Organizational Ties Research Articles

The Class Ceiling in Politics

Prior studies have documented that working-class individuals rarely become parliamentarians. We know less about when in the career pipeline to parliament workers disappear, and why. We study these questions using detailed data on the universe of Swedish politicians’ careers over a 50-year period. We find roughly equal-sized declines in the proportion of workers on various rungs of the political career ladder ranging from local to national office. We reject the potential explanations that workers lack political ambition, public service motivation, honesty, or voter support. And while workers’ average high school grades and cognitive test scores are lower, this cannot explain their large promotion disadvantage, a situation that we label a class ceiling. Organizational ties to blue-collar unions help workers advance, but only to lower-level positions in left-leaning parties. We conclude that efforts to improve workers’ numerical representation should apply throughout the career ladder and focus on intra-party processes.

Huir, regresar y volver a empezar. Familias cafeteras y conflicto armado en Ciénaga, Magdalena

Although issues around coffee production have been extensively studied in Colombia, there are few studies on the relationship between coffee cultivation and armed conflict. This article is the product of a qualitative study with coffee growers —mainly women— from the municipality of Ciénaga (Magdalena), and contributes to analyzing the relationship between coffee and armed conflict in a local context. It shows how the latter has impacted the former as well as family incomes and wellbeing by breaking community and organizational ties and changing daily life. Additionally, it helps to understand the role of families and women in coffee production, and how they help to mitigate the armed conflict. It also shows how migrations, peasant traditions and knowledge, families, and the empowerment of women have allowed them to survive in territories affected by those dynamics and violent actors.

“Like They’re My Same People. They’ve Probably Been in My Shoes. . .”: Community-Based Organizations’ Role in Fostering Social and Organizational Ties for Latino/x Immigrant Youth

This is a critical qualitative case study of foreign and native-born Latino students from immigrant households who participated in an immigrant-serving community-based organization (CBO). The authors draw from Mario Small’s concepts of network ties and organizational embeddedness to examine how Latino youth talk about the impact of a CBO on their belonging and identity, the formation of social and organizational ties in shaping their educational futures, and how Latino youth perceive the organizational impact. Qualitative interviews from participating Latino immigrant youth are leveraged to illustrate social and organizational tie formation. The authors argue that CBOs that broker social and organizational ties for immigrant youth can potentially reduce inequality through creating structures and spaces that foster belonging and provide direct services. Implications are discussed.

Evaluation study of the urban governance of the COVID-19 crisis in the city of Antwerp

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has demanded crisis management at all governance levels. While most research has focused on responses of national governments, city-level governance had significant potential to develop tailored approaches. This study explored how the local COVID-19 response was organised and adapted to the specific city population and context in the City of Antwerp, Belgium.MethodsA case study using semi-structured interviews was set up with 20 key informants with a central role in the coordination and implementation of the city-level COVID-19 response in Antwerp. Thematic analysis of transcripts was guided by an adapted version of the OECD risk management cycle.ResultsRespondents’ accounts provide a granular understanding of pandemic preparedness, crisis management, and response and adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis in a mid-size European city. Its size was large enough to have a strong capacity within its government bodies, to utilise the expertise of strong partners in the area and to mobilise a critical mass for action, yet small enough to quickly establish connections and trust. In addition to a universal approach, they developed tailored responses to specific neighbourhoods and groups. Well-established community and organisational ties enhanced the effectiveness of grassroots initiatives. The perceived feeling of joint action contributed to a strong collective agency, but respondents noted the need for a system for monitoring and learning.ConclusionsLocal governments are important to develop tailored strategies and organise a locally relevant crisis response in cities. They need expertise and agency, with enough flexibility to experiment. To harness promising practices and avoid repeating errors in future crises, it is crucial to develop a system that better evaluates and monitors local responses, before, during and after crises.

Иерархия университетов внутренней периферии в позднесоветский период: на примере азиатской части РСФСР

The building of the hierarchical structure of the Soviet university system was influenced by various factors, particularly during the late Soviet period (from the 1950s to the 1980s), when the final round of Soviet moderni-zation in the economy, social structure, and culture occurred. Factors, such as the multi-structure of the Soviet economic system, uneven socio-economic development of regions (leading to the formation of distinct economic regions and an internal periphery), the complex administrative-territorial structure due to the vast and diverse territority (a union state that included another complex structure – RSFSR), and the colonial nature of the devel-opment of the Asian periphery, all contributed to the development of this hierarchical structure. In this regard, it would be representative to consider the example of the Asian part of the RSFSR, including the sub-regions of the Trans-Urals, Siberia and the Far East, to analyze the processes of building a heterogeneous university system and the features of the university hierarchy on the “inner” periphery of the Soviet university system. This helps understand how research was planned, organized and implemented, as well as how scientific personnel were trained at universities on the “internal” periphery. The author focuses on the agency of various actors, their inter-actions, and mutual influence, which gives an understanding of how the scientific and communication system between the “old” (leading) and “new” universities was built, highlighting the gaps and continuities in this hier-archical system. Based on the results of the study, a three-level hierarchy of Soviet universities was identified, as well as the structure of the internal periphery of the Asian part of the country during the late Soviet period. The author analyzes the system of relationships between universities and identifies both positive and negative factors that affected the development of scientific and organizational ties between these institutions.

