Orientation Subscales Research Articles

Recreational Physical Activity and the Mediterranean Diet: Their Effects on Obesity-Related Body Image Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorders.

Obesity is a non-communicable disease that is associated with a number of serious physical and mental health conditions. The present study examines the effect of recreational physical activity and the Mediterranean diet on body image dissatisfaction and propensity for eating disorders. It is based on 1311 participants categorized by body mass index (BMI) into a normal ΒΜΙ group (NBG; N = 513), an overweight and obese ΒΜΙ group (OBG; N = 492), and a control group (CG; N = 309). All participants completed the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Mediterranean Diet Score (MedDietScore), and Fitness Evaluation and Fitness Orientation subscales from the original Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that the overall prediction of the variables was statistically significant. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) demonstrated the existence of significant interactions between groups and gender across a range of scales. Despite higher body image dissatisfaction in the OBG group, they maintained positive self-esteem and did not exhibit eating disorder tendencies. Notably, women reported greater dissatisfaction than men across all three groups. Our findings have practical implications for public health promotion strategies, policymaking, future research, and clinical practice. Encouraging regular exercise and adherence to the Mediterranean diet could improve body satisfaction and reduce eating disorder risk. Policymakers can advocate for community-based policies promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits.

Using a nonparametric item response theory model to identify patterns of cognitive decline: The Mokken scale analysis.

Cognitive decline, particularly in dementia, presents complex challenges in early detection and diagnosis. While Item Response Theory (IRT) has been instrumental in identifying patterns of cognitive impairment through psychometric tests, its parametric models often require large sample sizes and strict assumptions. This creates a need for more adaptable, less demanding analytical methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Mokken scale analysis (MSA), a nonparametric IRT model, in identifying hierarchical patterns of cognitive impairment from psychometric tests. Using data from 1164 adults over 60 years old, we applied MSA to the orientation subscale of ACE-III. Our analysis involved calculating scalability, monotone homogeneity, invariant item ordering (IIO) and response functions. The MSA effectively retrieved the hierarchical order of cognitive impairment patterns. Most items showed strong scalability and consistent patterns of cognitive performance. However, challenges with IIO were observed, particularly with items having adjacent difficulty parameters. The findings highlight MSA's potential as a practical alternative to parametric IRT models in cognitive impairment research. Its ability to provide valuable insights into patterns of cognitive deterioration, coupled with less stringent requirements, makes it a useful tool for clinicians and researchers.

Reliability, Factorial Invariance, Latent Mean Differences of the Goal Orientations in Exercise Scale (GOES) and the Relation of Ego-Task Profiles with Resilience and Life Satisfaction in Ecuadorian Sample

The Achievement Goal Theory has been commonly used in the literature and the relation between the goal orientation construct and aspects of athletes’ personality and well-being is an important element to be considered in the sports field. The objectives of this study were: (i) to confirm the reliability, factorial invariance and existence of latent mean differences of the Goal Orientations in Exercise Scale (GOES) in an Ecuadorian sample across sex; (ii) to identify the existence of subgroups of Ecuadorian students with different profiles of goal orientations to exercise; and iii) to determine the differences in resilience and life satisfaction among these profiles. A total of 597 Ecuadorian students from the Sports Sciences degree participated in this study. Confirmatory factorial analysis supported the two-dimensional (ego-task) GOES structure. The GOES has an adequate reliability and structural invariance across sex. Significant latent mean differences on the ego orientation subscale were found across sex but not in the task one. Cluster analysis identified three task-ego orientation profiles: (1) moderately high on task and low on ego; (2) low on task and slightly high on ego; (3) high in both task and ego orientation. Post hoc comparisons showed statistical differences in resilience between the three profiles and in life satisfaction between the profile 3 and profiles 1 and 2. The current study allows the possibility of using the GOES as an invariant and reliable scale in Ecuadorian sample and initiates the use of goal orientation profiles and their relationship with resilience and life satisfaction in the sports field.

