Organizational Behavior Research Research Articles

The Impact of Organizational Culture on the Innovation and Performance of SMEs: A Comparative Study between Germany and Thailand

Innovation is recognized as one of the key factors for economic growth and building a competitive advantage for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in today’s world. The purpose of this research is to investigate how innovation is related to organizational culture and performance of SMEs located in Germany and Thailand. Based on an extensive literature review, the authors propose a comprehensive research model that integrates the competing values framework, organizational innovation and the balanced scorecard framework. Data from 213 respondents across both countries were collected and analyzed utilizing structural equation modelling. Results show that despite their contrasting national cultures, adhocracy culture is a key driver of organizational innovation in both countries, leading to enhanced overall organizational performance, particularly in financial and customer dimensions. This study enriches organizational behaviour research with unique cross-cultural perspectives and equips leaders of SMEs with practical strategies for cultivating an adhocracy culture across diverse cultural landscapes.

Farming without farms? Challenges for organisational behaviour research in an upcoming transformation process

PurposeThe paper intends to show why farms as we know them today may soon be a thing of the past and that organisational behaviour research has an important contribution to make in assisting the upcoming transformation.Design/methodology/approachTwo strains of literature are reviewed and then synthesised: the literature on robots replacing humans in agricultural production and the literature on vertical integration that shifts decisions to agribusiness. Then the potential contribution of organisational behaviour research is outlined.FindingsIt is shown how the farm is likely to lose both roles for which their geographic entity is important: making decisions and carrying out production. This requires contributions from organisational behaviour research in the realms of decision designs and social systems.Social implicationsIt can be anticipated that the most profitable strategy for farmland owners in the future will be collaboration with contractors. Farms as organisations, are increasingly losing their importance. This not only has grave social implications for farmworkers and landowners but also for scholars in organisational behaviour research.Originality/valueThe paper challenges an organisational unit that is so familiar to us that it is rarely questioned.

A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Employee Performance

This paper aims to identify research trends on values and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and their effect on employee performance globally. The Method used in this study is qualitative research with literature review. As for the data found, 109 documents were obtained and analyzed 2014-2023. This dataset was converted to CSV format andfor Bibliometrix in the analysis using VOSviwer. The study included publication distribution year, country, keywords, and authors. This study's findings show that the research trend from 2014 to 2023 indexed by Scopus has increased. 2020 became the year with the highest number of research publications on Citizenship Organizational Behavior and Employee Performance. Indonesia was identified as the country that contributed the most to the publication of this research, with studies in Citizenship Organizational Behavior, Job Rotation, and Physical Work Environment. This paper reveals the research trends and areas of Citizenship, Organizational Behavior, and employee performance. The results help scholars quickly understand the research of Citizenship Organizational Behavior

A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Employee Performance

This paper aims to identify research trends on values and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and their effect on employee performance globally. The Method used in this study is qualitative research with literature review. As for the data found, 109 documents were obtained and analyzed 2014-2023. This dataset was converted to CSV format andfor Bibliometrix in the analysis using VOSviwer. The study included publication distribution year, country, keywords, and authors. This study's findings show that the research trend from 2014 to 2023 indexed by Scopus has increased. 2020 became the year with the highest number of research publications on Citizenship Organizational Behavior and Employee Performance. Indonesia was identified as the country that contributed the most to the publication of this research, with studies in Citizenship Organizational Behavior, Job Rotation, and Physical Work Environment. This paper reveals the research trends and areas of Citizenship, Organizational Behavior, and employee performance. The results help scholars quickly understand the research of Citizenship Organizational Behavior

The impact of procedural justice on employee turnover intentions and the role of two mediators