The mediating role of perceived emotional intelligence: examining the impact of affective job satisfaction on organizational identification among Chinese technological workers.

Breaking new ground in the exploration of workplace dynamics, this study pioneers an investigation into the mediating role of perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) in the relationship between affective job satisfaction and organizational identification among Chinese technological workers. This novel focus addresses a critical gap in existing research, particularly in understanding the psychological underpinnings within this specific cultural and professional context. Involving 392 workers aged 23 to 60, our research offers a comprehensive examination of how the three subdimensions of PEI - attention, clarity, and emotional repair - interact with job satisfaction to influence organizational identification. Through extensive questionnaires, we assessed these subdimensions alongside affective job satisfaction and the workers' identification with their organization. Our findings reveal a significant, positive correlation between job satisfaction and all PEI subdimensions. Notably, while emotional clarity and emotional repair showed a positive relationship with organizational identity, attention did not. Further analysis highlighted the substantial direct impact of Affective Job Satisfaction on Organizational Identification, with emotional clarity and emotional repair playing critical mediating roles. These insights illuminate the unique function of Perceived Emotional Intelligence as a mediator and enhancer in the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The results underscore the necessity of integrating strategies to cultivate emotional intelligence in the workplace, potentially leading to stronger organizational ties and improved overall worker well-being. By shedding light on these complex psychological mechanisms, our study not only enriches the theoretical landscape but also offers practical guidance for fostering healthier, more productive work environments.

Ազգային հիշողությունը՝ ուծացած հայերի սերունդների մեջ

NATIONAL MEMORY, ASSIMILATED IN GENERATIONS OF ARMENIANS
 Assimilation and national acculturation are inevitable phenomena to which every ethnic community separated from its native environment is vulnerable. The ways and degrees of its manifestation vary, but the direction is the same: moving away from the native national profile and assimilating characteristics typical of the nation and culture of the country of residence. Cases of assimilation also occur to a lesser extent when a nation becomes a minority in its own homeland or when its native environment is absorbed by an empire. The article analyzes such situations among Armenians, specifically in Armenian diasporas. It concludes that the pace of assimilative changes depends on various factors, including maintaining formal points of contact with Armenia (citizenship, organizational ties, owning a house in Armenia, etc.), and a measured and consistent policy of the Armenian state towards the diaspora.

Party–Interest Group Ties and Patterns of Political Influence

Organizational ties between political parties and interest groups are common in contemporary democracies, but little is known about the political effects of such ties. This article examines whether the strength of organizational ties between parties and interest groups affects the probability of (1) interest group influence on parties, (2) party influence on interest groups, and (3) mutual party–interest group influence in decision-making. Using novel interest group survey data from six democracies, we are the first to systematically examine the relationship between organizational ties and perceived and attributed influence across multiple policy areas. The findings indicate that one-sided influence is more likely when the actors have stronger ties but that such ties also increase the likelihood of influence going both ways. Close party–interest group relationships hence likely involve give-and-take across policy issues. These findings shed important new light on the role of parties and interest groups as intermediaries in democracies.

Satisfaction with Internal Communication and Hospitality Employees’ Turnover Intention: Exploring the Mediating Role of Organizational Support and Job Satisfaction

Managing employee turnover is a key function in human resource management (HRM) that has become especially relevant given current staff shortages. The travel and tourism industry has been strongly affected, with many organizations having difficulty attracting and retaining workers. Portugal, as a prominent player in tourism, is no exception, and the workforce shortage crisis has been discussed in various forums and has attracted media attention. The present study examined hotel employees’ turnover intention and its relationship with their job satisfaction and positive perceptions of internal communication and organizational support. The proposed theoretical model included that internal communication contributes to the quality of employee–organization relationships by increasing perceived organizational support and job satisfaction, which in turn serve as sequential mediators of hotel workers’ diminished intent to leave their employer. Multiple regression analyses were performed using data collected from 12 hotels (number = 370 workers). The results support the model as they confirm that a statistically significant negative relationship exists between employees’ satisfaction with internal communication and their turnover intention. These variables are both directly and indirectly connected through perceived organizational support and job satisfaction. Implications for HRM are discussed including the importance of refining internal organizational communication to strengthen employee–organization ties.