Causal Model of Autonomous Motivation to Modify Dietary Behavior among People with Early-stage Chronic Kidney Disease

Dietary behavior is significant for delaying chronic kidney disease progression but is difficult to modify. Autonomous motivation is one of the key concepts that seem to be useful for behavior modification. Thus, this descriptive cross-sectional study was purposed to develop and test a causal model of autonomous motivation to modify dietary behavior among people with early-stage chronic kidney disease. Participants comprised 308 people with early-stage chronic kidney disease from ten tertiary hospitals in Thailand. Data collection employed a demographic and health information form, the Regulation of Eating Behaviour Scale: Autonomous Motivation Subscale, the General Causality Orientation Scale: Autonomy Orientation Subscale, the Health Care Climate Questionnaire Short-Form, the Importance Domain of the Aspiration Index: Intrinsic Life Aspiration Subscale, the Importance Domain of the Aspiration Index: Extrinsic Life Aspiration Subscale, and the Basic Need Satisfaction in General Scale. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling using M-plus.The results showed the final model explained 57% of the variance in autonomous motivation to modify dietary behavior. Intrinsic life aspiration, autonomy support from healthcare providers, and autonomy orientation had a positive direct effect on autonomous motivation and an indirect effect through basic psychological need satisfaction. Basic psychological need satisfaction had a positive direct effect on autonomous motivation. On the other hand, extrinsic life aspiration had neither a direct nor an indirect effect on autonomous motivation. Nurses can use these findings to design and test nursing interventions by integrating autonomy orientation, autonomy support from healthcare providers, and intrinsic life aspirations for enhancing autonomous motivation to modify the dietary behavior of this population.

Adaptation and Validation of the We-ness Questionnaire in a Turkish Sample

We-ness refers to a feeling of unity between partners, and a mental representation of the relationship as a shared identity. Despite its relevance, research on understanding partners’ sense of we-ness is limited in collectivist cultures such as Turkey. A psychometrically sound measure of we-ness is needed to increase research on we-ness. Hence, this study aimed to examine the basic psychometrics of the We-ness Questionnaire. Two hundred and nineteen married individuals participated in this study and completed the Turkish version of the We-ness Questionnaire along with the Turkish version of the Couple Satisfaction Index, Self-developmental Orientation Subscale, and Inter-relational Orientation Subscale of the Balanced Integration and Differentiation Scale. The one-factor structure of the We-ness Questionnaire was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis. Adequate convergent and discriminant validity besides satisfactory internal consistency results were achieved as a result of these analyses. Based on the preliminary investigation, the Turkish We-ness Questionnaire proved to be a promising measure of we-ness in Turkish married individuals. As such, the findings of this study were discussed regarding the previous literature, limitations were pointed out, and suggestions for future research were given.

고성취동기 학습자의 학업착수지연과정에 공부에 대한 당위적 사고가 미치는 영향

Objectives This study identified five types of high achievement goal orientations based on the concept of “mastery/performance x approach/avoidance”, and explored the relative prevalence and the academic pro-crastination paths of each type.
 Methods The participants were 1,493 in their teens and 20s. Structural equation modeling was conducted to identify whether high-achievement motivatiors experience academic procrastination due to academic difficulties and whether “should thinking” functions as a moderator in the path from academic difficulties to overwhelming feelings.
 Results Only one profile of high achievement motivation type was identified, which had high scores on all four achievement goal orientation sub-scales. The moderating effect of “should thinking” in the path to academic pro-crastination was more significant for learners with high achievement motivation than general learners.
 Conclusions This study provides theoretical implications for exploring psychological paths to academic pro-crastination and practical implications for interventions to support high achievement motivators who experience academic procrastination due to “should thinking”.

