Original Location Research Articles

The journey of Heritage, the journey of Experience: a reflection on physical/virtual museums

In the XIXth and XXth centuries, archaeological exploration of monumental sites uncovered large urban scenarios, architectural masterpieces, and valuable artworks. Early musealization often involved removing and relocating these findings to museums far from their original locations. This led to the creation of specialized spaces that made collections accessible to visitors and scholars. The British Museum in London, the Pergamon useum in Berlin, and the Cloisters in Manhattan present architecture out of their original context, yet fully enjoyable without travelling to distant sites. This controversial approach left gaps in archaeological sites, while parts of buildings were treated as fascinating museal exhibition objects. Today, this legacy remains visible, but digital and advanced technologies offer new possibilities. Original sites can benefit from a “digital return,” allowing the virtual reconstruction of moved items, and enhancing the perception of long-abandoned cities. In the present paper, a series of reflections in the parallel between the Pergamon Museum in Berlin and the original archaeological site in Bergama, Turkey, will be developed reflecting on how digital representation may help in reconstructing a separated and disseminated heritage, defining new interactive spaces for the contemporary visitors.

Diffusion equation quantification: selective enhancement algorithm for bone metastasis lesions in CT images

Objective.Diffusion equation (DE) imaging processing is promising to enhance images showing lesions of bone metastasis (LBM). The Perona-Malik diffusion (PMD) model, which has been widely used and studied, is an anisotropic diffusion processing method to denoise or extract objects from an image effectively. However, the smoothing characteristics of PMD or its related method hinder extraction and enhancement of soft tissue regions of medical image such as computed tomography (CT), typically leaving an indistinct region with ambient tissues. Moreover, PMD expands the border region of the objects. A novel diffusion methodology must be used to enhance the LBM region effectively.Approach.For this study, we originally developed a DE quantification (DEQ) method that uses a filter function to selectively provide modulated diffusion according to the original locations of objects in an image. The structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and Lie derivative image analysisL-value map were used to evaluate image quality and processing.Main results.We determined superellipse function with its ordern=4as a better performing filter for the LBM region. DEQ was found to be more effective at contrasting LBM for various LBM CT images than PMD or its improved models when the filter was a positive exponential similar function. DEQ yields enhancement agreeing with the indications of positron emission tomography despite complex LBM comprising osteoblastic, osteoclastic, mixed tissues, and metal artifacts, which is innovative. Moreover, DEQ retained high quality of image (SSIM> 0.95), and achieved a low mean value of theL-value (<0.001), indicative of our intended selective diffusion compared to other PMD models.Significance.Our method improved the visibility of mixed tissue lesions, which can assist computer visional framework and can help radiologists to produce accurate diagnose of LBM regions which are frequently overlooked in radiology findings because of the various degrees of visibility in CT images.

An overview of Astrocaryum (Bactridinae, Arecaceae) types from Brazil described by João Barbosa Rodrigues

João Barbosa Rodrigues, a renowned Brazilian botanist, spent years intensively studying Orchidaceae and Arecaceae and oversaw two important institutions in Brazil: the Museu Botânico do Amazonas and the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. However, when it comes to his taxonomic studies, there are controversies about the existence of specimens mentioned in the protologues of his new species. For example, for the palm genus Astrocaryum, several issues have arisen regarding identifying and designating nomenclatural types of the species he described. Different researchers presumed that the entire collection of types was destroyed after the Museu Botânico do Amazonas closed and due to natural disasters, that affected his collections in city of Rio de Janeiro. Thus, in this study we investigated the names of Astrocaryum described by Barbosa Rodrigues. We conducted a comprehensive investigation of Barbosa Rodrigues’ works to determine the origin and current location of the possible nomenclatural types associated with the Astrocaryum species he described. Additionally, we reviewed the designations proposed by Jan Wessels Boer and Sidney Glassman for these species in the previous century. Based on our thorough search, we confirmed the absence of the specimens mentioned in the protologues of these species. Furthermore, we substantiated the typifications made by Wessels Boer and Glassman, which were based on illustrations by Barbosa Rodrigues. Our findings confirm the assignment of six lectotypes and twelve neotypes for Astrocaryum based on the Shenzhen Code.