Purpose While there is ample discussion in management studies and organizational behavior textbooks about the factors that impact organizational outcomes, such as employee retention, this research is focused on exploring the previously unexplored question of how procedural justice, job characteristics and meaningful work influence employees' intentions to leave their organizations. As such, this study aims to investigate the impact of procedural justice on employees' intentions to leave, both independently and in conjunction with job characteristics and meaningful work as mediators. Design/methodology/approach This study uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to develop the research model and for hypothesis testing. The path model is assessed using critical model fit indices and measures of goodness of fit. Findings The results reveal a negative relationship between procedural justice and employees’ intentions to leave. This negative relationship persists and is strengthened when both job characteristics and meaningful work act as mediators. Although job characteristics only exerted a significant effect through indirect effects, meaningful work demonstrated a significant negative impact on the intentions to leave through both direct and indirect effects. Originality/value This study presents a new perspective on employee retention by proposing an original mediation-based path model. Through the testing of eleven hypotheses, the study reveals the intricate relationships between the four constructs examined. The findings provide valuable insights that can serve as a basis for future research in management studies and organizational behavior.

Human Capital Strategies to Foster Employee Engagement Within Post Pandemic Layoffs

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to highlight productivity and engagement issues being experienced across industries, subsequent to strategic human capital realignment, in response to changes in the business environment. The linkages among employee engagement as related to leadership communication, work-life balance, and professional development are explored as the discussion draws on previous research examining employee’s organizational behavior to leadership response within the midst of exceptional events. Design/Methodology/Approach: The authors draw upon 15+ years in general management, communications consultant, and research in organizational behavior. Findings: Research shows that the restoration of trust and a path to creating an organizational culture which invites job engagement through organizational commitment are paramount. The combination of specific strategies coupled with organizational resource management during crises such as rapid and massive layoffs, change, and uncertainty indicates the necessity for tenacity with adaptability facilitated by strategic leadership communication of a shared vision. It will be important for organizational leaders to consider human capital investment strategies that can boost engagement. Practical Implications: Within the context of uncertainty organizational leaders must communicate empathy with employees and examine how much of a role an individual’s perceived career mobility and skill competence plays in strengthening their work engagement. Employees with positive work-life balance can exercise resilience, creativity, and tenacity. As organizations tackle the varying factors related to employee retention and engagement, they should implement strategies that not only retain employees but equip them with the characteristics that define psychological capital within the future of work. Post-pandemic organizational behavioral practices must empower employees to obtain a work lifestyle that allows them to feel in control of their personal and professional trajectories. Originality/value: The current study contributes to the stream of literature on layoff anxiety, productivity issues, and the role leadership communication and human capital strategies play in bolstering employee engagement. Furthermore, the current study highlights the importance of strategic leadership communication as organizations grapple with the challenges of a post layoff exercise, such as, how to increase productivity, engagement, retention, adaptability to the future of work, and profitability for long term growth.

A practical tool for managing change: cross-sectional psychometric assessment of the safe surgery organizational readiness tool.

Strengthening health systems through planned safety and quality improvement initiatives is an imperative to achieve more equitable, resilient, and effective care. And yet, years of organizational behavior research demonstrate that change initiatives often fall short because managers fail to account for organizational readiness for change. This finding remains true especially among surgical safety and quality improvement initiatives in low-income countries and middle-income countries. In this study, our aim was to psychometrically assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the Safe Surgery Organizational Readiness Tool (SSORT), a short survey tool designed to provide change leaders with insight into facility infrastructure that supports learning and readiness to undertake change. To demonstrate generalizability and achieve a large sample size ( n =1706) to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), a collaboration between seven surgical and anesthesia safety and quality improvement initiatives was formed. Collected survey data from health care workers were divided into pilot, exploration, and confirmation samples. The pilot sample was used to assess feasibility. The exploration sample was used to conduct EFA, while the confirmation sample was used to conduct CFA. Factor internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results of the EFA retained 9 of the 16 proposed factors associated with readiness to change. CFA results of the identified 9 factor model, measured by 28 survey items, demonstrated excellent fit to data. These factors (appropriateness, resistance to change, team efficacy, team learning orientation, team valence, communication about change, learning environment, vision for sustainability, and facility capacity) were also found to be internally consistent. Our findings suggest that communication, team learning, and supportive environment are components of change readiness that can be reliably measured prior to implementation of projects that promote surgical safety and quality improvement in low-income countries and middle-income countries. Future research can link performance on identified factors to outcomes that matter most to patients.