Research on the Relationship Between Ski and Snowboard Athletes’ Fear of Failure and Their Sport Enjoyment and Goal Orientation

Enjoying sport is a critical factor in understanding the sources of athletes’ enthusiasm for sport, creating enjoyable sport experiences for young athletes, maintaining their participation in sport, and setting specific goals. It is well known that fear of failure is amongst the main motivational problems on the path to achieving set goals. The inability to eliminate the fear of failure can lead to a decline in the level of fulfilment, satisfaction, and pleasure, interfering with the achievement of goals set by the athlete for a specific purpose. From this point of view, the aim of our study is to examine the effects of ski and snowboard athletes’ enjoyment of sport and goal orientation on their fear of failure in terms of various variables. This study is quantitative research in which the correlational survey model was applied. The Sources of Sports Enjoyment Scale (SSEE) adapted to Turkish by Çimen and Gürbüz (2008), the Task and Ego Orientation Scale (TEOS) adapted to Turkish by Toros (2004), and The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory translated into Turkish by Kahraman and Sungur (2016) were used. The population of the study consists of ski and snowboard athletes in Turkey, while the sample group consists of a total of 124 ski and snowboard athletes 72 of whom are male and 25 of whom are female randomly selected from various ski clubs. Significant differences were found in all sub-scales of the participants’ gender variable and sports failure scale, and in both sub-scales of participation level variable and goal orientation. Positive moderate linear relationships were observed between sources of goal orientation, ego orientation and enjoyment of sport, and between ego orientation and goal orientation. Regarding the Failure in Sports scale, the female participants who regularly attended the trainings had, on average, higher scores on the "Participation Level" variable and the "Goal Orientation" scale. As the sources of sports enjoyment increase, goal orientation and ego orientation also increase. As ego orientation increases, goal orientation also increases.Keywords: Fear of Failure, Goal Orientation, Sports, Enjoyment

THE ACHIEVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL: EFFECT OF HEARING LOSS INTERVENTION ON COGNITIVE DECLINE IN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Hearing loss in older adults is linked to accelerated cognitive decline and incident dementia in population-based observational studies; whether intervention can reduce cognitive decline is unknown. The multi-center NIH-funded ACHIEVE randomized controlled trial is testing efficacy of a best-practices hearing intervention (amplification and rehabilitation) versus a successful aging health education control intervention, on 3-year cognitive decline in 977 dementia-free adults aged 70-84 years with untreated mild-to-moderate hearing loss. This presentation will describe results for the primary outcome of 3-year cognitive decline, measured using a 10-item neurocognitive battery summarized using latent variable methods. Secondary outcomes include (1) domain-specific cognitive declines in memory, language and executive function and (2) time until cognitive impairment defined as a composite of adjudicated dementia or mild cognitive impairment diagnosis, a 3-point drop in the 30-item Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) administered in-person, or a 3-point drop in a factor score derived from the 10-item MMSE orientation subscale and 11-item Blessed scale administered over the phone and rescaled to be equivalent to the 30-item MMSE. The trial is ongoing with data closeout March/April 2023; data will be analyzed per the ACHIEVE Coordinating Center statistical analysis plan, approved by the NIA and ACHIEVE DSMB. Although preliminary results are not possible to include here to protect trial integrity, results will be available to present for GSA. ACHIEVE is the first large-scale randomized study to determine if hearing loss intervention reduces cognitive decline. Whether findings are positive or null, this study will have substantial clinical and public health impact.

The Grief Response Scale (GRS): Development and initial validation of a new instrument based on the integrative-relational model in a sample of bereaved people