Effects of Beads and Shot Peening Intensity on the Surface Integrity and Fatigue Performance of a Stainless Gear Steel

Shot peening was performed on stainless gear steel using multiple kinds of beads at multiple intensities. The effects of shot peening on surface integrity and the rotational bending fatigue performance were tested with the crack origin location observed. The results showed that the average surface roughness increases from Sa0.408 μm to Sa1.165 μm as the shot peening intensity increases, which does not necessarily lead to an increase in surface stress concentration coefficient. The compressive residual stress profile and the depth of the hardened layer increase with the increase of shot peening intensity. During ceramic bead peening, the fatigue improvement, with a maximum of 25 times, increases with the raise of intensity (0.06–0.20 mmA), while the fatigue improvement decreases when intensity (0.2–0.30 mmA) increases using cast steel shot. Based on ceramic shot peening, a method was proposed to predict the origin location of rotational bending fatigue cracks of gear stainless steel, in which the effects of surface stress concentration, compressive residual stress, and external load introduced were all considered. By using the superposition method of external load and residual stress, the maximum actual stress corresponding depth is obtained, which is the origin position of the rotational bending fatigue crack.

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Implant Design and Configuration has a Significant Effect on Conjoint Tendon Impingement

BackgroundAnterior shoulder pain after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is not uncommon and may be due to humeral impingement against the conjoint tendon during internal rotation (IR). It is unknown what effect different implant designs and configurations have on conjoint tendon impingement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of several RSA implant design parameters on conjoint tendon impingement during IR. MethodsTwelve upper extremity cadavers were dissected to visualize and digitize the path of the coracobrachialis using a tracking system. This data was transformed onto the corresponding computer tomography derived bone models, while previous literature was used to approximate the muscle attachment locations for the conjoint tendon origin and short head of the biceps insertion. Each model then underwent three-dimensional virtual RSA implantation using a generic implant design. A baseline configuration was first implanted which utilized a 25mm glenoid baseplate placed in 0° inclination and version and positioned flush to the inferior glenoid rim with a 36mm glenosphere. The humeral baseline configuration consisted of an implant placed in 20° retroversion at a neck-shaft-angle (NSA) of 135°, centered on the humeral cut plane with a zero-thickness polyethylene cup. Additional implant designs were then configured by independently changing various design parameters including glenoid lateralization, glenosphere diameter, glenoid baseplate position, humeral polyethylene thickness, humeral component position, humeral NSA, and humeral version. Each implant configuration was then examined using a custom motion software which modeled the muscle path of both the coracobrachialis and short head of the biceps. IR was performed until conjoint tendon impingement was detected. All implant configurations were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance (P<0.05). ResultsGlenosphere size, glenoid baseplate anterior-posterior and superior-inferior position, humeral polyethylene insert thickness, humeral anterior-posterior and medial-lateral position, and humeral version significantly influenced conjoint tendon impingement (P<0.001). Glenoid lateralization and humeral NSA did not have a significant effect on conjoint tendon impingement (P>0.293). Overall, earlier conjoint tendon impingement occurred with larger glenosphere sizes, anteriorly and superiorly positioned glenoid baseplates, greater polyethylene thickness, medially and posteriorly positioned humeral implants, and greater humeral retroversion. ConclusionRSA implant parameters and positions have been identified that can significantly increase the risk of conjoint tendon impingement, such as larger glenospheres, anterosuperior baseplate & glenosphere positioning, humeral implants or trays positioned medial and posterior, and increased humeral component retroversion. These results may be considered by surgeons preoperatively to limit conjoint tendon impingement, or intra-operatively when conjoint tendon impingement is identified.

ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND URBAN DENSITY ON MODE CHOICE IN THE GREATER BRISBANE AREA

Understanding the influence of demographic factors and urban density on transportation mode choice is crucial for promoting sustainable mobility in urban areas. This study examines these influences in the Greater Brisbane Area using data from the Queensland Household Travel Survey (QHTS) collected between 2018 and 2023. We apply binomial logistic regression models to analyze how age, gender, employment status, presence of children, and urban density at origin and destination locations affect the likelihood of choosing transportation modes, including car, walking, bicycling, public transport, and Mobility as a Service (MaaS). The results indicate that higher urban density is significantly associated with reduced car usage and increased use of sustainable modes such as walking, public transport, and bicycling. Older individuals are more likely to use cars and less likely to choose active modes, while males have a higher propensity to bicycle compared to females. Employment status also influences mode choice, with employed individuals more likely to drive or use public transport and less likely to walk. Although the number of MaaS users in the dataset is limited, preliminary findings suggest potential higher adoption in high-density areas and among older individuals. These insights provide empirical evidence from Brisbane and have practical implications for urban planners and policymakers. Enhancing infrastructure for sustainable transportation in densely populated areas and considering demographic factors can promote sustainable mobility patterns. Future research should include additional variables such as transportation supply factors and use longitudinal data to explore causal relationships. Investigating the barriers to MaaS adoption in Brisbane would also be valuable for shaping future urban mobility strategies.

Global Origin and Spatiotemporal Spread of Hepatitis C Virus Epidemic Genotypes/Subtypes: A Complete Genome-Based Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Analyses.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pathogenic virus of global health concern. The phylodynamics of HCV genotypes/subtypes 1a, 1b, 2, and 3 are explored only for specific geographic regions. However, their genome based global origin and detailed spatiotemporal spread, have yet to be extensively studied. To study the global evolution of "epidemic" HCV genotypes/subtypes, we screened all available HCV complete genome sequences (n = 2744) from 27 countries worldwide for over four decades. We used representative sequences (n = 516) for phylodynamic and phylogeographic analyses, examining HCV worldwide origin, transmission, and spatiotemporal spread. We are the first to study the global phylogeography of genotype 2. The evolutionary rates for genotype/subtype 1a, 1b, 2, and 3 are 1.109 × 10-3, 1.096 × 10-3, 5.013 × 10-3 and 1.483 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year respectively. We deduced tMRCAs and origin location of respective HCV genotype/subtype as 1909.21 (United States), 1893.36 (Japan), 981.76 (France), and 1714.89 (India). We estimated their migration pattern with time to and from different continents. The origin location of genotype 2 was estimated to be France instead of previous postulated African origin. This can be related to slave trade, French colonization, and previous studies on specific geographic regions only. HCV genotypes/subtypes showed transmission and expansion due to factors like World War II, iatrogenic infections, "baby boomer" population, inefficient medical screening, intravenous drug use, decline due to antiviral therapy introduction. Our study provides novel and extensive information about the evolutionary history and spatiotemporal spread of the HCV genotypes responsible for most infections worldwide.

Additive Manufacturing Oriented Parametric Design Automation of Adaptive Joint System for an Irregular Form Gridshell Structure

In architectural engineering, triangular tessellation using polygon mesh topology is one of the commonly used computational geometric approaches to simplify a free curved building façade into flat triangular facets and their subsequent straight edges. In such a façade system, exterior panels are supported by a network of profiles that correspond to their edges hidden behind the panels at an offset distance. A group of profiles, derived from the edges common to a node point of tessellated panels (i.e., the outermost panels enveloping the building), may dislocate from each other when offset from their original locations due to non-coplanar alignment and unique offset directions and distances. This dislocation problem gives rise to geometric complications in nodal connector design in addition to varying in the connected profile count and orientations. Design considerations regarding the effects of ’offset vertex dislocation’ (i.e., the dislocation of the edges when it offsets from the original topology due to incoherent normal direction) should incorporate proper variables in the correct sequence based on a fundamental understanding that causes the dislocation problem. However, it is very often these topological problems pertaining to offset that are neglected, leading to subsequent design flaws. Such oversights diminish the inherent strengths of DfMA (design for manufacture and assembly) and design automation. This study develops a computational mathematical approach aimed at addressing the geometric complexities in nodal connector design. It focuses on two main areas: the precise positioning of substructure profiles essential for the design and a design automation approach that minimizes the length of the nodal connector arms to enhance 3D printing productivity. A life-scale proof-of-concept structure based on an automated parametric design process that implements the research findings demonstrates the application, incorporating 3D-printed PA12 (Polyamide-12) nodal connectors.

