Orientalis Schiner Research Articles

First record of Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae) in France

AbstractThe first record of the pepper fruit fly, Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868, in mainland France is reported in this paper. Larvae were found in 2022 in fruits of Capsicum annuum and adults were reared in 2023 from Passiflora caerulea fruits in two localities of southern France. This species has pantropical distribution and is characterized by sarco‐saprophagous habits, but in some conditions can act as a primary pest of Solanaceae crops.

Forensic investigation of carcass decomposition and dipteran fly composition over the summer and winter: a comparative analysis of indoor versus outdoor at a multi-story building.

This study aimed to explore the rate of decomposition of rabbit carcasses and the succession pattern of the associated dipteran flies outdoor, indoor, and on the roof of a 4-story building during the summer and winter. A total of 6,069 flies were recorded, with 30.91% reported as 2 waves outdoor and on the roof in the summer and 69.09% as 4 waves outdoor in the winter. The roof showed the most flies in the summer but the least in the winter, whereas the outdoor showed the most in the winter but the least in the summer. The ground and first floors showed the most indoor flies, while the second and third floors showed the least in both seasons. Indoor carcasses decomposed slower than those outdoor, and those on the second and third floors decomposed slower than those on the ground and first floors. Ten fly species from 8 families were identified in the winter, compared to 6 from 5 families in the summer. The most abundant species was Musca domestica Linnaeus (Muscidae) on the roof in the summer, while it was Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemannn) (Calliphoridae) outdoor in the winter. The rare species (singletons) were Musca sp. (Muscidae) and Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Phoridae) on the first floor in both seasons, Scaptomyza pallida (Zetterstedt) (Drosophilidae) on the ground floor in the summer, and Atherigona orientalis Schiner (Muscidae) outdoor in the winter. These data highlight the variance in carcass decomposition and fly composition across outdoor, indoor, and the roof of human dwellings, which could be of forensic importance.

New biogeographic distribution record of phytophagous syrphid, Eumerus vestitus Bezzi, its biosystematics, host preferences and association behavior

Eumerus is an agriculturally important speciose genus of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) possessing obscure taxonomic status with less information available on its diversity and ecology especially in the Oriental region. We report the first ever distribution record of Eumerus vestitus Bezzi 1912 from the Oriental region. Also this is the first report of E. vestitus Bezzi feeding on fruits of tomato. Association of E. vestitus Bezzi with Atherigona orientalis Schiner, which shared the same larval niche, was discussed. The species was redescribed with illustration of male and female specimens including the male genitalia. The species identity was reconfirmed with DNA barcoding by sequencing the 5/region of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI-5P). The evolutionary history inferred by constructing a phylogenetic tree using Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model showed that E. vestitus Bezzi clustered with E. obliquus (Fab.) thus reconfirming, by molecular means, the evolutionary affinity of the species with the E. obliquus species complex.

The first record of the pantropical filth fly Atherigona orientalis Schiner from mainland Europe and another record of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp) from Spain (Diptera: Muscidae)

Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868, and Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) are recorded from southeast Spain, attracted to a carrion bait trap. The record of A. orientalis Schiner is the first occurrence of this species from the European mainland.

Taxonomy of the genus Atherigona Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) from Korea

AbstractThe Korean shoot fly genus Atherigona Rondani is reviewed taxonomically. A total of five species was identified: A. (Acritochaeta) orientalis Schiner, A. (Atherigona) biseta Karl, A. (Atherigona) falcata (Thomson), A. (Atherigona) oryzae Malloch, and A. (Atherigona) bifurca sp. nov. Of these, A. (Atherigona) bifurca sp. nov. is new to science, and A. (Atherigona) biseta Karl and A. (Atherigona) falcata (Thomson) are reported for the first time in Korea. A key to Korean species and photographs of external features are provided.

First record of Atherigona reversura Villeneuve (Diptera: Muscidae) feeding on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon cv. Jiggs, Poaceae) in Brazil: morphological and molecular tools for identification

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon cv. Jiggs) is an important food source for dairy cattle in the semi-intensive milk production systems most often used in southern Brazil. Although many insect pests are associated with feed grasses, we report here the first occurrence of the fly Atherigona (Atherigona) reversura Villeneuve, 1936 (Diptera: Muscidae) feeding on bermudagrass in Brazil. This potential pest was observed in April 2015 in three localities (Abelardo Luz, Palmitos, and Videira) in western Santa Catarina, in southern Brazil. The infested plants had senescent and necrotic terminal leaves that reduced plant growth. New growth had to sprout new tillers from basal nodes, which resulted in a reduced plant growth rate. We also provide a morphological identification key (with figures) for A. (Atherigona) reversura and A. (Acritochaeta) orientalis Schiner, 1868. A molecular identification based on COI is also provided to better differentiate species.

