Future Organization Research Articles

Empowering stakeholder engagement and decision-making in future nuclear organisations: a multilevel research framework for challenges and opportunities

Purpose This study aims to present a comprehensive research framework designed to assess stakeholder perceptions in the nuclear power plant (NPP) industry, with a focus on the unique context of the Al Barakah NPP in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The framework combines a thorough literature review, primary data collection methods and strategic action planning to facilitate stakeholder engagement and drive progress in the industry. Design/methodology/approach To develop the framework, an extensive review of relevant literature was conducted, identifying gaps and incorporating insights from sectoral reports, governmental documents and scholarly works. Primary data collection was then carried out using an online survey administered through Google Forms. The survey instrument was carefully designed, adhering to established guidelines and incorporating closed-ended questions, Likert scales and multiple-choice formats. Pilot-testing of the survey was conducted among the general public residing in the vicinity of the Al Barakah NPP. Findings The multi-level research framework enables a systematic assessment of stakeholder perceptions in the NPP industry. Through the analysis and synthesis of collected data, a strategic approach and customised managerial action plan can be formulated, tailored to the specific context of the NPP. This approach encourages stakeholder involvement and plays a vital role in driving industry advancements. Practical implications The proposed framework offers a valuable tool for NPP stakeholders, policymakers and industry professionals to gather and analyse stakeholder perceptions effectively. It empowers informed decision-making, fosters stakeholder engagement and supports the development of strategic actions that address concerns and propel progress in the NPP industry. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature by presenting a comprehensive research framework specifically designed for assessing stakeholder perceptions in the NPP industry. By integrating literature review, primary data collection and strategic action planning, it provides a holistic approach to comprehend stakeholder perspectives and promote sustainable development in the nuclear energy sector.

O AVANÇO DAS INOVAÇÕES DIGITAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO CORPORATIVA

This study aims to present the advancement of digital innovations in corporate education, observing how new technologies and business models influence teaching and learning at work. Digitalization has generated new opportunities for professional development, allowing a more effective integration between educational practices and the work environment, and promoting continuous learning in a competitive market. Corporate education must be a fundamental pillar for change in future organizations, transforming into digital learning ecosystems. These ecosystems will face challenges to improve usability and the educational experience, promoting technological, social and cultural changes within companies. The proposal is to conduct exploratory research with a qualitative approach and inductive logic, which focuses on the quality and depth of the information collected, rather than being based on pre-existing theoretical concepts. Inductive logic, which is based on observation of facts, allows the validation or refutation of existing concepts. The chosen method is a qualitative literature review, ideal for exploring the complexity of innovative corporate education and its role in organizational transformation. This method is suitable for investigating ideas and models about educational practices and technologies in a context of digital transformation, as it allows a practical analysis of the phenomenon in its real environment.

The Strategic Recruitment Process And Its Impacts On Achieving Organizational Objectives: Bibliographic Review

Background: Strategic recruitment is a planned process that aligns hiring practices with the organization's longterm goals. Unlike traditional recruitment, which focuses on filling vacancies momentarily, strategic recruitment seeks to identify and attract talent that contributes to the achievement of organizational goals and the sustainable growth of the company. This approach includes analyzing the organization's future needs and devising a plan that ensures the talent needed to meet its long-term goals is available. Materials and Methods: This study consists of a narrative review of the literature that explores the understanding of how strategic recruitment, by being aligned with organizational objectives, can bring more benefits to the company. This approach aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the findings, theories, and practical applications relevant to the topic, using diverse academic and scientific sources to support the arguments presented. Results: The results address the effectiveness and impacts of strategic recruitment practices on performance and the achievement of organizational objectives. It was analyzed how the integration of well-defined strategies in the recruitment process optimizes the selection of talents and aligns the skills of new employees with the company's strategic goals and needs. Through data analysis and recent studies, it was possible to understand the importance of a strategic approach in recruitment, highlighting its influence on productivity, innovation, and organizational competitiveness. The results presented indicate the best practices and challenges faced by companies in the search for recruitment that supports and enhances their long-term goals. Conclusion: The study suggests that there is significant room for future research in the area of strategic recruitment. Additional studies can explore how different organizational contexts and sectors influence the effectiveness of recruitment practices and how these practices can be adapted to maximize their impact. It is therefore necessary to continue research on how to integrate new technologies effectively into recruitment, while maintaining a balance between efficiency and human interaction

How the Impact of Environmentally Sustainable Practices in the Beauty Industry Influences Indonesian Generation Z Purchasing Intention?