Exploring Contemporary Perspectives in Organizational Behavior Research

Purpose: This study explores contemporary perspectives on organizational behavior, focusing on leadership, organizational culture, employee motivation, and diversity and inclusion. By examining these elements, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of their impact on organizational effectiveness. Research Design and Methodology: A qualitative literature review was conducted to synthesize existing research on organizational behavior. Scholarly articles, books, and reports were reviewed, focusing on theoretical frameworks and empirical studies on leadership styles, cultural dynamics, motivational factors, and inclusive practices. Findings and Discussion: The review highlights the significance of transformational leadership in enhancing employee engagement and performance. Influential organizational culture, characterized by shared values and norms, is critical in shaping behavior and promoting innovation. Employee motivation, influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, is crucial for productivity and satisfaction. Diversity and inclusion contribute to creativity and problem-solving, improving organizational outcomes. However, challenges such as unconscious bias and systemic barriers need to be addressed to foster genuinely inclusive environments. Implications: Integrating insights from organizational behavior research into practice can enhance leadership effectiveness, cultural alignment, and employee motivation. Organizations should invest in leadership development, promote a positive and adaptive culture, and implement diversity and inclusion initiatives. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and interdisciplinary approaches to address emerging trends and complexities in organizational behavior.

Etiology, consequences, and solutions of working women’s work-life conflict: a qualitative study

IntroductionWork-life conflict (WLC) is important in organizational behavior research and human resource management. The present research aimed to investigate the underlying causes, consequences, and solutions to WLC in Iranian working women.Materials and methodsThe present qualitative study was conducted through a content analysis method among 19 working married women in Birjand, a city in the east of Iran, from December 2021 to February 2022. To collect the data, semi-structured interviews were held. The average interview time was 45 minutes, and all interviews were recorded upon the participants’ consent. Finally, after coding, the information was analyzed with MAXQDA software.FindingsThe causes of conflict included 4 main categories of individual, interpersonal, organizational, and cultural factors, with seven subcategories: the pressure of the mother’s role at home, personality traits, lack of individual skills, insufficient support, work characteristics, organizational policies, and the traditional role of women in society.The consequences of conflict included 2 main categories, Decreasing quality of life and work problems with 4 subcategories: physical and mental illnesses, forgetting one’s role towards others, limiting social communication, and reducing productivity.Conflict resolution methods included 3 main classes of individual-oriented, other-oriented, and organization-oriented with 8 subclasses: program-oriented, meaning-oriented, emotion-oriented, avoidance, emotional support, instrumental and work support, support work policies, and correct management views.ConclusionTo solve the problem of conflict, different aspects should be considered and help to solve this challenge by influencing each dimension.

The effect of transformational leadership on restaurant employees on trust, altruistic intention and organizational commitment: the moderation effect of surface acting

