Origin Of Inertia Research Articles

A Matrix Universe as the Origin of Inertia and Momentum and Translocation as a Chemical Reaction

A Matrix Universe as the Origin of Inertia and Momentum and Translocation as a Chemical Reaction

A Matrix Universe as the Origin of Inertia and Momentum and Translocation as a Chemical Reaction

A Matrix Universe as the Origin of Inertia and Momentum and Translocation as a Chemical Reaction

Mach's principle and Mach's hypotheses

We argue that the fundamental assertion underlying Mach's critique of Newton's first law is that inertial motion is not motion in the absence of causes; rather, it is motion whose cause lies in some homogeneous aspect of the environment. We distinguish this formal requirement (Mach's principle) from two hypotheses which Mach considers concerning the origin of inertia: that the distant stars play (1) a merely “collateral” or (2) a “fundamental” role in the causal determination of inertial motion.In his later writings, Mach deliberately avoids referring to the concept of causation, and indeed, this has made the interpretation of Mach's principle a subject of widespread controversy. However, in his earlier writings, the substance of Mach's critique is less ambiguously expressed. Therefore, close attention is given to Mach's early writings and the evolution of his thought. Various accounts in the secondary literature on Mach's principle, in particular those of Norton and DiSalle, are assessed on this basis. We end with a defence of the Machian status and legitimacy of the early Einstein's research program.

The Nature and Origin of Inertia

This paper aims to present a new theory that explains the mechanism of inertia at providing a satisfying explanation for the yet unknown mechanism for inertia. By considering the vacuum as a liquid with a measurable density, hydrodynamics laws are used to describe the behaviour of the vacuum when it is dragged by moving body. The inertia is the result of the initial resistance between the moving bodies against the static vacuum. The moving body drags the resisting vacuum during acceleration, till the point that the vacuum travels with the moving body and has the same velocity. When the body decelerates, the vacuum continues to flow and to push the body at the same direction of the original flow till its complete stop. Formulations based on Planck theory derived to prove its equivalence to Newton inertia law. Formulation based on hydrodynamics is derived to confirm the theory that the force exerted by the vacuum on static body in gravity and on moving body in inertia is equivalent to Newton law. The strong equivalence principle is reaffirmed and, consequently, Einstein’s equations are preserved.

On the Problem of Inertia in Classical Mechanics

From Newton’s classical mechanics to Einstein’s relativistic mechanics, people have a deeper understanding of the nature. In Newton’s classical mechanical system, there is an absolutely static space, which is called absolute space. In this way, the inertia of the object can be considered to be caused by the acceleration of the object. But in Einstein’s view of time and space, there is no absolute space at all, so the origin of inertia becomes a problem.

Gravitational induction with Weber’s force

According to Faraday’s law of induction, when we change the current intensity in a primary electric circuit we can induce a current in a secondary circuit under appropriate conditions. An electric current means charges in motion. Microscopically we can express Faraday’s law by saying that when we accelerate charges in the primary circuit, a force is exerted on charges of the secondary circuit, which can accelerate them. A similar effect also exists in gravity with accelerated masses, but of course with much less intensity. The phenomenon is called frame dragging and can be derived from general relativity theory. Here we present an alternative way to calculate such gravitational induction forces based on Weber’s law that only involves simple mathematics and incorporates other fundamental concepts, such as Newton’s third law, and Mach’s principle as the origin of inertia. It therefore summarizes all low-velocity gravitationally relevant effects into a single equation.

Gravity, Inertia and Dark Energy

Measurements of the density parameter of the universe Ω have slowly converged towards the critical value of 1, where the universe is defined to be flat and Euclidean. New data provided by the Planck probe suggest there may be a critical value for the dark energy component of this parameter ΩΛ. A physical significance may occur at ΩΛ = 2/3 and be connected with the origin of inertia. If future observations constrain ΩΛ to exactly this value, the implication is that dark energy originates in constraints provided by fundamental laws of physics on possible cosmologies for the universe.

