Origin Of Funds Research Articles

Universidad, revolución y dólares: Dos estudios sobre la Guerra Fría cultural en el Uruguay de los sesenta

Universidad, revolución y dólares: Dos estudios sobre la Guerra Fría cultural en el Uruguay de los sesenta

Cannabis industry lobbying in the Colorado state legislature in fiscal years 2010-2021.

The cannabis industry has an interest in creating a regulatory environment which maximizes profits at the cost of public health, similar to the tobacco, alcohol, and food industries. This study sought to describe the cannabis industry's lobbying activities in the Colorado State Legislature over time. This retrospective observational study analyzed publicly available lobbying expenditures data from fiscal years (FY) 2010-2021. Measures included inflation-adjusted monthly lobbying expenditures by funder and lobbyist, origin of funding, and lobbyist descriptions of cannabis industry clients. This dataset was supplemented with business license documentation, legislative histories, and public testimony. The cannabis industry spent over $7 million (inflation adjusted) from FY 2010-2021 to lobby the Colorado legislature on 367 bills. Over $800,000 (11% of total cannabis spending) was from out-of-state clients. In 48% of lobbyist reports lobbyists did not disclose their funder's cannabis affiliation, and cannabis organizations used strategies that may have obscured the true amount and source of funding. Lobbyists and agencies concurrently represented the alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis industries, possibly facilitating inter-industry alliances when interests align. The cannabis industry dedicated significant resources towards lobbying the Colorado State Legislature on behalf of policies intended to increase cannabis use. Creating transparency about the relationships between the cannabis industry, related industries, and policymakers is essential to ensure appropriate regulation of cannabis products.

Group Borrowing : Microfinance-Tontine Sustainable Co-Existence. Case Of Cameroon

This paper uses a case study approach to examine the role of group account in Microfinance institutions on tontine's survival. The research investigates on the origin of funds deposited in group accounts, and its importance to group members. The collection of respondents’ perceptions will contribution to promote digital-group account – accessible both on apps and handset – for the group’s benefit. We interviewed ten participants coming from the critical stakeholders of rural finance in the community of Balessing in the west region of Cameroon. We performed a textual and content analysis of the qualitative data collected. The results showed that group accounts contribute to the financial, managerial and social development of tontine group – factors indispensable for strong cohesion and group survival. Moreover, group accounts also benefit microfinance institutions by contributing to their growth and development. From the results mentioned above, we made recommendations to consolidation the link between microfinance institutions and tontine groups through group accounts.

Lekcje płynące z historii gospodarczej — kryzys azjatycki z 1997 roku a aktualna potrzeba rozwoju źródeł finansowania w walucie krajowej od rezydentów

Kryzys azjatycki z 1997 roku stanowi cenne źródło doświadczeń dla gospodarek wschodzących jeśli chodzi o rolę systemu finansowego w fazie szybkiego rozwoju gospodarczego. W niniejszym opracowaniu analizie poddano wydarzenia kryzysowe z 1997 roku w kontekście pożądanego kierunku rozwoju systemu finansowego. Podjęte badania wskazują, że cechą charakterystyczną finansowania dłużnego w gospodarkach azjatyckich przed 1997 rokiem było rosnące podwójne niedopasowanie bilansowe (double mismatch dillema), to jest dotyczące terminów wymagalności oraz waluty pozyskiwanego finansowania. Błędem było oparcie wzrostu gospodarczego na zagranicznym krótkoterminowym finansowaniu nominowanym w walutach obcych. Studia nad kryzysem azjatyckim wskazują, że odpowiednio rozwinięte krajowe rynki finansowe powinny stanowić konkurencję wobec zagranicznych, zwłaszcza w gospodarkach wschodzących, a dywersyfikacja finansowania gospodarki, jeśli chodzi o pochodzenie środków (krajowe lub zagraniczne), może stanowić narzędzie wydłużenia terminów wymagalności pożyczek oraz redukcji niedopasowania walutowego oraz w konsekwencji zwiększać odporność gospodarki na szoki zewnętrzne.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ИТОГИ РАЗВИТИЯ БЕЗНАЛИЧНЫХ РАСЧЕТОВ В РФ НА ПРИМЕРЕ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА

A consistently functioning and branched system of noncash transactions is the foundation for the development of the digital economy and artificial intelligence. In addition, the development of noncash transactions has an impact on GDP growth, and has a positive effect on tax collection. It is the development of noncash transactions and the infrastructure of the regions that the implementation of many state programs is associated with, especially in the regions with a low level of economic development. Cash is an undesirable element in the economy, since it is a base for the development of the shadow economy, which is the reason of the Government of the Russian Federation to move to the noncash transactions among people. Noncash transactions help to track the movement and origin of funds. And the tax revenues to the budget largely depend on the level of "cashless" economy. The purpose of the article is to study the payment system of the Russian Federation, the level of development of noncash transactions in the territory of the Russian Federation in terms of regions, to identify the main reasons that hinder the development of the payment infrastructure. Descriptive statistics tools are used as a method of analysis, and the indicators of the level of "noncash" transactions are used.

