wohl Reach-Out Laboratory. The activities included a planetarium session on supernova neutrinos and the chance for the students to build their own cosmic-ray detectors to detect neutrino-induced muons. Students from across the UK were invited to enter a competition to create a design to be painted on the magnetic shielding walls of the MICE experimental hall at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). The two winners received their prizes from B. Cox and A. McDonald at the start of the public lecture.All the slides presented at the conference, together with videos of the presentations and the contributions submitted to the proceedings can be found at:http://neutrino2016.iopconfs.org/programmeNeutrino 2016 was an exciting event in which past achievements were celebrated and ground-breaking new results were discussed. We look forward with excitement and anticipation to Neutrino 2018 that will take place in the beautiful city of Heidelberg.Ken Long, Imperial College London and STFCSilvia Pascoli, Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Durham University, Durham