The beauty industry in Indonesia is growing rapidly with a projected annual growth rate of 9% by 2026, driven largely by the increasing demand for beauty products. This spending shift happened especially because of the rise of Generation Z as a significant consumer group where it is changing positively towards environmentally sustainable movement. From this knowledge, it raises questions; To what extent do beauty companies integrate environmentally sustainable practices into their current operational activities and overall business strategies from the consumer perspectives? How do environmentally sustainable practices influence the purchasing intentions of Indonesian Generation Z consumers in the beauty industry?; How Indonesian beauty companies can leverage environmentally sustainable practices among Indonesian Generation Z consumers?. This bachelor dissertation aims to act as a guide to help leverage beauty companies among Indonesian Generation Z consumers. This research will help answer the following through quantitative data research based on a primary and secondary data collection. The findings obtained from this study, shows that Indonesian Generation Z values sustainability as their purchasing intentions are significantly affected by companies eco-friendly practices. This study highlights four main examples of ESPs such as eco-friendly packaging, refillable packaging, product ingredient transparency, and overall sustainable business practices, which positively impact the purchasing intention of Indonesian Gen Z. Environmental factors related to the purchasing intention are crucial in the companies future organization plan and business objectives in determining which practical solutions to pursue. Diversity of demographic as in the geographical location and specific age group of only Generation Z are the limitations of this research, followed by the only utilization of quantitative methods. In some ways these limitations could restrict the collection of consumers perspective.

Evaluation of sports organizational systems and performance of floorball athletes the Indonesian Floorball Association

The coaching program with outstanding achievements has indeed been implemented based on the objectives of the coaching itself and the critical factors contained in a program. Factors from an organizational system that is not good can also affect achievement results. With appropriate stages and fulfilling these factors, it is hoped that achievement will be more easily achieved. Looking at the introduction above, it is clear that Indonesian floorball still has many obstacles in its sports management system. Still needs to be developed in all regions of Indonesia. Besides that, Indonesian floorball athletes' performance is considered less able to match Asian countries. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the sports organization system and the implementation of floorball athletes in the Indonesian Floorball Association. The objects of this research include the Chairperson of Floorball at the central and regional levels, the Secretary, the Treasurer, the Coach, and 96 athletes who competed in the big eight rounds of the national floorball championship in Jakarta. Data was collected using the mixed method by administering a CIPP questionnaire and giving physical test items to floorball athletes. The output of this research is an evaluation of the sports organization system in which policymakers can improve and create a good formula so that the future organization can be better so that floorball athletes' achievements can increase.

The role of telemedicine during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: shaping our future health organisations and practices

Purpose In France, telemedicine was integrated into the Code of Public Health in 2009, but adoption and use were slow until the beginning of the COVID-19 health crisis, when telemedicine arguably became the only way to ensure continuity of care for non-COVID patients, reduce viral transmission and streamline strained medical resources. Despite growing enthusiasm, criticism persists. Design/methodology/approach User satisfaction will be essential for the sustainability and development of telemedicine, yet this remains an under-researched area. Framed by the first lockdown in France (March–May 2020), this two-step mixed-methods study uses secondary quantitative data (n users = 2,511; n doctors = 254; n nurses = 248) and primary qualitative interviews (n = 5) among healthcare professionals and patients in France to analyse satisfaction levels among telemedicine users. Implementing an inductive approach, it identifies key themes in the adoption and use of telemedicine, the impact on user satisfaction and evolution in perceptions over time. Findings The findings contribute to the literature by identifying and explaining the shift in telemedicine practices and offering recommendations for addressing ongoing obstacles through pragmatic strategies. Originality/value This research addresses a gap in knowledge to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the uptake, perception and satisfaction of telemedicine experienced by users. Recognising telemedicine as a complex innovation in conceptual and practical terms, this paper investigates the degree of acceptance among users and the process of assimilation in the system.