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of the transformational leadership style on the behaviour of restaurant employees. Also, it was aimed to investigate the effect of transformational leadership on trust and the effect of trust on altruistic intention and organizational commitment. Design/methodology/approach The study integrates insights from transformational leadership to provide a fresh perspective to advance comparative organizational behaviour research. To test the hypotheses, the authors conduct a multiple analysis with observations from Turkey getting staff in culinary department with a quantitative survey. Findings This study equips different professional entities in the food and beverage industry with useful, contextualized links between transformational leadership. According to results, the perspective of transformational leadership style affects the concepts of trust, altruistic value and organizational commitment positively. Charisma, moral modelling and individualized consideration had a significant effect on trust. Also, trust has a significant effect on altruistic intention and organizational commitment. Research limitations/implications The present study incorporated confidence as a mediating variable; however, it is recommended that alternative scales be used in subsequent research endeavours. Future research endeavours may incorporate theoretical frameworks such as theory of planned behaviour or stimulus-organism-response. Practical implications Transformational leadership style is a good acquisition for restaurant employees. There is a healthier and safer job sharing in these restaurants. This can be interpreted as a more satisfied customer. A good leader has a great contribution to the future and sustainability of the business. Social implications This research created a new model and examined employees’ views on the company and its management. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that charisma, moral modelling and individualized consideration had a significant effect on trust. Originality/value This assists in learning better service quality developing and business practices to augment culinary staff, thereby maximizing their valuable contributions to tourism growth. This research created a new model and examined employees’ views on the company and its management.

The leader affect revolution reloaded: Toward an integrative framework and a robust science

Along with the affective revolution in organizational behavior research, leadership research has also experienced an affective revolution, resulting in a field of research on the intersection of affect and leadership. Based on the results of a review of 162 articles published in eight top-tier management and leadership journals over three decades (1990–2022), I identify a range of topics on the intersection of leadership and affect, and organize them under an integrative cognitive-affective-behavioral-trait (CAB-T) thematic framework. Although the field appears to be flourishing, it may have built on a shaky foundation, because most of the published empirical studies are flawed by critical issues such as endogeneity and poor research design. For example, only 12 out of 127 empirical articles are possibly without endogeneity issues; 3 out of 32 experiments and 2 out of 11 qualitative studies are considered rigorous against specified criteria. Based on the identified limitations, I provide a future research agenda for a robust field of leader affect research.

Religion, Spirituality, and the Workplace: A Review and Critique

Religion and spirituality strongly influence how most people experience the world, and opportunities to integrate faith and work abound. Yet research on religion, spirituality, and the workplace continues to have somewhat limited impact on mainstream organizational psychology and organizational behavior research. We review the most recent generation of research in this area. We describe high-level trends in the literature and summarize consistent patterns of results linking these constructs with usually beneficial attitudinal, behavioral, and other types of criterion variables. We identify four challenges that hamper progress in this area of research: conceptualizing and measuring core constructs, finding coherence amid theoretical diversity, integrating multiple levels of analysis and explanation, and navigating religion and spirituality in organizational practice. All of these challenges point to paths forward that may usher in a new wave of scholarship using meaning systems as an integrative framework, and practices that foster inclusion, integration, and both individual and organizational well-being.

Mapping the Landscape of Impostor Phenomenon Research in Organizational Behavior: A Bibliometric Study between 2003 and 2022

The Impostor Phenomenon is a psychological phenomenon characterized by an individual's inability to internalize their success despite substantial evidence, leading them to feel like a fraud in their status. This phenomenon is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the success and survival of organizations. However, despite its practical and scientific importance, the Impostor Phenomenon has a relatively short history in the field of organizational behavior. Research into the impostor phenomenon in organizational behavior has seen significant growth between 2003 and 2022. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research status of this topic during this period and to determine the main and sub-themes in which this concept has been examined in academic contexts. The current study focuses on determining which main and sub-themes this concept is examined in academic context. In the study, the articles in the web of science database were examined. The articles were analyzed by performing Bibliometrics analysis with the Vosviewer program. It is aimed to determine and cluster the network relations of the concepts with each other. It has been determined that five basic clusters are word or concept-based representation of imposter phenomenon. These clusters are named as “Organizational Psychology”, "Business Management”, “Sustainable Business”, “"Human Resource Management and Positive Psychology” and "Organizational Change Management."