‘Love is over, this is going to be Turkey!’: cathartic resonance between the June 2013 protests in Turkey and Brazil

ABSTRACT This study addresses the question of why and how a protest can inspire individuals in distant countries. Taking the June 2013 protests in Turkey and Brazil as cases, it investigates the reasons why the Turkish protests were framed as one of the inspirational benchmarks by some Brazilian protesters. Drawing on grounded theory applied to the interviews with Brazilian protesters and qualitative secondary data, this study introduces the concept of ‘cathartic resonance’ as a mechanism of cross-national diffusion of protests and social movements. According to this mechanism, the moral shocks triggered by a foreign but relatable struggle may have an accelerating influence on sympathizers’ motivation for engaging in a similar struggle in their own context even in the absence of geographical, cultural, historical or organizational ties between the countries. Exploring the experiences, perceptions and emotions of protesters, this study proposes a more refined and extended understanding of diffusion by integrating the emotional and cognitive responses of individuals from an agentic and cultural approach.

The role of the community in preventing and combating child abuse

The article is devoted to the problem of preventing and countering child abuse. Child maltreatment is a serious and widespread public health problem that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The beginning of a large-scale Russian aggression only complicated the solution of an already difficult situation. The purpose of this article is to analyze the theoretical and legal prerequisites for effective prevention and countermeasures against child abuse at the community level. It is proven that the main focus of effective development and implementation of measures to prevent and combat child abuse is the community, in which various social communications, psychological, economic and social-life relations between various state and municipal authorities, other non-state formations and residents of a certain territory. On the basis of a comprehensive study of scientific, regulatory and legal sources and an analysis of social and legal practices, we came to the conclusion that the main formations that should be actively involved in measures to prevent and combat child abuse at the community level can be conditionally divided into several groups: authorized bodies and local self-government officials; institutions and establishments providing educational, medical and psychological services to the population of the community; religious organizations; public organizations and volunteers; various forms of self-organization of the population. It has been established that community social control and collective efficacy are significant protective factors for all forms of violence against children, but they need to be developed at the level of forming the appropriate social culture and consciousness. Organizational ties are also considered a necessary component of increasing the effectiveness of public control and established systematic work in this direction. In connection with this, it is noted that the community needs a consolidating link, whose role in preventing and countering child abuse at the community level, in our opinion, should be played by children’s services.

Party‐interest group ties: The resource exchange model revisited

AbstractWe examine the existence and strength of organizational ties between parties and interest groups by innovating on classic resource exchange theory. First, we propose that the nature of interest groups’ policy orientation and their general organizational capacity primarily explain the presence of ties, that is, ties are less likely to materialize when groups lack ideological policy goals and have limited organizational capacity. Second, the size and types of resources on offer from both sides are what principally account for the strength of existing ties. We hypothesize that resources from both parties and interest groups are positively associated with institutionalized relationships, but also that resources are hierarchically ordered, that is, resources that are exclusive for the transaction are particularly important for ties at higher levels of institutionalization. Using data from a novel organizational survey of parties and interest groups in seven Western democracies, we find support for the hypotheses using an integrated design of analysis.

From Victims to Dissidents: Legacies of Violence and Popular Mobilization in Iraq (2003–2018)

A growing literature links experiences of armed conflict with postwar political behavior. This paper examines how legacies of wartime violence shape dynamics of protest in twenty-first-century Iraq. We argue that experiences of shared violence against civilians generate strong social and organizational ties, as individuals turn to neighbors, friends, and communal organizations or social groups to help them cope. These strengthened social networks endure beyond the end of the conflict, forming important vehicles that can facilitate the organization of protest when new grievances or opportunities arise. Further, we posit that these effects will be strongest when the perpetrator of wartime violence is a clear out-group—e.g., a foreign army or non-coethnic militia—which facilitates network strengthening by creating a sense of collective victimization and in-group solidarity. We support these arguments using an original database of Iraqi protests from 2010 to 2012 and data on civilian casualties during Iraq’s 2004–2009 conflict. We further test our argument with geo-referenced Arab Barometer surveys. We leverage a case study of Fallujah, based on original interviews and other qualitative data, to unpack mechanisms of network strengthening, endurance, and reactivation during the Iraqi protest wave of 2011.