IntroductionThe experience of grief and loss involves a variety of trajectories and responses, including feelings of shock or disbelief, somatic symptoms, longing for the loved one and avoidance behaviours, as well as positive reactions such as post-traumatic growth or meaning-making. Despite the large number of psychometric instruments available for assessing the pathological dimensions of grief, few tools address the different responses to bereavement. ObjectiveThe aim of this research was to develop and test the psychometric properties (factorial structure, reliability and validity) of an instrument based on the Integrative-Relational Model of grief and designed to address the grief responses (the Grief Response Scale (GRS)) in a clinical sample of participants who had experienced bereavement. MethodIn total, 379 participants were recruited from different clinics in Spain. Each participant completed a self-report questionnaire including the GRS and measures of complicated grief, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic growth. Twenty-eight clinical psychologists contacted each of the participants individually in order to carry out the assessment. ResultsExploratory factor and item analysis yielded a six-factor solution for the GRS, including symptomatological distress, avoidance orientation, loss orientation, positive changes, loss integration and social support. Reliability values ranged from ω =0.88 for the symptomatological distress subscale to ω= 0.65 for the loss orientation subscale. We assessed validity evidence using Pearson's correlations, which showed significant positive and negative associations depending on the subscale. we also found statistically significant differences between participants who met the criteria for complicated grief (ICG≥30) and those who did not. DiscussionThe GRS appears to be a suitable tool for assessing the range of grief responses in a clinical population. It can measure both complicated and pathological reactions to grief, as well as positive outcomes. The GRS may also be useful for clinicians working with bereavement and end-of-life situations.

Reliability and validity of the Japanese short-form arthritis self-efficacy scale in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study.

Self-efficacy is the belief that one can perform a specific behavior or task in the future, and it has been associated with physical and psychological aspects in people with chronic musculoskeletal disorders. The self-efficacy of individuals with arthritis can be assessed using the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale. The 8-item Short-Form ASES (ASES-8) has been employed in recent times. However, the reliability and validity of the Japanese ASES-8 (ASES-8J) have not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the ASES-8J. Overall, 179 Japanese participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were enrolled. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to confirm internal validity. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to estimate test-retest reliability. Construct validity was analyzed using the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) and the problem-solving and positive thinking subscales of Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). Discriminant validity was analyzed by comparing "worse" and "better" groups based on pain severity; short-form version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21); Brief Fear of Movement Scale for Osteoarthritis (BFOMSO); Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS); and physical function subscale of Western Ontario and McMaster Arthritis Index. Cronbach's alpha and ICC were 0.94 and 0.81, respectively. Correlation coefficients among ASES-8J, PSEQ, and Brief COPE problem-solving and positive thinking subscales were 0.42, 0.43, and 0.32, respectively. Regarding the depression and stress subscales of DASS-21, BFOMSO, and PCS, the worse group showed significantly lower ASES-8J scores than the better group. Coefficients of correlation among ASES-8J, PSEQ, and the problem-solving and positive thinking subscales of Brief COPE were low to moderate. These findings suggest that the ASES-8J is a valid and reliable tool for assessing self-efficacy in Japanese patients with knee OA and can facilitate comparisons of arthritis self-efficacy between Japanese patients and non-Japanese patients.

Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire: A Mokken Scale Analysis

Athletes’ goal orientations have been associated with a wide array of sport-related behaviors, thoughts, and perceptions. The two main goal orientations defined in the achievement goal theory framework are task and ego orientations. The task and ego orientation questionnaire (TEOSQ) was developed to assess levels of task and ego goal orientations in sport-related settings and is widely used in research in the field of sport psychology. Its use in research rests on the assumption that sum scores of the TEOSQ can be used to order individuals by their levels of the two goal orientations. In this study, the soundness of this assumption is evaluated using Mokken scale analysis (MSA). TEOSQ responses from 749 football players were used in the analysis. Both the monotone homogeneity model and the double monotonicity model were fitted. The scalability coefficients for both the task and ego orientation subscales were 0.45 indicating a moderately good scalability. Invariant item ordering did not hold for either of the two subscales. There is definite room for improvement in the TEOSQ. Several improvement suggestions are made and further research directions are discussed.

Psychological/Personal recovery and its correlates in patients with first episode psychosis.