Physician Numbers and Employment in Bavaria: Trends in statistics of the Bavarian Medical Association and the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of Bavaria

Although the number of places at medical schools and physicians in Germany has increased continuously over the past 25 years, there is a threat of a shortage of physicians. Based on data from the Bavarian Medical Association (BLÄK) and the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of Bavaria (KVB), an analysis of the number of physicians in Bavaria over a longer period of time was carried out in order to understand current developments and possible starting points for the future organization of medical care. The figures were analyzed with regard to the distribution of physicians by outpatient and inpatient sector as well as with regard to the development of the number of employees, the scope of employment and the gender distribution in the outpatient sector. Data were taken from the annually published and systematically compiled numbers of physicians from the BLÄK (2000 to 2022) as well as the outpatient billing data of practicing and employed physicians in Bavaria (2010 to 2022), processed by the KVB. Descriptive analyses were performed. Since 2000, the number of physicians in Bavaria has risen by 83% in the inpatient setting and by 35% in the outpatient setting. As a result, more physicians have been working in hospitals than in outpatient care since 2010. In the outpatient setting the trend is moving away from establishing one's own practice and full-time work towards salaried and part-time employment. Employed physicians have lower average working hours than self-employed physicians. The proportion of women among physicians has steadily increased, with female physicians more likely to be employed and working part-time compared with male physicians. Nevertheless, part-time employment is also prominent among male physicians in some specialties today. The trend towards practicing in salaried and part-time positions continues unabated and is represented across all specialties, suggesting that more physicians are needed to maintain the number of working hours over time. In addition to incentives and subsidies, this reality must be taken into account when planning care. At the same time, it is questionable whether increasing medical school places without managing them according to need is the right way to address the shortage of physicians in outpatient care when an ever-increasing proportion of physicians is working in inpatient care.

Looking Toward the Future of Integrated Care: History, Developments, and Opportunities

For almost five decades, the development and implementation of integrated care—the simultaneous combination of primary care with mental health and substance use care—has been a major challenge for the behavioral health care field. Integrated care is exceptionally important because many people with behavioral health conditions also have chronic physical health conditions. Early research findings in the mid-1980s showed that persons with mental illness are likely to develop chronic physical conditions earlier and more severely than other people. These findings precipitated efforts to understand this problem and to develop further appropriate integrated care solutions. Subsequently, the US Surgeon General made care integration a major focus of his landmark 1999 Report on Mental Health, as did the 2008 Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. However, it was not until 2014, and later, that integrated care actually began to be implemented more broadly. This article reviews these major developmental milestones, examines current activities, and explores likely developments over the next several years. Major current issues include the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, adjusting to its effects on the behavioral health care workforce, and the growing realization that behavioral health care must address the social determinants of life. Likely developments over the next several years will include devising ways to address our workforce crisis, developing effective community interventions, and implementing population health management strategies; implementing the CMS Innovation in Behavioral Health Model; improving reimbursement practices; and exploring the potential of AI for integrated care. Implications for future service organization and training of behavioral health care providers also are discussed. Granted the severity of the current workforce crisis in behavioral health care, urgent efforts are needed to advance the deployment of integrated care in the short-term future.

Good Sociology and the Future Organization of Social Research

Good Sociology and the Future Organization of Social Research

팀학습을 통한 우수인재양성 커리큘럼 연구

Objectives Korea's Global Talent Competitiveness Index was found to be low, because of high brain drain and organizational defection. We attempted to analyze the characteristics of the appropriate team learning experiences and best case of B University in order to get some implications suitable for the future organization. Methods The learning experiences of high performers were interviewed and using general qualitative research procedures consisting of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In order to more systematically reconstruct the operation case of University B, where CTL's entire program is run team-oriented, a deliberation model was implemented. Finally an advisory opinion on innovation and science and technology course was prepared. Results College students showed a high degree of professional orientation in relation to their career paths, expanded information collection channels by selecting teams or groups related to consistently interested topics, and thought through constant differentiation of knowledge, comparison and contrast, and direct and indirect experiential learning. Success factors for high performers in workplace team learning include increasing individual learning through intentional structural hall development, lowering organizational political issues through interdependent team design, and establishing information entry barriers in sites with more information errors. Analyzing 16 CTL programs at University B, which target entrepreneurship as a extra curricular program, and reorganized them into four stages based on Grow's SDL system and its own core competencies. Conclusions Science and technology experts provide social media, video media, coding, big data analysis, machine/deep learning analysis contents, and content from the Department of Social Infrastructure Systems, Mega City Disaster Prevention, and Architecture as science and technology knowledge that everyone needs to know in order to develop citizenship. Through world-class cases related to architecture, it designed interest in class and its use in real life.