Unveiling the Nuances of Human Interaction within Organizational Settings

Purpose: The primary purpose of this research is to explore the intricate dynamics of human interaction in organizational contexts, focusing on communication, teamwork, leadership, and organizational culture. By comprehensively examining these aspects, the study seeks to uncover how they collectively impact organizational effectiveness and individual satisfaction. Research Design and Methodology: The methodology involves a qualitative literature review, integrating data from various academic sources, including journals and books. The research utilizes systematic search strategies, rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, and qualitative content analysis to ensure a comprehensive synthesis. Findings and Discussion: The study reveals that effective communication is pivotal in maintaining operational efficiency and fostering a positive work environment. Leadership styles significantly influence workplace dynamics, affecting everything from decision-making processes to employee morale. Teamwork and organizational culture are identified as crucial elements that contribute to the overall health and productivity of organizations. Implications: The findings suggest practical applications for organizational leaders aiming to enhance workplace interactions and organizational policies. Recommendations include investing in leadership development, fostering a collaborative culture, and implementing robust communication systems to improve engagement and productivity. Theoretical contributions include a deeper understanding of the interplay between individual behaviors and organizational structures, offering a foundation for future research in organizational behavior.

The Promise of Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions for Organizational Scholarship and Practice: Conceptual Development and Research Agenda

Organizational researchers are now making widespread use of ecological momentary assessments but have not yet taken the logical next step to ecological momentary interventions, also called Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs). JITAIs have the potential to test within-person causal theories and maximize practical benefits to participants through two developmental phases: The microrandomized trial and the randomized controlled trial, respectively. In the microrandomized trial design, within-person randomization and experimental manipulation maximize internal validity at the within-person level. In the randomized controlled trial design, interventions are delivered in a timely and ecological manner while avoiding unnecessary and ill-timed interventions that potentially increase participant fatigue and noncompliance. Despite these potential advantages, the development and implementation of JITAIs require consideration of many conceptual and methodological factors. Given the benefits of JITAIs, but also the various considerations involved in using them, this review introduces organizational behavior and human resources researchers to JITAIs, provides guidelines for JITAI design, development, and evaluation, and describes the extensive potential of JITAIs in organizational behavior and human resources research.

An empirical study on impact of employee green behaviour on employee well–being with mediating role of self-esteem in higher educational institutions using PLS SEM

Environmental conservation and sustainable development are focus areas in various fields. Of late, researchers in HRM discipline, organizational behavior, and sustainability are focusing on the factors influencing green behavior. The study evaluated the perceptions of faculty members towards green behavior in educational institutions and also measured how these perceptions could impact their well-being in the workplace. The prime objective is to explore the connections between the green behavior of employees in the workplace, employee well-being, and self-esteem. The sample of the study consisted of faculty members from a higher educational institution in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and 410 questionnaires were given out, with 385 accurate responses received online using Google Docs. Convenience sampling is a non-probabilistic methodology that collects data from members who are available to take part in research. Employee green behavior has an indirect impact on employee well-being and self-esteem, which is positively mediated between employee green behavior and employee well-being.

Organizational Health Behavior Index (OHBI): A Tool for Measuring Organizational Health

Organizational health helps companies achieve their goals, gain a competitive edge, and boost employee engagement and well-being by determining a company’s ability to establish, communicate, and implement a unified business strategy while retaining highly engaged employees. The current study aimed to develop and validate an original two-subscale measure that evaluates organizational health behavior determinants, including a quantitative 5-point Likert-type “Subscale A” of 16 items in 5 dimensions (awareness, appreciation, relations, employee engagement, and internal communication) and a qualitative “Subscale B” of 10 items in 3 dimensions (employee persona, organizational culture, and employee voice) called the Organization Health Behavior Index (OHBI). The combination of the two methodologies enhances the study’s credibility, validity, and applicability, as well as its contribution to the field of organizational health behavior research. Furthermore, the study included three sample groups and a sample of 3510 respondents from five sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: agriculture, education, government, health, and logistics. This research includes various stages in the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the OHBI. These stages include conducting reliability analysis, performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and finalizing the scale. The model’s fit indices, such as the chi-squared test, comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker–Lewis index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), collectively demonstrated a favorable fit for the model. The findings presented in this study offer support for the reliability and validity of the OHBI scale. The OHBI scale comprehensively encompasses the necessary psychometric properties related to its construction and validation, thereby establishing its validity and reliability as a robust measure of organizational health behavior. The OHBI can help create an environment at work that boosts productivity, engagement, and retention. Organizations can compare their health behavior ratings to industry standards or best practices using the index.

