Organizational Structure Factors Research Articles

Pathology and solutions for activities of medical education development offices

Background and aimEducation development offices are one of the main branches of medical education centers for directing the educational performance of medical sciences universities to achieve educational goals. Due to their close presence and communication with educational environments, these offices are highly important. To effectively guide and empower these offices, it is necessary to analyze their current situation, identify the challenges, and provide solutions to address them. This study was conducted to identify the challenges and provide solutions for the activities of medical education development offices.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in two stages, including 29 semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion with experts in 2022 at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The sampling method was purposive. The content analysis of data was performed based on conventional qualitative content analysis.ResultsData analysis resulted in the emergence of two main categories including challenges facing the activities of medical education development offices and solutions for improving the activities of these offices, and comprising some categories containing organizational structure factors, cognitive factors, communication factors, and motivational factors.ConclusionEducation development offices are one of medical universities’ main policymaking and quality control institutions. Efforts are being made to establish EDOs structures within the university. The formation of a clear and performance-based reward system for faculty members who are the managers of the EDOs is proposed. Improving interactions between EDOs and other parts of the university to coordinate activities, and exchange of experiences are highlighted.

Modernising Clearing Processes: Essential Factors for the Successful Implementation of Electronic Cheque-clearing in Libyan Commercial Banks

This research aimed to examine whether Libyan commercial banks have the necessary factors to effectively implement electronic cheque-clearing. The technology, infrastructure, organisational structure, and training are the factors that are considered in this research. A structured questionnaire is distributed to the employees in the electronic clearing department of the four biggest commercial banks in Libya, namely; Jumhouria Bank, National Commercial Bank, Wahda Bank, and Sahara Bank. These banks alone hold around 71.3% of the total assets of the Libyan banking industry. After receiving 217 valid responses for analysis, the researchers conducted the One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, the Spearman correlation test, and the Samples Kruskal-Wallis test. The results affirmed that there were statistically significant obstacles in the technology, infrastructure, and organisational structure factors, but not in the training. The infrastructure challenges were the first of the obstacles mentioned. Furthermore, there is a very strong and significant correlation between infrastructure factors and technical factors, as well as a strong and significant relationship between organisational structure factors and both technological and infrastructural factors. However, organisational structure, technology, and infrastructure factors have a moderately significant relationship with training factors. Ultimately, this research found that employees with different years of experience, as well as employees who have received training and those who have not, had different opinions about the essential factors required for electronic cheque-clearing to be implemented successfully in Libyan commercial banks, except for organisational structure where there are not significant differences between employees with different years of experience.

Protecting Those Who Protect Us: A Review of Psychosocial Factors and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Police Officers

Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are a common occupational health problem among police officers. This systematic review aimed to estimate the association between psychosocial factors and MSDs in this population. Design: A systematic search was conducted using the Scopus database to identify studies that assessed the psychosocial risk factors for MSDs in police officers. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the review. The findings suggest that exposure to job satisfaction, working type, job demands, shift work, working hours, job control, equipment, organisational structure, job support, work cooperation, workplace inequalities, parenthood, social support, and psychological factors were linked to the presence of pain in the back, neck, shoulder, arm, and legs among police officers. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of addressing psychosocial risk factors to improve the quality of life of police officers. Specific interventions to reduce these risk factors might include changes in organizational structure, job design, and work schedules, as well as targeted programs to promote stress management, coping skills, and work-life balance. Addressing these factors can help to prevent or reduce the presence of MSDs in this population, promoting healthier and more productive workplaces. Future studies are recommended to investigate this association further by considering the utilization of longitudinal study designs.

Implementasi Program Rawat Inap Korban Penyalahgunaan Narkoba di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

Rehabilitation is one of the government's efforts to deal with addicts and victims of narcotics abuse. This has been regulated in Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. The West Kalimantan Provincial National Narcotics Agency (BNNP) is the leading sector in handling drugs in West Kalimantan which has a program and also runs inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation programs for victims of drug abuse. In implementing the inpatient program there are obstacles. These obstacles include the lack of human resources (HR) and the lack of infrastructure or free inpatient care. The aim of this research is to find out how the inpatient rehabilitation program for drug abuse victims is implemented in West Kalimantan province, as well as to describe the factors that influence the implementation of the inpatient rehabilitation program for drug abuse victims in West Kalimantan province. The main assumption of this research is that there are several factors that influence the implementation of the inpatient rehabilitation program for drug abuse victims in West Kalimantan province, referring to George C. Edward III's theory, namely 1) communication factors; 2) resource factors; 3) disposition factors; and organizational structure factors. This research was analyzed using qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. The research results were obtained by observing and interviewing all key informants and supporting informants as well as using documentation techniques and literature study.