Egg Production, Egg Development, and Mortality of Zoo-Bred Ozark Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi).

Populations of Ozark hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi, Grobman 1943) in Missouri and Arkansas are federally listed as endangered. The Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute's Ron and Karen Goellner Center for Hellbender Conservation, in collaboration with the Missouri Department of Conservation and US Fish and Wildlife Service, has developed a sustainable conservation breeding and head-starting program, a priority for species recovery. Using 9 years of program data, we examined various egg production, egg development, and mortality responses of Zoo-bred Ozark hellbenders. Our results identified river of origin and breeding location as important predictors of egg production responses including average breeding female total lengths as well as brooding male clutch size, total egg count, and the estimated number of female clutches, respectively. We found that breeding group generation was a significant predictor of Zoo-bred hellbender egg development responses with hellbenders from the first breeding group generation ovipositing later and producing eggs that hatch later and develop longer than hellbenders from the second-generation breeding group. These responses are consistent with females from the first breeding group generation being larger at the time of reproduction. Breeding group generation was also a significant predictor of proportional egg and total mortality, while the proportion of hatchling mortality was best predicted by breeding location, and the proportion of larval mortality was best predicted by river of origin. Ultimately, our results provide baseline metrics for the program and identify areas for further inquiry to maximize the success of future conservation breeding and head-starting efforts at the Zoo.

The dynamic response of the floodplain herb Centipeda cunninghamii to managed flooding of the semi-arid River Murray

ABSTRACT River regulation can isolate the river channel from its floodplain, reducing flooding and causing vegetation to decline. Inundating isolated floodplains with environmental flows can re-invigorate natural vegetation suffering from hydrologic alteration. The floodplain between Locks 5 and 7 along the lower River Murray in South Australia was inundated in summer 2005–2006 by a managed weir-pool surcharge. We observed a highly variable response to inundation in the frequency and spatial distribution of the perennial floodplain herb, Centipeda cunninghamii (common sneeze-weed). Generally, there was little change in C. cunninghamii abundance or distribution prior to the surcharge. At most sites, C. cunninghamii frequency declined immediately after the surcharge, presumably as existing plants died due to prolonged inundation. At one site, C. cunninghamii did not recover and disappeared. At the other sites, C. cunninghamii re-grew, either in the same location as it was prior to the surcharge, or on a different part of the floodplain. However, at these latter sites, C. cunninghamii tended to recolonise its original location in less than two years. The use of regulatory structures to reconnect river-floodplain ecosystems should be used more widely as this can have a positive environmental impact by altering both floodplain vegetation frequency and distribution.

Influence of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling on the Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Laser-Cladding-Repaired 300M Steel Components

Abstract Herein, to address the issue of decreased tensile and fatigue performances observed in 300M steel scratched parts after laser-cladding repairing, an ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP) was employed to enhance the strength of the laser-cladding-repaired (LCR) samples. Results indicated that USRP led to the formation of a strengthening layer on the surface of the samples. In the parent material area, the thickness of the strengthening layer was 180 μm, while in the cladding area, it was 35 μm. The superficial microhardness increased by 11.6% in the parent material area and by 5.0% in the cladding area. Furthermore, the surface residual stress transitioned from tensile to compressive stress, reaching a maximum of 1169.9 MPa. Improvements were observed in the tensile performance, as evidenced by a reduction in the length of the tearing ridge in the fracture morphology. In addition, the fatigue life considerably increased, initially increasing and then decreasing as the number of rolling passes increased. After four cycles of USRP, the fatigue life of the samples was the highest, which was about 18.4 times that of an unprocessed sample. The origin location of cracks shifted from the surface to the interior of the samples. This shift was accompanied by a decrease in the instantaneous fracture area and the emergence of additional secondary cracks. These experimental results demonstrate that USRP is an effective technique for improving the tensile and fatigue performances of LCR 300M steel samples.