Recovery in psychosis is a multidimensional construct. The numbers of studies specially focusing on the recovery aspects in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) are limited, with no study from India. Further, no study has looked specifically into the variables that affect recovery process in patients with FEP and little is known about factors which influence recovery in patients with FEP. To evaluate psychological recovery and its correlates in patients with FEP, currently in clinical remission. One hundred three patients of FEP in clinical remission were assessed on Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia, Calgary Depression Rating Scale for Schizophrenia, Negative Symptom Assessment 16, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale, the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Everyday discrimination Scale, Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia and social cognitive deficits in theory of mind was evaluated on the Social Cognition Rating Tools in Indian Setting-Theory of Mind. The needs of the participants were assessed on the Camberwell Assessment of Needs - Research version and Supplemental Assessment of Needs. Coping, social support, medication adherence were also assessed by standardized scales. The mean weighted score was highest for goal and success orientation subscale followed by seeking and relying on social support, personal confidence and hope, overcome the illness and awareness and control over the illness as assessed by 41 items of the RAS. The main factors identified to affect psychological recovery in patients with FEP were duration of untreated psychosis, greater psychopathology, lower self-esteem, total unmet need, feeling of discrimination and stigmatization. The present study suggests that treatment of FEP should be started at the earliest and issues such as residual psychopathology, lower self-esteem, total unmet need, feeling of discrimination and stigma during the remission phase should be addressed by psychosocial interventions to promote psychological recovery in patients with first episode psychosis.

A case-control study on depression, anxiety, and belief in sexual myths in trans women.

The purpose of our study was to investigate depression, anxiety, and belief in sexual myths in trans women. This is a prospective case-control study. The case group included 60 trans women who were referred to the Medical Biology and Genetics Department from various clinics of the research and training hospital where this study was conducted. The control group consisted of 60 healthy male individuals who presented to the same hospital for routine health follow-ups and collecting documents showing their health. In data collection, we used a Personal Information Form, the Sexual Myths Scale, and the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. The IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25.0 was used to analyze the data. In the case group, 26.7% of the participants were sex workers, and all were single. While 46.7% of the participants in the case group were living with their families, 66.7% were smokers, and 13.3% were receiving hormone treatment. All 60 participants in the control group were also single. The participants in the control group had higher levels of believing sexual myths and lower levels of anxiety and depression than those in the case group (p = 0.000). The mean scores of the participants in the control group in the Sexual Orientation and Sexual Violence subscales of the Sexual Myths Scale were higher than the mean scores of those in the case group (p < 0.05). The trans women who participated in this study had higher levels of anxiety and depression and lower levels of believing sexual myths than the control group. The mental health of trans women can be disrupted due to various treatments they are exposed to in society such as stigma, discrimination, and violence. Their higher anxiety and depression levels in this study could be explained by this exposure. This exposure could also have led to their lower total scores in the Sexual Myths Scale, as well as lower scores in the Sexual Violence and Sexual Orientation subscales.

Effects of GV1001 on Language Dysfunction in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Alzheimer's Disease: Post Hoc Analysis of Severe Impairment Battery Subscales.

The efficacy and safety of GV1001 have been demonstrated in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we aimed to further demonstrate the effectiveness of GV1001 using subscales of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), which is a validated measure to assess cognitive function in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. We performed a post hoc analysis of data from a 6 month, multicenter, phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with GV1001 (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03184467). Patients were randomized to receive either GV1001 or a placebo for 24 weeks. In the current study, nine subscales of SIB-social interaction, memory, orientation, language, attention, praxis, visuospatial ability, construction, and orientation to name- were compared between the treatment (GV1001 1.12 mg) and placebo groups at weeks 12 and 24. The safety endpoints for these patients were also determined based on adverse events. In addition to the considerable beneficial effect of GV1001 on the SIB total score, GV1001 1.12 mg showed the most significant effect on language function at 24 weeks compared to placebo in both the full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS) (p=0.017 and p=0.011, respectively). The rate of adverse events did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Patients with moderate-to-severe AD receiving GV1001 had greater language benefits than those receiving placebo, as measured using the SIB language subscale.