An Empirical Analysis of VCPE Exits: Evidence from Indian Infrastructure Sector

The choice of exit between IPO and M&A is an inevitable decision faced by venture capital and private equity (VCPE) investors. This article examines the exits of VCPE funds from their portfolio companies in the Indian infrastructure sector. The analysis covers the influence of VCPE investors’ characteristics in terms of stages of financing and origin of funds on their choice of exit route. The article also explores the influence of syndication and board representation devices as controlling mechanisms on the exit route. The findings suggest the type of exit can be well predicted by the size of the investment, the duration of investment, and the extent of syndication. This article highlights the growing importance of VCPE for the infrastructure sector in India and makes the case that more exit options should be facilitated in order to promote further investment in the sector.

How do they learn from the past? The effect of founder prior experience on new venture formulation

This study explores how founders’ prior career experiences affect the extent to which their new ventures are formally structuralized at the founding stage, and discusses how the origin of funding s...

Multilevel risk governance and urban adaptation policy

Despite a flurry of activity in cities on climate change and growing interest in the research community, climate policy at city-scale remains fragmented and basic tools to facilitate good decision-making are lacking. This paper draws on an interdisciplinary literature review to establish a multilevel risk governance conceptual framework. It situates the local adaptation policy challenge and action within this to explore a range of institutional questions associated with strengthening local adaptation and related functions of local government. It highlights the value of institutional design to include analytic-deliberative practice, focusing on one possible key tool to support local decision-making—that of boundary organizations to facilitate local science-policy assessment. After exploring a number of examples of boundary organisations in place today, the authors conclude that a number of institutional models are valid. A common feature across the different approaches is the establishment of a science-policy competence through active deliberation and shared analysis engaging experts and decision-makers in an iterative exchange of information. Important features that vary include the geographic scope of operation and the origin of funding, the level and form of engagement of different actors, and the relationship with “producers” of scientific information. National and sub-national (regional) governments may play a key role to provide financial and technical assistance to support the creation of such boundary organizations with an explicit mandate to operate at local levels; in turn, in a number of instances boundary organizations have been shown to be able to facilitate local partnerships, engagement and decision-making on adaptation. While the agenda for multi-level governance of climate change is inevitably much broader than this, first steps by national governments to work with sub-national governments, urban authorities and other stakeholders to advance capacity in this area could be an important step for local adaptation policy agenda.

Study design attributes influenced patients' willingness to participate in clinical research: a randomized vignette-based study

Objective To identify characteristics of clinical research projects that influence patients' willingness to participate in research. Study Design and Setting We surveyed all patients discharged during 1 month from a Swiss public teaching hospital. We described four hypothetical studies and asked patients whether they would agree to participate. We randomly manipulated three study attributes in each vignette, using a factorial design. Results All studies were not equally acceptable to the 1,277 respondents. A higher willingness to participate was found when a new drug had no side effects, no additional visit was required, balanced information was given, results were in the public domain, and the project was approved by a research ethics committee. In contrast, destruction of blood samples at the end of the project, use of placebo controls, and random allocation to study arms were associated with a lower likelihood of participation. The origin of funds, financial reward, the need to complete a questionnaire, and clinical vs. economic purpose of the study did not influence willingness to participate. Conclusion Patients valued safety, convenience, oversight, and open communication in research. However, they were put off by some aspects that are valued by health care professionals. Educating the public about research methods may improve participation.

Active Learning Through Sequential Design, With Applications to Detection of Money Laundering

Money laundering is a process designed to conceal the true origin of funds that were originally derived from illegal activities. Because money laundering often involves criminal activities, financial institutions have the responsibility to detect and report it to the appropriate government agencies in a timely manner. But the huge number of transactions occurring each day make detecting money laundering difficult. The usual approach adopted by financial institutions is to extract some summary statistics from the transaction history and conduct a thorough and time-consuming investigation on those suspicious accounts. In this article we propose an active learning through sequential design method for prioritization to improve the process of money laundering detection. The method uses a combination of stochastic approximation and D-optimal designs to judiciously select the accounts for investigation. The sequential nature of the method helps identify the optimal prioritization criterion with minimal time and effort. A case study with real banking data demonstrates the performance of the proposed method. A simulation study shows the method’s efficiency and accuracy, as well as its robustness to model assumptions.

From R&D to Productivity Growth: Do the Institutional Settings and the Source of Funds of R&D Matter?

AbstractThis paper presents estimates of the long‐term impact of various sources of knowledge (R&D performed by the business sector, the public sector and foreign firms) on multifactor productivity growth of 16 countries from 1980 to 1998. The main results show that the three sources of knowledge are significant determinants of long‐term productivity growth. Further evidence suggests that several factors determine the extent to which each source of knowledge contributes to productivity growth. These factors are the absorptive capability, the origin of funding, the socioeconomic objectives of government support, and the type of public institutions that perform R&D.