Comparing cancer stage at diagnosis between migrants and non-migrants: a meta-analysis.

Migrants face barriers accessing healthcare, risking delays in cancer diagnosis. Diagnostic delays result in later stage diagnosis which is associated with poorer cancer survival. This review aims to compare the differences in cancer stage at diagnosis between migrants and non-migrants. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of three databases from 2000 to 2023 for studies conducted in OECD countries that compared stage at diagnosis between migrants and non-migrants. Meta-analysis compared odds ratios (OR) for early (stage I and II) stage at diagnosis. The Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Exposure tool was used to assess study quality. 41 of the 11,549 studies identified were included; 34 studies had suitable data for meta-analysis. Overall, migrants were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with early stage cancer compared with non-migrants (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.78-0.91). This difference was maintained across cancer types, although only statistically significant for breast (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.70-0.87) and prostate cancer (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.85-0.99). Published studies indicate that migrants are less likely to be diagnosed with early stage cancer. Variation by cancer type, study location and region of origin highlights the need for further research to understand these differences.

Isotopic heterogeneity in U.S. Urban water supply systems reflects climatic, environmental, and sociodemographic factors: Implications for forensic identification.

The forensic application of stable oxygen isotope data from human tissues depends on naturally occurring isotopic variation in drinking water across geographic areas. One factor which complicates interpretation of forensic data is local variability: if a wide range of drinking water values is in a small geographic region it may be difficult to identify or rule out that region as a location of origin. We examine data from community collection programs documenting tap water isotope variation within 30 cities\developed areas throughout the United States. Isotopic variation within individual developed areas ranged widely, from essentially nil to greater than 9‰ (δ18O interdecile range). Many (14/30) of the study areas exhibited multi-modal isotope distributions, even in cases where the isotopic range was very small (e.g., <2.0‰), suggesting that the use of multiple, isotopically different sources was common. Most variation was attributed to differences in the source-region altitude or degree of evaporation for different water sources, and we observe limited variation in areas where contrasts in these variables are small. Variation tended to be largest in cities across the western USA. We explored correlations between the magnitude of local isotopic variation and climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic variables. We found that higher levels of variation occurred at sites where local water resources were likely to be more isotopically heterogeneous and in lower supply, consistent with the development of supply systems in these areas that access diverse and isotopically heterogeneous water resources. We also found that variation was positively correlated with larger developed areas, suggesting that pressures related to city growth may affect the degree to which infrastructure tapping diverse water resources is developed. Collectively, our results suggest that the influence of local tap water isotope heterogeneity on the precision of forensic geolocation is systematic and somewhat predictable, information to be factored into future applications.

NIMG-77. MRI PHENOMENON OF PUNCTATE ENHANCING LESIONS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH IDH INHIBITORS