In search of an appropriate channel for voicing political concerns: political participation among radicalised youth in Europe

ABSTRACT This research aims to identify values related to political and civic participation methods among the two groups of radicalised youngsters: native youth who support movements labelled as far-right (N= 122) and migrant-origin self-identified Muslim youth with strong organisational ties with religious communities (N=109) in Germany, Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The study posits that these these radically aligned youngsters position themselves against politically moderate European citizens, who are less intuitive when making judgements on political affairs comparing to them. Diverging from the unifying European values and hypersensitivities, these youngsters’ political reactions are often radical and loud in their safe-to-speak, segregated movements. By using the narrations of the range of mainstream modes of political participation, the current qualitative research asks what appears valuable for the two groups of young people to express their political discontent. Findings revealed that both groups highlighted similar values regarding voting. Self-identified Muslim youth stressed the importance of volunteering and street protests (despite not having participated in one). Many native youths, on the other hand, stressed the function of unlawful behaviour in street protests to pursue political objectives. The findings such as these are discussed considering the group differences.

How Do Interfirm Relationships Affect Altruistic Extra-Role Behavior? The Mediating Effect of Organizational Learning

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aims to explore how personal ties and organizational ties between a distributor and its manufacturer influence the altruistic extra-role behavior of the focal distributor and the mediating effect of organizational learning, as well as the moderating effect of environmental dynamism, on the relationship between interfirm relationships and organizational learning. Methodology/approach The authors collect data from 618 household appliance distributors from Mainland China to support most hypotheses. The multilevel regression analysis and bootstrap test are used to test the hypotheses. Findings Both personal ties and organizational ties positively affect distributor organizational learning. Environmental dynamism strengthens the positive relationship between organizational ties and distributor organizational learning; distributor organizational learning plays a mediating role in the positive relationship between interfirm and altruistic extra-role behavior. At the same time, the mediating effect of distributor organizational learning between interfirm relationships and altruistic extra-role behavior becomes stronger with the increase of environmental dynamism. Research implications This study integrates the concept of organizational learning into the framework of research on the relationship between inter-firm relationships and extra-role altruistic behavior. In the background of a global epidemic, the concept of environmental dynamics is used as a boundary effect to deepen our understanding of relationships. The study also offers suggestions on how managers consider inter-firm relationships and extra-role altruistic behavior. Originality/value/contributions This study explores organizational learning as an intermediary mechanism between interfirm relationships and altruistic extra-role behavior, enriching the literature on altruistic extra-role behavior. It uncovers the boundary effect of environmental dynamics to deepen our understanding of the effect of interfirm relationships on organizational learning. It also discusses the antecedents of altruistic extra-role behavior by integrating previous studies and considering the impact of the two types of interfirm relationships simultaneously. Practical implications This study provides several insightful implications for the managers in understanding the impacts of interfirm relationships on altruistic extra-role behavior in business-to-business marketing.

Языческая манифестация XXI век (2022 год: итоги и перспективы)

Modern Slavic paganism is in a stage of constant development, continuous transformation. Since the first ideologues of the movement appeared (in the last third of the 1970s) the Soviet, and subsequently the Russian new paganism has managed to build intra-communal hierarchies, organizational ties of all-republican and international scale. Most pagan communities now have their own mythology, including cosmogony, theogony and end-of-the-world concepts. The leaders of the associations formulated and tested the festive-ritual system, the author’s concepts (utopias), revealing the views of young pagans on political and socio-economic development within and outside the existing state. Special attention should be paid to the new pagan “fashion”: specially developed branded clothing, narrowly specialized “ethno-mythological” tattoo, catalogs of protective (amulet) products. Despite the presence of the listed elements, allowing to consider the modern paganism from the position of the established world-outlook system, external and internal challenges oblige carriers of pre-Abrahamic religiosity to turn to the search for solutions in terms of “non-stop” timing. This paper is based on the analysis of the answers of ideologues and leaders of a number of pagan groups, considers forecasts, prospects for the development of Slavic religious nativism in the near future by 2022