Status quo of operative training in emergency surgery in Germany – results of a survey

BackgroundEmergencies and emergency surgeries are a central part of everyday surgical care in Germany. However, it is unclear how emergency surgery is practically trained in clinics on a daily basis and what training concept is underlying. Therefore, the aim of this survey study was to capture the status quo of emergency surgical training of German general and visceral surgeons.MethodsThe members of the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery were surveyed online (n = 5281). The questionnaire included demographic data and expertise in surgery and assistance in emergency surgery regarding common emergency surgical operations. In addition, further training measures in emergency surgery and their support by employers were queried.ResultsOnly complete questionnaires (n = 184, response rate 3.5%) were included in the analysis. Most participants were in training (n = 69; 38%), followed by senior physicians (n = 52; 29%), specialists (n = 31; 17%) and chief physicians (n = 30; 17%). 64% of the participants were employed at university hospitals or maximum care hospitals. Regarding further training opportunities, in-clinic shock room training was most frequently used. Outside of their own clinic, the ATLS course was most frequently mentioned. Operations for cholecystitis and appendicitis as well as emergency stoma procedures are the most common emergency procedures. There was a strong difference in the frequency of operated cases depending on the level of training. For operations to treat acute abdominal traumas (hemostasis of liver and spleen, packing) as well as outside of visceral surgery, only low competence was reported. Over 90% of survey participants consider emergency surgery to be an indispensable core competence. Neither in the old (76%) nor in the new training regulations (47%) is emergency surgery adequately represented according to the participants’ assessment. There was a significantly lower prevalence of the “sub-steps concept” in emergency surgery at 38% compared to elective surgery (44%). Important elements of imparting skills in emergency surgery are simulation and courses as well as operative sub-steps, according to the majority of survey participants.ConclusionThe results show that general and visceral surgeons in Germany are introduced to emergency surgery too little structured during further training and at specialist level. The survey participants had, as expected, hardly any experience in emergency surgery outside of visceral surgery but surprisingly also little experience in visceral surgical trauma care. There is a need to discuss the future organization of emergency surgical training. Adequate simulation structures and extracurricular courses could contribute to an improvement in this respect.

Pediatric health service utilization at tertiary hospitals in Denmark 2000–2018

Pediatric health service differs between and within countries. To prioritize limited resources, data-driven studies on pediatric tertiary hospital contacts are warranted. This population-based register study identified all contacts with four Danish tertiary hospitals 2000–2018 by 0–17-year-old patients. During 2000–2018, 2,496,001 individuals resided in Denmark while 0–17 years old, and the study described 829,562 inpatient and 3,932,744 outpatient contacts at tertiary hospitals by hospital, sex, age, diagnosis, department, and residence. Male patients accounted for more contacts overall (inpatient 55.51%, outpatient 52.40%) and more contacts with severe chronic disease (inpatient 56.24%, outpatient 54.41%). Median (interquartile range) patient age was 3.09 (0.26–9.96) and 8.48 (2.78–13.70) years for in- and outpatient contacts. Overall, 28.23% and 21.02% of in- and outpatient contacts included a diagnosis of a severe chronic disease, but the proportions differed across hospitals. A pattern of pediatric healthcare directed towards less severe diseases was observed: While the total number of outpatient visits at tertiary hospitals increased from 2000 to 2018, the proportion of these contacts which had a diagnosis of a severe chronic disease decreased. Future comparisons between hospitals regarding pediatric outcomes should consider potential differences in terms of uptake and diagnosis severity. Such findings may have implications for future pediatric organization, nationally and internationally.