Abstract BACKGROUND Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) response assessment is essential in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas and provides evidence of treatment efficacy. Ivosidenib, a mutant IDH1 inhibitor, and vorasidenib, a pan-mutant IDH inhibitor, may induce imaging stabilization or improvement. We describe an imaging phenomenon of punctate enhancing lesions in patients receiving ivosidenib or vorasidenib. METHODS From October 2020 to December 2023, we identified patients treated with IDH inhibitors who developed punctate enhancing lesions on imaging during their treatment course. We report their clinical and imaging characteristics. RESULTS In our cohort (n=5), patients age range was 29-47 years. Diagnoses included astrocytoma grades 2 (n=2) or 3 (n=1), and oligodendroglioma grades 2 (n=1) or 3 (n=1). Beside all having a prior resection, two had prior radiation therapy and temozolomide, one had prior temozolomide only and two were treatment-naïve. Before initiation of IDH inhibitor, all patients had some evidence of enhancement, albeit small (&amp;lt;1 cm) for most. Four patients received ivosidenib (500mg daily) and one received vorasidenib (40mg daily). The median time to develop punctate lesions from treatment initiation was 16 months (range 1-28 months). All but one lesion was &amp;lt; 1 cm and adjacent to the original tumor locations. Four had FLAIR correlation, and two had high DWI signal without associated restricted diffusion. Punctate lesions resolved on subsequent imaging, within 1-2 months, for all grade 2 tumors. Punctate lesions persisted in the grade 3 tumors, without further progression. Four patients remain on therapy. One discontinued treatment due to this enhancement, which resolved on subsequent imaging. CONCLUSIONS Punctate enhancing lesions may develop in patients on IDH inhibitors. We advocate for close interval imaging monitoring in these cases since they may not universally require treatment discontinuation. Future advanced imaging and tissue evaluations of punctate enhancement, to differentiate between inflammatory response and progression, would be of interest.

Short-Term Changes in Food Spatial Distribution by Zoo Husbandry Practices Increase Agonism and Affect Feeding Behavior in Chilean Flamingos (Phoenicopterus chilensis): A Case Study

ABSTRACT Short-term modifications to animals’ enclosures, stemming from zoo husbandry practices, can significantly impact animal behavior and, consequently, their welfare. In this case study, we examined a captive-bred population of 23 adult Chilean flamingos (Phoenicopterus chilensis) during a non-breeding season to evaluate whether short-term alterations in the spatial distribution of feeders would affect the birds’ feeding and agonistic behaviors. Initially, we developed an ethogram to establish baseline behavioral data. Subsequently, we assessed individual (latency to approach the feeders) and group (feeding and agonism) responses to feeder changes using an ABA-type experimental design (A1 and A2 feeders at the original location; B feeder location changed). Latency to approach feeders was also correlated with the birds’ sex and body weight. The results revealed that during and immediately after the alterations, agonistic behaviors at the most frequently used feeding site by the flamingos increased, while the use of alternative food sources decreased significantly. Latency was not influenced by the birds’ sex or body weight. These findings emphasize the importance of closely monitoring even seemingly minor changes in food spatial distribution to prevent negative impacts on the behavior, and presumably, the welfare of flamingos.

ST-TNet: An spatio-temporal joint transformer network for CSI feedback in FDD-MIMO systems

In recent years, deep learning methods have been shown to have strong potential and superiority in reducing channel state information (CSI) feedback overhead and further improving feedback accuracy to maximize the performance benefits of massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) in frequency division duplex (FDD) mode. As the CSI matrices are transformed into sequences for input to the Transformer model, the rearrangement leads to the loss of the original physical location relationships. Based on this problem, this paper proposes a transformer decoder based on spatio-temporal joint (ST-T). We employ a spatial attention mechanism to compensate for this information loss and focus on key spatial features more accurately, further exploiting the potential of single- and two-layer transformers in reconstructing CSI matrices. The results are validated by simulations based on DCRNet and CLNet encoders, which show that higher performance can be achieved with lower computational load compared to other lightweight models.

An Empirical Inquiry into the Nature of Systematic Discrimination and Trajectory of Increasing Communal Segregation in India

This study explores the ongoing communal discrimination of Muslims and forced segregation. This large-scale discrimination of Muslims at every level is a recent phenomenon, primarily attributed to regular religious riots and stat neglect to the issue. The study relies on field evidence and extensive literature review to understand the nature of the ghettoization process. In recent decades, Gujarat has become a focal point of communal tension, forces Muslim population to relocate to several within the state and sometime other parts of the country in search of safety from their original locations. It uses Juhapura area as a case to illustrate the discriminatory processes. These ghettos are underdeveloped and lack the physical and socioeconomic infrastructure necessary for a basic standard of living.