Towards an Integrated Framework of Antecedents and Outcomes of Organisational Ambidexterity

Ambidexterity is critical for organisations’ technological advancements and competitive advantage. The prior literature is fragmented and uses multiple constructs that impede the development of conceptual understanding and an integrated framework of antecedents and outcomes of organisational ambidexterity. This study uses a systematic review of 47 empirical studies to categorise its antecedents in each stream that relate to the impact of human resources (employee characteristics, social relationships) and organisational (organisational structure and environment) factors on ambidexterity. Further, this study also identifies different research streams that are linked to the outcomes of ambidexterity, such as individual level, team and department level, firm level and organisational level outcomes. The author discusses key findings in relation to their antecedents and outcomes, which will support the conceptual clarity of researchers and practitioners. By using methodological analysis, this review might provide new possibilities for future studies. This study further proposes an integrated framework that elucidates each stream of antecedents and outcomes of ambidexterity. This review provides a conceptual framework and research direction for forthcoming research on ambidexterity.

Autonomy in Local Digital News: An Exploration of Organizational and Moral Psychology Factors

ABSTRACT This mixed-methods study examines autonomy and shifts in the evolving digital news industry. Autonomous agency of news workers is an essential indicator of how journalism work is fulfilling its role as the Fourth Estate in American democracy. This work responds to calls in media ethics, media sociology and moral ecology to better understand how organizational structure and individual moral psychology factors influence the levels at which digital news workers exhibit autonomy within their digital news organizations. Using participant observation, a unique survey and respondent interviewing, I worked for one year with a digitally native hyper-local news organization to examine how organizational structure, leadership, socialization, and individual factors influenced autonomy levels in the staff. Results found overall high levels of autonomy in the editorial staff, but with many constraints such as financial pressures, perceived lack of time, a high pressure to perform multiple jobs and duties outside of the scope of typical legacy journalism job descriptions.

Un Üreticilerinde Örgütsel Performans Değerlendirme: Hıdıroğlu Un Üreticisi Örneği

This study aims to examine how flour producers implement Organizational Theory Principles to their process and to define which organizational environmental and structural factors, culture and systems are appropriate for flour companies in order to improve companies’ success and entreprenuerial skills. For this purpose, this study analyzes a flour company and provides implications of the findings and limitations for the organization, its members, environment and stakeholders. 
 In this study, while examining on flour companies, a clear hierarchy in the organizations is observed in general. The flour producer HIDIROĞLU FLOUR MILLS taken as an example in the study gives importance to measurement, documentation and information systems management. The control mechanism is improved and the stability can be observed in every stages on the organizational structure. High standardization is a main feature of the company. 
 As a result of analyses of the flour producer taken as an example, the study come up with the idea: “it is crucial for flour producers to set standards and procedures, and have clear task definition in a plain hierarchy to achieve constant success”. On the other hand, the system boundary for this study is among Organizational Theory Principles whether Internal Process Model or Rational Goal Model is more suitable for flour producers and their entrepreneurial facilities.

The Role of Organizational Structure Factor in Shaping Corporate Strategic Decisions during the COVID-19 Crisis in Lebanon

The COVID-19 pandemic spread a worldwide crisis that has significantly impacted businesses globally, including firms in Lebanon. This paper investigates and sheds light on the corporate strategic choices adopted by Lebanese companies to steer through this unprecedented crisis. The study explores various strategies adopted by the organizations, ranging from structural modifications to the diversification of products and services and even operations shut-down. Additionally, it analyzes the move towards digitalization and remote work and the implementation of new directions to ensure business continuity. Those are assessed based on qualitative research using in-depth interviews with a conveniently selected sample of 22 Lebanese organizations spanning several economic sectors. Results are commensurate to the challenges faced by companies in Lebanon, such as limited resources, political instability, and economic downturn. The findings suggest that companies in Lebanon have to adapt their strategies in response to the COVID-19 crisis, with a focus on resilience, agility, and innovation to ensure their survival and future growth in these challenging times. Findings follow a 10-theme style covering the research questions. The outcomes and lessons learned from this study serve as an eye-opener to Lebanese managers, leaders, researchers, and policymakers in the area of proactivity to confront future crises.