Seeking Organizational Geographies: A multidimensional spatial analysis of everyday organizing

In the context of debates about organizational space, this paper undertakes a multidimensional spatial analysis of everyday organizing. Drawing on an extensive ethnographic study of a housing estate, we use the territory, place, scale, network framework to reveal processes of everyday spatial production that occur through territorial, place-based, scalar and networked organizing. Foregrounding the interplay of these dimensions, we identify four resulting tensions at work in everyday organizing: conflict and resistance, boundaries and (un)boundedness, stasis and movement and alterity and diversity. We propose that centring attention on these dynamics manifest what might be termed ‘organizational geographies’. Thus, we contribute an empirical demonstration of the ways in which organizing as a sociospatial process occurs during everyday life in a more ‘informal’ site, thereby extending the contextual repertoire of organization studies. We also contribute a methodological approach for organization scholars to analyse everyday spatial production as a multidimensional process, pointing to the potential for greater cross-disciplinary fertilization with human geography in future organization research.

Empowering Design in Revigrés: The Strategic Influence of the Chief Design Officer on an Organization's Future

By leveraging the CDO's role, Revigrés can drive innovation, enhance competitiveness, and position itself as a leader in the design‐driven economy.The presence of design leadership gives an organization an edge in driving innovation and strategic decision‐making in addition to enhancing its competitiveness.

Speculative foresight: A foray beyond digital transformation

AbstractAs the discourse regarding digital transformation has developed, we see an opportunity to extend the concept of becoming digital into an as‐of‐yet unrealized future. By examining the foundational assumptions of digital transformation, we reveal two frontiers that expand the current transformation discourse into futures where their implications and outcomes will reside. A conceptual frontier suggests that we begin to conceptualise the worlds in which future organisations and people observe digital technologies and their enactments as an unexceptional and quite mundane aspect of their daily lives. We initiate conceptualising being digital as an outcome of the transformations our current research studies. A second analytic frontier embraces world‐making in current theorizations and the development of future‐leaning conceptualization of alternative worlds. Speculative foresight is an approach for staging new concepts and relationships, critiquing current research practice and theory boundaries, and creating novel and generative theorizations. An example speculative foresight scenario illustrates onto‐epistemic assumptions and ambiguities in current theories of digital transformation regarding how future ethics will be conceived. The implications and limitations of this approach are discussed in the context of the need for IS research to develop orientations that can contribute to understanding digital transformation processes and both positive and negative transformation outcomes that will constitute yet unrealized futures.

Functional typology of settlements in the Srem region, Serbia

Abstract The development of the functional settlement typology methodology is of academic and practical importance as it incorporates the social, economic, and demographic dimensions of regional development. Rural settlements are seen as a base for labor; traditional urban centers have become a base for commuters, while at the same time, new economic centers are emerging where capital investment is accumulating. This article presents the research conducted in the Srem region (located in the province of Vojvodina) to determine the functional typology of the settlement, which is of social, economic, and demographic importance for the region itself and for Serbia as a whole. This well-known immigration area in Serbia has been inhabited for centuries for its specific economic and political reasons. The very intensive economic activities of the last two decades have been influenced by development investments and contributed to the functional transformation of the settlements. The census data from 2022 make it possible to determine a functional typology of settlements in the Srem region using the factor method (principal component analysis). The article aims to explain the basic characteristics of functional types of settlements and to determine the mechanisms of their territorial distribution, which would be helpful in the future planning and organization of local and regional development of the Republic of Serbia.

Implications of the Progression to Sustainable Public Transportation: An Insight into Modern Jeepney Shift from the Philippines

Modern jeepneys represent a notable step forward in the Philippines’ modernization efforts. However, there is a need for further study since this has caused a lot of criticism in the country, and no studies have established its service quality and the behavioral intentions among passengers. This study assessed the factors influencing passengers’ intention to use modern jeepneys, employing a higher-order reflective construct using partial least square structural equation modeling. An online questionnaire gathered data from 502 commuters using modern jeepneys, employing convenience sampling for a diverse sample. Significant relationships (p-value < 0.05) were found between service quality (β: 0.559), attitude (β: 0.169), perceived behavioral control (β: 0.183), and behavioral intentions (β: 0.160), with assurance emerging as the most influential factor for higher-ordered constructs (β: 0.869). Meanwhile, satisfaction’s significant influence on behavioral intention was highest for lower-ordered constructs (β: 0.673). The study underscored the importance of building trust with passengers, prioritizing safety and security, and integrating modern jeepneys with traditional designs to enhance commuter experiences and promote modernized and sustainable transportation alternatives. It highlights the critical role of providing high-quality service in fostering positive intentions toward using modern jeepneys and its utilization. Despite the backlash of the majority on the redevelopment of traditional jeepneys, results presented that passengers are more inclined to use public transportation based on travel experiences rather than societal approval. The study offers theoretical and practical implications for future works and government organizations, transportation management, and modern jeepney manufacturers, emphasizing the importance of improving service quality.