The Effect Of Elite Athletes' Club Environment Communication Levels On Sportsman Behavior

The aim of this research is to determine whether the in-club communications of elite athletes in different sports can predict their sportsmanship behaviors. The study group of the research consists of 145 athletes (51.7% male, 48.3% female) randomly selected in athlete training centers and TOHM centers. The club media communication levels of the athletes were measured with the 3D (trainer-athlete, athlete-athlete and manager-athlete) Club Environment Communication Questionnaire. Sportsmanship Behaviors, on the other hand, were measured with the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale, which had 4 dimensions (compliance with social norms, respect for rules and management, commitment to responsibilities in sports and respect for the opponent). While analyzing the data, multiple linear regression analysis technique was used. In the results of the research, it is seen that there are positive (linear) relations between the Scores of the Club Environment Communication and Sportsmanship Orientation Subscales. In addition, it was seen that the communication between the coach and the athlete significantly predicted the dimensions of compliance with social norms and respect for the opponent, and the communication between the athlete and the athlete significantly predicted the sub-dimension of commitment to responsibilities. The result of the study reveals that as the scores obtained from each of the sub-dimensions of club environment communication increase, the scores obtained from each of the sub-dimensions of sportsmanship orientation increase reciprocally.

Differential item functioning of the Acculturation, Habits, and Interests Multicultural Scale for Adolescents (AHIMSA) by race/ethnicity

BackgroundAcculturation is a complex multidimensional construct that plays an important role in various outcomes across many domains (e.g., psychological, behavioral, social, and developmental). While there are many acculturation measures for specific racial/ethnic groups, few multigroup measures exists. Even fewer have been psychometrically evaluated for differential item functioning (DIF; e.g., measurement invariance). This is a critical step in determining whether item properties are equivalent across groups and thus, whether scores obtained from different groups are in fact comparable. MethodsThe Acculturation, Habits, and Interests, Multicultural Scale for Adolescents (AHIMSA) was completed by first and second generation participants identifying as White, Hispanic, or Asian (n = 1399). The scale can be used to compute scores on four acculturation orientation subscales: Assimilated, Separated, Integrated, and Marginalized. Racial/ethnic DIF was evaluated for the Assimilation, Integration, and Separation subscales. ResultsAnalyses revealed racial/ethnic DIF was present for two items on the Separation scale based on McFadden’s pseudo R2. No DIF was identified for the Assimilation and Integration scales. Supplemental analyses revealed no evidence of longitudinal DIF or by generation status and some DIF by sex for Assimilation and Integration. Based on evaluation of test characteristic curves and DIF plots, it was determined that DIF was trivial and could likely be ignored. ConclusionsPsychometric properties were generally equivalent across the three racial/ethnic groups for each of the subscales evaluated. This indicates that scores obtained from each subscale could be compared across racial/ethnic groups. By establishing cross-group usability of the scale, racial/ethnic differences in acculturation orientation can be examined, and, more importantly, used in the context of research on related mental, physical, and behavioral health outcomes.

The improvement in research orientation among clinical nurses in Qatar: a cross-sectional study.

The main barrier to engaging nurses in research is the lack of research knowledge and skills. To explore the influence of research workshops on the research orientation of nurses in a large referral hospital in Qatar. This article describes a cross-sectional study involving 564 nurses working in 14 health facilities who attended research workshops in Qatar. The authors collected data using the Edmonton Research Orientation Survey (EROS) as well as questions considering support and barriers to research. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise and determine the sample characteristics and distribution of participants. The participants who attended the workshop were found to have a higher orientation towards the EROS sub-scales of evidence-based practice, valuing of research, involvement in research, being at the leading edge of the profession and support for research, compared to those who did not attend the workshop. There was no statistical difference between the groups in the research barrier sub-scale. Despite significant improvements in their responses to the EROS research orientation sub-scales after attending the workshop, the nurses still reported many barriers to being actively engaged in research. Healthcare organisations should assist with integrating evidence-based practice into healthcare. There is a need for research education for clinical nurses to bring evidence into clinical practice to improve the quality of patient outcomes. Increasing the research capacity of nurses will lead to their emancipation in addressing the flaws in clinical practice and motivate them to use evidence in patient care.

Professional values and ethical sensitivities of nurses in COVID-19 pandemic.