Predicting trajectory destinations based on diffusion model integrating spatiotemporal features and urban contexts

ABSTRACT Accurately predicting travel destinations in a city from partial trajectories is crucial for many location-based services. This task faces two challenges: data sparsity and the complex probability distribution of destinations. Previous studies neglected the fusion of spatiotemporal features and urban contexts, which limited their effectiveness in characterizing trajectory patterns and exacerbated data sparsity issues. Most methods either predicted a single destination or the probability of each predefined sub-region, but they struggled with the modifiable areal unit problem. To address these problems, we propose an approach based on the diffusion probabilistic model, comprising a trajectory encoder and a diffusion decoder. The trajectory encoder extracts four embeddings to represent spatiotemporal features and urban contexts, integrating them using an attention mechanism to mitigate data sparsity. The diffusion decoder recovers the complex destination probability distribution and predicts multiple candidate destinations without predefined regional units, effectively addressing the modifiable areal unit problem. Experiments on driving trajectories in Shenzhen, China, show an average improvement of 10.80% across four metrics compared to state-of-the-art methods. We also observed the influence of trajectory length and origin location on prediction accuracy. The results validate the importance of modeling destination probability distributions, as well as integrating spatiotemporal features and urban contexts.

Risk factors for neonatal admission from the beginning of pregnancy in Northeast Spain.

Maternal health and gestational control are crucial to improving the newborn's prognosis. This study analyses demographic and obstetric factors at the beginning of pregnancy related to neonatal health, assessing their impact on the risk of hospital admission and prematurity. Observational retrospective study conducted in Northeast Spain with data of 9560 newborns between February 2017 and February 2022. The following have been evaluated as risk factors for hospital admission: nulliparity, multiple gestation, fertilisation techniques, foreign maternal origin, maternal age, smoking and residential location, dividing the sample according to gestational age. Hypothesis testing and logistic regression were performed. Nulliparity, fertilisation techniques and multiple gestation represent a risk factor for neonatal admission (OR 22.48, 4.04 and 3.34, respectively), especially in premature newborns <32 weeks of GA (OR: 30.71, 10.71 and 22.76, respectively). Foreign maternal origin also adds risk of admission, both in term newborns (OR 1.26; CI: 1.10-1.43) and in premature babies <32 weeks of GA (OR 1.61; CI: 1.09-2.38). Tobacco does not present a significant risk of neonatal admission. The multivariate analysis model confirms the influence of the following factors in all the studied groups: nulliparity, multiple gestation and foreign maternal origin. Nulliparity and multiple pregnancies are both main risk factors for neonatal admission and premature delivery. The use of fertilisation techniques and the foreign origin of the mother significantly associate increased risk of admission and neonatal prematurity. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to prenatal care to improve neonatal prognosis and promote long-term health in risk populations.

Ultrasonic fully reversed axial tests for exploring the very high cycle fatigue of composite materials

In the present work, the feasibility of axial ultrasonic tests for exploring the fully reversed fatigue response of composite materials even in the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) regime is proved. VHCF tests are run on hourglass specimens made of twill 2x2 carbon woven fabric impregnated with epoxy resin with stacking sequences [0]8 and [0/90/+45/-45]s and designed through Finite Element (FE) modal analysis. The stress distribution within the specimen and the absence of buckling are first determined through an extensive strain gage campaign, which has validated the FE model. As the temperature is a main concern in ultrasonic tests, the temperature increment within the composite specimen is investigated by means of an embedded fiber optic sensor and controlled during the tests with an infrared sensor. With the proposed experimental setup, fully reversed ultrasonic tests have been carried out up to 109 cycles and the failure of the two investigated specimen types has been analyzed by comparing the failure origin location in relation to the stress distributions.