First finding of a quarantine pest, Atherigona (Acritochaeta) orientalis Schiner (Diptera: Muscidae), in Korea

AbstractThe invasive quarantine pest fly, Atherigona (Acritochaeta) orientalis Schiner, is observed for the first time in tomato greenhouses in Gyeongsangbuk‐do, Korea. The genus Atherigona Rondani is also newly added to Korean fauna. Allium tuberosum is listed as a new host crop for this species. Some morphological characteristics for accurate identification and host lists are given to provide plant quarantine information for pest management.

ENTEROBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SYNANTHROPIC FLIES (DIPTERA, CALYPTRATAE) IN MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA

<p>Enterobacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) causing enteric diseases can be carried and dispersed through insects that act as mechanical vectors, especially flies (Insecta: Diptera). In this study, enterobacteria associated with synanthropic flies were isolated and identified; four different urban areas in the municipality of Medellín were surveyed. Thirteen taxa of calyptrate flies belonging to four families were identified and classified according to the Mechanical Vector Risk Index (MVRI) value, which is proposed in this study. Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794), Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), and Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 are of high risk; Fannia sp., Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868, and Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) of moderate risk; remaining species were classified as low or no risk. Escherichia coli was the most frequent bacterium according to the number of isolations (32%), followed by Klebsiella oxytoca (12%), Pasteurella pneumotropica (11%), and Kluyvera spp. (8%). Raoultella ornithinolitica, Stenotrophomponas maltophilia, and Chryseobacterium menigosepticum were isolated for the first time from flies. Finally, 22 new records of bacteria associated with eight fly species were reported. The results allow us to foresee the existence of a generalist pattern in the interaction between flies and bacteria and indicate that synanthropic flies have a quantifiable potential as vectors of infectious diseases according to the index proposed.</p>

Effect of Physical Characters on Susceptibility of Chilli pepper Fruits, Capsicum spp. to Infestation by Atherigona orientalis Schiner (Diptera:Muscidae)

Some physical characters (nature of calyx, fruit texture, colour of fruits at maturity and type of mesocarp) were assessed for their relatives roles in the susceptibility of five varieties of two species of chilli’ peppers, Capsicum annum and C. frutescens to infestation by the pepper fruitfly, Atherigona orientalis Schiner, under laboratory conditions (25 – 31°C and 73 – 88% R.H.). Higher numbers of eggs were deposited on pepper varieties with open and raised calyx, yellow colour, and fleshy mesocarp than on those with tight and closed calyx, red colour or non-fleshy mesocarp. Development was also shorter in Nsukka yellow than in the other varieties: Developmental periods of A. orientalis also differ significantly between these morphological characters of the fruits. Higher percentage of adults, emerged from Nsukka yellow or other’ varieties with open and raised calyces than from varieties with closed calyces. Availability ‘of nutrients provided by the fleshy mesocarp to the immature stages probably induced red and promoted more rapid growth and development of the pepper fruitfly.

Pupation sites of the pepper fruit fly, Atherigona orientalis (Schiner) (Diptera: Muscidae)

Fruits of five local pepper varieties popularly known in the eastern States as Nsukka yellow, atarugu, Tatashi (all of Capsicum annum), Bird’s eye chilli and Local medium red (Ogoni pepper) both of C. frutescens were evaluated for their choice as pupation substrates/sites by the pepper fruitfly, Atherigona orientalis Schiner, a dipterous pest of pepper fruits in Nigeria. Observations revealed that pupation occurred both within and outside pepper fruits both in the laboratory and in the field. High significant differences existed in the number of third instar larvae that pupated within the fruits of different pepper varieties in 1995 and 1996. There was gross significant difference in the number of pupae within Nsukka yellow (this variety recorded the highest number of pupae both in the laboratory and field and in the field) and in Bird’s eye chilli variety which recorded no pupa in both laboratory and field conditions. Further analysis using t-test also ‘revealed high significant differences the larvae that pupated within fruits and those that pupated outside fruits in both laboratory and field conditions in 1995 and 1996. A conclusion was drawn that the pupation sites of A. orientalis occurs mostly within pepper fruits in both laboratory and field conditions.

Dípteros caliptrados (Muscidae e Anthomyiidae) da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, RJ: II. Atratividade e freqüência sazonal

Nine thousand, six hundred and ninety-one flies of the family Muscidae (47 species) and Anthomyiidae (2 species) were captured. Flies were collected in three ecologically distinct areas (urban, rural and forest) within the metropolitan region of the city of Rio de Janeiro using as baits decomposing fish, bovine liver, fresh human faeces and mashed banana with sugar. Fish attracted the highest number of flies all over the year. Large number of flies were always collected in the summer and spring but reduced in the winter. Among several species of flies, Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868, Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 and Synthesiomya nudiseta (Wulp, 1883) were always frequent.

Practical Identification of the Females of Five Species ofAtherigonaRondani (Diptera, Muscidae) in Kenya

Abstract Morphological characters are described and illustrated to permit identification of the females of five species of Atherigona (A. soccata Rondani, A. conigera van Emden, A. trapezia van Emden, A. laevigata (Loew) and A. (Acritochaetal orientalis Schiner). The importance of being able to identify females of various species of Atherigona in ecological studies is discussed.