Origin of inertia in large-amplitude collective motion in finite Fermi systems

We argue that mass parameters appearing in the treatment of large-amplitude collective motion, be it fission or heavy-ion reactions, originate as a consequence of their relation with Lyapunov exponents coming from the classical dynamics, and, fractal dimension associated with diffusive modes coming from hydrodynamic description.

THE PROBLEM OF INERTIA IN FRIEDMANN UNIVERSES

In this paper we study the origin of inertia in a curved spacetime, particularly the spatially flat, open and closed Friedmann universes. This is done using Sciama's law of inertial induction, which is based on Mach's principle, and expresses the analogy between the retarded far fields of electrodynamics and those of gravitation. After obtaining covariant expressions for electromagnetic fields due to an accelerating point charge in Friedmann models, we adopt Sciama's law to obtain the inertial force on an accelerating mass m by integrating over the contributions from all the matter in the universe. The resulting inertial force has the form F = -kma, where k < 1 depends on the choice of the cosmological parameters such as ΩM, ΩΛ and ΩR and is also redshift-dependent.

Mach’s principle

The underlying idea in Mach’s principle is that the origin of inertia or mass of a particle is a dynamical quantity determined by the environment, in particular the rest of the matter in the universe. In this article, we discuss the role of this idea in the Brans-Dicke theory of gravitation and the Hoyle-Narlikar cosmology.

Modified Gravity and the origin of inertia

Abstract Modified gravity theory is known to violate Birkhoff's theorem. We explore a key consequence of this violation, the effect of distant matter in the Universe on the motion of test particles. We find that when a particle is accelerated, a force is experienced that is proportional to the particle's mass and acceleration and acts in the direction opposite to that of the acceleration. We identify this force with inertia. At very low accelerations, our inertial law deviates slightly from that of Newton, yielding a testable prediction that may be verified with relatively simple experiments. Our conclusions apply to all gravity theories that reduce to a Yukawa-like force in the weak-field approximation.

Dynamic incremental scale transition with application to physics and cosmology

A new dynamic process, dynamic incremental scale transition (DIST), is proposed that could resolve longstanding issues in physics and cosmology. The DIST process implies that general relativity (GR) is generalized to also model discrete scale adjustments that will not alter Einstein's GR equations. A cosmos model based on the DIST process better agrees with observations than the standard cosmological model, and resolves several enigmatic cosmological puzzles including the progression of time, the connection between GR and quantum theory and the origin of inertia.

Dragging of inertial frames

The origin of inertia has intrigued scientists and philosophers for centuries. Inertial frames of reference permeate our daily life. The inertial and centrifugal forces, such as the pull and push that we feel when our vehicle accelerates, brakes and turns, arise because of changes in velocity relative to uniformly moving inertial frames. A classical interpretation ascribed these forces to acceleration relative to some absolute frame independent of the cosmological matter, whereas an opposite view related them to acceleration relative to all the masses and 'fixed stars' in the Universe. An echo and partial realization of the latter idea can be found in Einstein's general theory of relativity, which predicts that a spinning mass will 'drag' inertial frames along with it. Here I review the recent measurements of frame dragging using satellites orbiting Earth.

Inertial mass and the quantum vacuum fields

AbstractEven when the Higgs particle is finally detected, it will continue to be a legitimate question to ask whether the inertia of matter as a reaction force opposing acceleration is an intrinsic or extrinsic property of matter. General relativity specifies which geodesic path a free particle will follow, but geometrodynamics has no mechanism for generating a reaction force for deviation from geodesic motion. We discuss a different approach involving the electromagnetic zero‐point field (ZPF) of the quantum vacuum. It has been found that certain asymmetries arise in the ZPF as perceived from an accelerating reference frame. In such a frame the Poynting vector and momentum flux of the ZPF become non‐zero. Scattering of this quantum radiation by the quarks and electrons in matter can result in an acceleration‐dependent reaction force. Both the ordinary and the relativistic forms of Newton's second law, the equation of motion, can be derived from the electrodynamics of such ZPF‐particle interactions. Conjectural arguments are given why this interaction should take place in a resonance at the Compton frequency, and how this could simultaneously provide a physical basis for the de Broglie wavelength of a moving particle. This affords a suggestive perspective on a deep connection between electrodynamics, the origin of inertia and the quantum wave nature of matter.