Pelaksanaan Pelayanan Publik di Bidang Pendidikan sebagai Implementasi Kebijakan Otonomi Daerah di Kabupaten Gowa

The main problem of this research is how public services in the field of education in Gowa Regency. The subject matter is then included in several subproblems or research questions, namely: 1) how is the implementation of the public in the field of education as the implementation of regional autonomy policies in Gowa Regency?, 2) What are the factors that affect the performance of the Education Office in implementing public services as the implementation of regional autonomy policies in Gowa Regency?. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Public implementation in the field of Education as the implementation of regional autonomy policies in Gowa Regency is good because the government first designs all programs that will be carried out later. 2) The factors that influence the performance of the Gowa Regency Education Office in carrying out the implementation of regional autonomy are due to several factors including the organizational structure factor and the public service apparatus.

The Readiness of Sultan Qaboos University Research Centers to Adopt Knowledge Management: A Case Study of the Omani Studies Centre

University research centers provide a suitable environment for the implementation of knowledge management as they are a source of knowledge that aims to promote research and studies in various fields. The purpose of this study was to determine the readiness of the Oman Studies Centre at Sultan Qaboos University to implement knowledge management and the factors influencing it, as well as to identify the barriers to its implementation. The study adopted a descriptive approach in the form of a case study, utilizing surveys and interviews as tools for data collection. The study results showed that the center applies knowledge management to a moderate extent, according to the sample's opinion. Factors related to individuals were found to be the most motivating factors in the center, followed by the organizational structure factor and then the organizational culture factor. The technology factor was the least motivating, although still at a moderate level. The results also revealed several barriers that hinder the implementation of knowledge management in the center, including the lack of a clear mechanism for providing incentives and rewards, the lack of center incentives for innovative and creative ideas, and the weakness of the technological infrastructure. Based on the results of the study, the research concluded with several recommendations, including the need to support and develop the knowledge of employees by focusing on knowledge acquisition, continuous education, and training. It is crucial to instill the concept of knowledge management in all employees, regardless of their level of experience or academic qualifications. The provision of appropriate technological systems and equipment for knowledge management should also be prioritized, along with investment in financial and intellectual resources for infrastructure and technology.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SOCIAL INFORMAL LEARNING IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH INVOLVEMENT HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICE AND LEARNING CLIMATE ON EMPLOYABILITY OF STARTUP COMPANY EMPLOYEES

Startup companies undergo many changes to deal with changing economic conditions and win the competition in the market. One of the factors that can increase company competitiveness is employability of the employee. This study combines organizational structural factors, namely the application of highly involved human resources and learning culture with employee factor namely social informal learning. The research aims to identify the factors that can enhance or hinder social informal learning and subsequently improve employee employability in startups. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants who met specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. Data from 290 employees of Indonesian startups analyzed using a structural equation model. The results showed that recognition, empowerment, competitive development, information sharing can enhance social informal learning and subsequently improve employee employability, while financial rewards can decrease social informal learning and employability. Companies that want to increase the practice of social informal learning can improve recognition practices, empowerment, competitive development, and informa­tion sharing.

Factors Inhibiting Higher Education Institutions from addressing Industry driven change in Irish Construction Management Programs

ABSTRACT With Construction Management being a relatively new discipline, the relationship between academia and industry is underdeveloped. Studies have identified the gap between academia and industry, with recommendations made as to how this gap may be closed. However, little research is done into what is restricting Higher Education Institutions from acting on these findings. The aim of this paper is to address this. Five key themes emerge in the literature: Human, Resources, Organizational Structure, External Influences, and Administrative Factors. To complement this, semi-structured interviews are undertaken with 12 Construction Management representatives from each of the 11 Higher Education Institutions offering a Construction Management program in the Republic of Ireland. Using the five themes that emerged in the literature, each of the interviews is thematically coded. The results indicate key factors inhibiting the change implementation processes within construction management departments. These include difficulties in the number of boards and committees involved in change, a lack of incentive for lecturing staff undertaking what is considered additional work, disparity in the definition of a “successful program” within the Higher Education Institutions, extensive amounts of reports required for change proposal, lecturing staff being largely overworked, and organizational structures that do not facilitate collaboration between departments.