Social Work Perspective on Community Organizing Around Student Health Insurance at a Midwestern University in The United States: A Case Study

Following the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, universities were prompted and advised to consider a policy-level change. In particular, universities had to consider whether or not to draft and adopt an ACA-compliant health insurance plan for students. Given that universities were not required to offer a student health insurance plan, students at a Midwestern university in 2011 developed a social action community organization to apply pressure on university administrators to ensure the development and adoption of an ACA-compliant student health insurance plan. The processes and strategies employed by this successful student community organization are discussed in the present case study. Recommendations for future student-led community organization projects on college campuses are provided.

Kompletterande, kompenserande och komplicerande

Complementing, compensating and complicating – informal organisation in Swedish child fare work The child welfare work within the Swedish personal social services (PSS) is clearly marked by formalisation and specialisation. It is guided by a diversity of national and local guidelines, while different units assume responsibility for specific tasks (e.g., intake, investigation and decision, or care and treatment). A risk of service fragmentation has been identified as a substantial downside to these organisational settings. However, prior research has mainly focused on formal organisational structures and how work is ‘supposed to’ be carried out. Less attention is paid to informal organisation, namely how work is ‘actually performed’ on day-to-day basis, which has been identified as an important but often overlooked aspect for understanding organisational performance. Therefore, the aim was to describe and analyse the influence of informal organisation in child welfare cases. Non-participating observations and group interviews were conducted in 11 Swedish municipalities. The findings show that informal organisation can ‘grease the wheels’ in child welfare cases: firstly, by complementing formal structures and offering alternative channels for collaboration and information exchange; and secondly, by compensating for gaps in areas of responsibility within the formal organisation, such as when staff offer informal care and support, even though their work is supposed to specifically focus on investigation and decision making, or individual social workers assume an informal case management role. Nevertheless, informal organisation was also found to complicate work, as unregulated and informal areas of work also allow the conflicting interests and work logics among different units and their staff to unfold. The findings are finally discussed in relation to the future organisation of social services.

Extending Grime's CSR model to predict plant demographic responses across resource availability gradients: evidence from the patagonian steppes

Sexual reproduction, growth, and survival are crucial demographic strategies for plant population viability. Here, we propose a conceptual model predicting demographic responses of species based on their ecological strategy and the heterogeneity of environmental conditions within a biogeographical unit and then applied it to a case study from a 5˚ latitudinal gradient in the Patagonian steppes. We also aim to disentangle genetic from environmental effects on demographic responses. We performed in situ and common garden experiments with two species from six local populations of the Occidental Phytogeographical District of the Patagonian steppes. Species differ in key ecological traits, and thus fit into Grime's model for evolutionary strategies in plants: one as competitive species and the other as stress‐tolerant species. We calculated population growth rate (λ) and performed elasticity analyses to compare the contribution of each demographic strategy to population fitness between species and among local populations distributed along 600 km latitudinal gradient with differences in mean annual precipitation (MAP). We highlight four results. First, the competitive species change from sexual reproduction to growth as MAP increases. Second, the stress‐tolerant species relied on growth and survival along the MAP gradient. Third, interannual variation in resource availability modulated demographic responses for both strategies. Fourth, based on the comparison of the in situ and common garden experiments, we submit that demographic responses were genetically driven. Our study shows that demographic responses can be roughly predicted by the ecological strategy across environmental gradients. We show that differences arise not only between species, but also were genetically driven differences within species among local populations. Scaling up plant‐level responses to population‐level dynamics allows for a process‐based understanding of current and future biogeographical species organization. Furthermore, conservation and restoration efforts should be guided by demographic strategies underlying population viability.