Corporate Excellence Software

EFQM Excellence Model is a management model prepared by the European Quality Management Foundation in 1982 with the support of service and production organizations in the global arena and continuously updated. The last version updated in 2019 is known as EFQM 2020 Excellence Model. It provides guidance from 7 differentiated management perspectives on the way to perfecting the management processes of institutions. With this project, Process Management Application, Risk Management Application, Balanced Scorecard Application, Internal Audit Application, Corporate Self Evaluation Application and Process Blueprint Automation Application will be managed integrally. As mentioned, the software designed in 6 dimensions includes the design and management of processes, identification, and management of risks, detailed strategic planning and management with scorecard methodology, detection of internal excellence problem with self-assessment tools and digital monitoring of all applied processes with integrated automations. When performing EFQM applications, institutions use non-native and highly consistent applications or keep the details in MS Office applications with their own settings. With the Corporate Excellence Model Project, it was ensured that the management and reporting of Process data was facilitated. To ensure the data integrity of the institutions in EFQM applications and to provide convenience, speed, and performance to the institutions. First, it is ensured that the organizational charts and ties of the institutions are created, all processes are defined and from here the status of the organizational ties and processes can be followed. All management stages of processes are drawn using specific visual objects. In the process drawings, details such as who should perform the process steps, time information related to the realization of the step, process risk information, identification of process stakeholders and owners, definition of process control details, etc. can be defined in detail. Using these data, different reports were created with the data created in the drawings to facilitate the EFQM application and to perform data analysis.To meet the additional demands of institutions, the application is designed with a flexible structure. Drawings include features such as the ability to add additional objects and reports.It was ensured that application costs were reduced, and process change errors and bottlenecks in production and service applications could be detected in advance.

Theoretical aspects of the market functioning of vegetable products and its features

The article examines the theoretical principles of the market functioning of vegetable products and highlights its features in the conditions of martial law. The important role of the vegetable market in ensuring food security, generating income for small agricultural producers, etc. is argued. In general, the market is considered as a set of interests and actions of real and potential buyers, as well as the conditions under which the exchange is carried out. It is substantiated that the agricultural market has a rather complex structure and represents a set of markets that serve all aspects of agricultural production, is a dynamic system of economic relations. It has been proven that the market of fresh vegetables consists of numerous submarkets characterized by perfect competition. It is highlighted that intra-branch, perfect (pure) and monopolistic competition is characteristic of the specialized vegetable market. The features of the production process of growing, processing, and storing vegetable products are highlighted, which affect the specifics of the functioning of the vegetable market. The biological and economic characteristics of the classification of vegetable crops were systematized and their main groups were identified, on the basis of which the elements of the vegetable market infrastructure were characterized, namely system-forming, providing, functional and controlling. The peculiarities of the vegetable market are summarized, namely: low elasticity of demand; high production costs; wide differentiation of the range of vegetables, local nature of satisfaction of consumer demand; a higher level of average monthly consumption by the rural population; commodity producers are private peasant farms and small agricultural enterprises, reduction of forecast volumes of commodity supply in the conditions of martial law; high dependence of supply on changes in weather conditions; seasonal demand for products; low level of market infrastructure development; high concentration of potential consumers of vegetables in cities; influence of intermediaries on the price level; weak awareness of market subjects. It is substantiated that the economic relations between the subjects of the market of vegetable products are formed on the basis of the interaction of economic subjects in the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of vegetables, which is aimed at achieving high final results and is manifested through specific production, economic and organizational ties between them. The author's definition of the market of vegetable products is a set of agricultural enterprises, canning industry and market infrastructure objects that carry out the main business processes and pursue the full satisfaction of the population's needs for high-quality vegetable products in accordance with rational nutrition standards and consumer demand. Key words: market of vegetable products, demand, supply, market infrastructure, market structure, product traffic.

Linking social capital and organizational ties: How different types of neighborhood organizations broker resources for the urban poor

ABSTRACT Recent studies have called attention to how neighborhood organizations can help people in low-income neighborhoods who face risks of social exclusion. This study examines how different types of neighborhood organizations broker resources for the urban poor. We investigate how neighborhood organizations employ linking social capital (vertical networks) and organizational ties (horizontal networks). Furthermore, we discuss the process of organizational brokerage and through which mechanisms neighborhood organizations make resources accessible. Qualitative field work was conducted in a faith-based organization, a professional welfare organization and a volunteer organization. Our findings demonstrate that organizations broker resources in different ways, and that mechanisms of organizational brokerage complement each other. We further show how neighborhood organizations play an important role in connecting people from low-income neighborhoods to main institutions such as the labor market and welfare bureaucracies. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for neighborhood effects studies and policy, and what the study’s limitations are.

Evolving Organizational Ties in Postsecondary Grantmaking: Drivers of Philanthropic Networks

Foundations impact education by investing in advocacy nonprofits or by donating directly to universities. Yet, research is underdeveloped exploring the organizational processes guiding philanthropic granting networks at the state level. Using grant data from the most active foundations in Michigan, we employed separable temporal exponential random graph modeling to investigate how financial relationships between foundations and grantees change over time. Findings demonstrated that ties are greatly influenced by how many grant contracts an organization has, with many more likely to create and maintain relationships if they had many previous ones. Moreover, we found differences in the ways national and place-based funders operated along with growing field-level support for intermediaries.