Razvoj kontingentne/kontekstualne teorije - pregled istraživanja

The contingent/contextual approach to the theory and practice of the organization arose in the 60s of the previous century, and its verification and empirical improvement are still ongoing, with increasing topicality and the presence of an increasingly strong trend of quantifying the influence of contingent/contextual factors and the increasing complexity of research with the same aim - it is expected that by mastering the effect of given factors, the overall efficiency of the company can be increased and that standardization in this field can bring great benefits. So far, the best researched and quantified is the impact of company size and technology on organizational structure factors. However, a large number of interdependencies are still not resolved among contingent factors, such as: a) the connection of decentralization with other contingent factors - company size, environment, etc., b) the influence of digitalization on the range of management, c) the direction of the influence of the degree of mass production on the number of hierarchical levels, d) the impact of innovation as a part of strategy on the organizational structure and many others. Various authors try to solve the above-mentioned questions, but the conclusions between them have not been confirmed so far; what's more, numerous results are released to the scientific public, which are mutually contradictory, as shown in the tabular presentation in the paper. In particular, the contribution of the latest version of the ISO 9001 standard from 2015, which for the first time recognizes the context in the given area, should be highlighted. Finally, it can be concluded that the empirical verification and theoretical enrichment of the contingent theory has been going on for decades, with the presence of an increasingly strong trend of quantifying the impact of contingent factors and the increasing complexity of research with the same goal - it is expected that mastering the effect of contingent factors can increase the overall efficiency of the company.

Factors affecting the physical activity of healthcare workers of Iran University of Medical Sciences: a qualitative study

BackgroundLow physical activity in adulthood is a major public health challenge. The majority of adults spend many hours each week at work, and workplace thus becomes a suitable location in which to promote health and implement physical activity programs. This qualitative study was conducted to identify the barriers and facilitators of worksite physical activity from the perspective of the employees of Iran University of Medical Sciences.MethodsIn this qualitative thematic analysis, five focus group discussions were held with the participation of 68 staff members of Iran University of Medical Sciences who had been selected by purposive sampling with maximum diversity.ResultsThe analysis of the data led to the identification of three general themes, including challenges and barriers, strategies, and incentives (facilitators). The four main categories of challenges and barriers included policy-making and legislation, organizational factors, structural factors, and personal factors. Most barriers identified by the participants were placed in the personal factors and organizational factors categories. The strategies for increasing physical activity were identified in the following three categories: Policy-making and legislation, organizational factors, and environmental factors. The majority of the strategies proposed were placed in the organizational factors and policy-making and legislation categories.ConclusionsIncreasing physical activity in the workplace as a strategy for the general promotion of physical activity in people requires interventions in different areas, especially with regard to organizational factors and policy-making and legislation.

The contribution of organizational culture, structure, and leadership factors in the digital transformation of SMEs: a mixed-methods approach.

Contributing to the scarce literature on how companies can deal with their business model of digital transition, this work explores the digital transformation (DT) process in small and medium enterprises (SME), investigating how organizational culture, structure, and leadership influence it. While such three factors are deemed essential components to facilitate DT, how they operate and how they relate to each other are still not very well-defined issues in need of in-depth investigation. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, following an exploratory sequential design. First, a conceptual model was developed based on qualitative data collected from expert interviews and analyzed through grounded theory. This stage uncovered 25 first-order concepts about culture, structure, and leadership, further organized into 6 constructs and hypothesis paths. Then, with a sample of 192 SMEs, the structural model was measured and validated using exploratory factor analysis and PLS-SEM. As a result, our study offers robust and timely research, whose conceptual model condenses a knowledge corpus that future research can benefit from, and it provides statistical extrapolations about how and how much those factors relate to each other in SME context; moreover, given the traditional scarce resources and lack of flexibility in SMEs, it provides orientation and guidelines to managers facing DT and needing to understand the organizational factors they should be aware of, where to focus energy, and what to expect as results. From a large-scale perspective, this study carries an impactful contribution to the many countries where SMEs play a major economic and social role.

Organizational commitment of emergency physician and its related factors: A national cross-sectional survey in China.

BackgroundOrganizational commitment is important for job performance and employee retention. However, studies on the level of organizational commitment and its related factors among emergency physicians in China are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors associated with organizational commitment among emergency physicians in China.MethodsA national cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 among emergency physicians in China. Data were collected from 10,457 emergency physicians using a standard structured anonymous questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, organizational structure factors and work environment factors. A generalized linear model was used to explore the correlation between the independent variables and organizational commitment.ResultsIn this study, 55.3% of emergency physicians reported a moderate level of organizational commitment. The physicians who were male, younger than 40 years old, had a mid-level title and had a lower average monthly income were more likely to show lower organizational commitment levels. Conversely, the organizational commitment was higher among physicians who perceived that promotion is easy and the number of emergency physicians meet their daily work or had not experienced workplace violence in the last year.ConclusionsThe study showed that organizational commitment among Chinese emergency physicians was moderate and related to gender, age, monthly income, frequency of daily visits, departmental promotion mechanism and workplace violent. Targeted interventions are needed to improve the organizational commitment of emergency physicians in a comprehensive way.