Gravity, Inertia, and Quantum Vacuum Zero Point Fields

Over the past several years Haisch, Rueda, and others have made the claim that the origin of inertial reaction forces can be explained as the interaction of electrically charged elementary particles with the vacuum electromagnetic zero-point field expected on the basis of quantum field theory. After pointing out that this claim, in light of the fact that the inertial masses of the hadrons reside in the electrically chargeless, photon-like gluons that bind their constituent quarks, is untenable, the question of the role of quantum zero-point fields generally in the origin of inertia is explored. It is shown that, although non-gravitational zero-point fields might be the cause of the gravitational properties of normal matter, the action of non-gravitational zero-point fields cannot be the cause of inertial reaction forces. The gravitational origin of inertial reaction forces is then briefly revisited. Recent claims critical of the gravitational origin of inertial reaction forces by Haisch and his collaborators are then shown to be without merit.

Topological origin of inertia

The purpose of the present article, following “Mach’s principle” (the main elements of which have contributed to the foundations of general relativity) is to propose a new (non-local) interpretation of the inertial interaction. We then suggest that the inertial interaction can be correctly described by the topological field theory proposed by Witten in 1988. In such a context, the instantaneous propagation and the infinite range of the inertial interaction might be explained in terms of the topological amplitude connected with the singular zero size gravitational instanton corresponding to the Initial Singularity of space-time.

Inertial mass and the quantum vacuum fields

Even when the Higgs particle is finally detected, it will continue to be a legitimate question to ask whether the inertia of matter as a reaction force opposing acceleration is an intrinsic or extrinsic property of matter. General relativity specifies which geodesic path a free particle will follow, but geometrodynamics has no mechanism for generating a reaction force for deviation from geodesic motion. We discuss a different approach involving the electromagnetic zero-point field (ZPF) of the quantum vacuum. It has been found that certain asymmetries arise in the ZPF as perceived from an accelerating reference frame. In such a frame the Poynting vector and momentum flux of the ZPF become non-zero. Scattering of this quantum radiation by the quarks and electrons in matter can result in an acceleration-dependent reaction force. Both the ordinary and the relativistic forms of Newton's second law, the equation of motion, can be derived from the electrodynamics of such ZPF-particle interactions. Conjectural arguments are given why this interaction should take place in a resonance at the Compton frequency, and how this could simultaneously provide a physical basis for the de Broglie wavelength of a moving particle. This affords a suggestive perspective on a deep connection between electrodynamics, the origin of inertia and the quantum wave nature of matter.

Classical mechanics without absolute space.

Relative mechanics with no absolute space is shown to be equivalent to Newtonian mechanics applied in a universe of zero net angular momentum. Closed spaces in general relativity have no angular momentum and shrivel to one point as the mass-energy contained tends to zero, thereby obeying Mach's principle on the origin of inertia. \textcopyright{} 1995 The American Physical Society.

Quantum theory and the origin of inertia

The inertia of a particle is related to its motion in Minkowski spacetime via Planck's quantum of action; the connection disappears in the macrophysical domain. This suggests that the propagation of matter waves as well as electromagnetic radiation is absolute in the sense that it is independent of the motion of observers. The implications of this hypothesis and its observational consequences are briefly examined.

Wave mechanical inertia and the containment of fundamental particles of matter

It is shown that the form of a non-dispersive wave mechanical packet representing a rotating particle of matter has a sharp and finite boundary in the equatorial plane and is entirely consistent with earlier models of phase-locked cavities. The latter have been shown to possess the properties of inertia without the need of Mach's principle. Hence, it appears that the origin of inertia for all finitely bounded particles of matter lies in the feedback process that is intrinsic to phase-locked particles. The sharp bounding of the wave mechanical packet befits models of some elementary particles and may shed light on the remarkable process whereby the actions of quantum phenomena are concentrated into particular space-time events and are not diluted over large regions of the Universe.