BackgroundNurses are facing several ethical problems like the safety of the nurses, patients, co‐workers, and families, allocation of scarce resources, and the changing nature of the relationships of nurses with patients and families during the COVID‐19 pandemic. These have caused nurses to have feelings such as stigmatization, fear, anger, anxiety, uncertainty, work‐related strain, and burnout. Identifying nurses' ethical sensitivities and professional values are highly important to ensure that nurses are placed in the right decision‐making position. This descriptive correlational study was carried out to evaluate the professional values and ethical sensitivities of nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA quantitative descriptive and correlational study was performed with 245 nurses in Turkey. The “personal information form,” the “nurses professional values scale‐revised (NPVS‐R),” and the “moral sensitivity questionnaire (MSQ)” were employed for data collection.ResultsThe nurses' 52.7% reported facing an ethical dilemma. Also, 40.3% of the nurses who had an ethical dilemma during the pandemic failed to solve it. The mean NPVS‐R scores of the nurses had statistically significant negative correlations with mean scores of the overall MSQ and its autonomy, benefit, integrative approach, and orientation subscales (p < .05). The nursing staff had high levels of professional values and moral sensitivities.ConclusionProfessional value perceptions were enhanced, and moral sensitivities were improved. Age and professional experience were identified as factors that affected the professional value perceptions and moral sensitivities of the nurses. The results will form the basis for future studies and contribute to the resolution of ethical dilemmas experienced by nurses.

Examining the structure of authenticity: A factor analytic study of the Authenticity Scale and Authenticity Inventory Subscales.

Authenticity has received much empirical research attention in recent years. It is currently often measured using one of two psychometric tools - The Authenticity Scale (AS) and The Authenticity Inventory (AI). Although the development of both was influenced by similar theoretical ideas, their operational definitions are different. The AS consists of three subscales of authentic living, self-alienation, and accepting external influence, whereas the AI consists of four subscales of awareness, unbiased processing, behavior, and relational orientation. In order to understand the overall construct of authenticity, including all its varied aspects, two studies were conducted. In study 1 (N=1049), the three AS and four AI subscales were subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis. Results showed that the subscales from these two instruments all loaded highly on a two-component model, which we represented as a distinction between outer and inner expressions of authenticity. In study 2 (N=527) Confirmatory Factor Analysis found the two factor model to be a good fit. In addition, in study 2 we also investigated the association of these two factors with social desirability, showing that greater authenticity was associated with lower social desirability. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the conceptualization of authenticity and suggest that both authenticity tools measure aspects of this two-factor model. These results provide a new framework to synthesize previous data on authenticity more effectively, and to develop new tools for the understanding and assessment of authenticity.

Attitudes of polish nurses towards representatives of certain religions

BackgroundThe verification of attitudes of nurses towards people of different religions is essential when it comes to anticipating opportunities for cooperation in the field of provision of healthcare. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the attitudes of Polish nurses, on the example of nurses living in the Lesser Poland region (southern Poland) towards representatives of certain religions.MethodsThe study was cross-sectional and was carried out using both the diagnostic survey and method of estimation. The selection of the study group was purposeful. The research tools used in the study include the Bogardus’ Social Distance Scale adapted by Jasińska-Kania and Staszyńska; Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) by Sidanius and Pratto; Social Approbation Questionnaire by Drwal and Wilczyńska and Author’s questionnaire. A significance level of 0.05 was assumed in the analyzes. The research was carried among 1271 professionally active nurses.ResultsThe respondents showed the least significant social distance towards the Orthodox and Protestants and the most significant towards the Muslims. There was a considerable dependence when it comes to the level of the social distance of the respondents shown on sociodemographic variables and frequency of contact with Others, provision of healthcare to people of different religions, and training on transcultural nursing. The relationship between SDO and the modified Bogardus Scale has been shown. All subscales of the Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) correlated significantly and negatively with the Bogardus scale.ConclusionsThe study outcomes show that there is a need to train nurses on transcultural nursing.