Factors Influencing Tacit Knowledge Sharing in Research Groups in Higher Education Institutions

Higher education institutions (HEIs) create, disseminate, and share knowledge through relationships involving people, processes, and technologies. Tacit knowledge is difficult to formalize and depends on social context. Its sharing is influenced by individual, organizational, and structural factors, and the knowledge management strategy. The literature suggests that this topic is quite relevant and that there is an evident lack of empirical studies investigating the tacit knowledge sharing in higher education institutions (HEIs). In this context, the main objective of this article is to identify the factors that influence the sharing of tacit knowledge in research groups in higher education institutions (HEIs). Data were collected at a Brazilian public higher education institution with a questionnaire applied to research faculty members. The sample was composed of 255 respondents. The data collected enabled the analysis of a structural equation model. The results reveal that individual, organizational structure, and knowledge management strategy factors are determinants for sharing tacit knowledge in the institution’s research groups.

PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENANGANAN PENDERITA GANGGUAN JIWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ENTEPRISE SYSTEMS

The health information system is a digital system that is quite complex so that in the development and evaluation stages, it is necessary to consider cultural, political, social and organizational structure factors. In Bali, the number of people with mental disorders is considered high and the need for treatment is in a fairly long time, that is the reason a management information system is needed to organize data and information about the patients. This study aims to develop a centralized management information system that can be utilised specifically for health workers to manage information regarding people with mental disorders. The development of the management information system in this study involves doctors, volunteers, and admin or organizational staff in every critical process. The prototyping method was chosen as a system development method because it considered more adaptive in capturing the needs of prospective system users. At the evaluation stage, functional evaluation through the Black-box method was used to test the functional capabilities of the system. In addition, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Task Load Index (TLX) were used to evaluate the non-functionality of the system where all users agree that the developed management information system is useful, easy to use, and requires a small cognitive workload.

Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Pelayanan Publik di Kantor Pertanahan Kota Semarang

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational structure, employee capabilities and service facilities on service quality at the Land Office of Semarang City. The main data used is a questionnaire consisting of 27 question items, distributed to people who register and receive land services from Kantor Pertanahan Kota Semarang, either direct applicants or authorized recipients of 377 respondents. The data obtained were analyzed by multiple linear regression using the SPSSv16 software application. The results show that the quality of service at the Kantor Pertanahan Kota Semarang is currently in the good category (average 3.14), even so, there are still several things that need to be addressed related to guaranteeing the timeliness of service management and the accuracy of service costs. There is a significant influence between organizational structure factors, employee capabilities and service facilities on the quality of service both simultaneously at 63.1% and partially at 29.9%, 35.2% and 8.3% respectively. The most dominant factor in determining service quality in this study is the employee ability factor of 35.2%, followed by the organizational structure factor of 19.9% and the service facility factor of 8.3%.

Hospital organizational structure factors related to discharge planning activities for alcoholics by nurses in Japan.

Nurses play a significant role in providing discharge support for alcoholics. We aimed to explore the organizational structures of hospitals that are related to effective discharge planning activities provided by nurses. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Japanese hospitals with psychiatric wards that accept alcoholics. The survey questionnaire was administered to one nurse per hospital from August to September 2019. The Discharge Planning Scale for Ward Nurses (DPWN) was used to assess the actual status of the hospital nurse teams' discharge planning activities. The DPWN consists of four subscales: subscale I, "collect information from patients and their families"; subscale II, "supports for decision-making for the patients and families"; subscale III, "utilization of social resources"; and subscale IV, "discharge guidance by cooperating with community support teams and multidisciplinary teams." From the valid responses of 116 hospitals, scores on subscale IV were significantly lower than scores on subscales I, II, and III, indicating that medical care guidance through multidisciplinary collaboration between hospitals and the community was inadequate. In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that "hospital management and administrators understanding about nurses' discharge support activities," and "planning discharge schedules, such as using clinical paths" were significantly and independently related to the total DPWN and each of subscale scores, regardless of the hospital's establishment body and size. "Multidisciplinary discharge support" was significantly related to subscale II. These findings have implications for the management of discharge planning activities provided by nurses for alcoholics through multidisciplinary collaboration.