창의적인 업무에서 개인의 외향성과 창의적 자기효능감이 팀내 개인의 영향력에 미치는 영향: 음성 센서를 활용한 팀내 개인의 발언 패턴의 매개효과

The advancement of information technology (e.g., machine learning, big data, and sensors) enables us to collect granular data for analysis. The usage of such technology has provided an opportunity to expand the current understanding in organizational behavior research. We developed and validated the voice detection algorithm to examine member influence in creative team tasks. In particular, we tested the effect of extravert personality as social cues on the team member influence via a mediating mechanism of individual speech patterns using the voice detection technology. We further hypothesized that creative self-efficacy moderates the mediation effect of the speech patterns between extravert personality and member influence. To test our theoretical model, we conducted a creative task experiment using voice detection sensors with a sample of 117 student members in 39 work teams. The major findings are as follows: First, extravert personality was positively related to the members’influence in teams. In addition, members’relative ratio of speaking time positively mediated the relationship between extravert personality and member influence. Finally, we found the moderated mediation effect of members’creative self-efficacy, that weakened the mediation relationship of the relative speaking time extravert personality and member influence. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of team dynamics by capturing real-time conversation patterns. We discussed theoretical and practical implications and limitations were discussed.

A multilevel review of artificial intelligence in organizations: Implications for organizational behavior research and practice

SummaryThe rising use of artificially intelligent (AI) technologies, including generative AI tools, in organizations is undeniable. As these systems become increasingly integrated into organizational practices and processes, understanding their impact on workers' experiences and job designs is critical. However, the ongoing discourse surrounding AI use in the workplace remains divided. Proponents of the technology extol its benefits for enhancing efficiency and productivity, while others voice concerns about the potential harm to human workers. To provide greater clarity on this pressing issue, this article presents a systematic review of empirical research that sheds light on the implications of AI use at work. Organized under five inductively generated themes within a multilevel framework, we uncover individual, group, and organizational factors that shape the interplay between humans and AI. Specifically, the themes are: (1) human–AI collaboration; (2) perceptions of algorithmic and human capabilities; (3) worker attitudes towards AI; (4) AI as a control mechanism in algorithmic management of platform‐based work; and (5) labor market implications of AI use. Our review offers insights into these themes and identifies five pathways for future research. Finally, we provide practical recommendations for organizational leaders seeking to implement AI technologies while prioritizing their employees' well‐being.

Why Do Millennials Perform Dysfunctional Behavior Toward an Organization? An Exploratory Study in an Urban Campus

Organizations can determine what constitutes dysfunctional behavior in several ways, often by aligning with the shared social values of the local society in which the organization operates. In relation to this, urban environments pose a particular challenge to organizations as its higher degree of diversity compared to rural areas. This exploratory study aims to identify the causes of millennials’ dysfunctional behavior toward organizations. Further, the authors would explore the dimension characteristics of dysfunctional behavior of millennials toward an organization. This study was conducted on an urban campus, with 197 students from various study programs being the respondents. Data collection used open-ended questions distributed through online surveys, followed by focus group discussions to obtain more detailed answers. The results showed that the main targets of the students’ dysfunctional behavior were the college itself, the lecturing staff, and the student-led organizations. The most common reasons for this behavior were disappointment with the goal and being encouraged by other students. The study also found that despite being aware that their actions were deemed unethical by the target, students who committed dysfunctional behaviors did not feel guilty because they believed the target deserved it. The findings of this study are useful for organizational behavior research, particularly in the study of dysfunctional behavior, as it provides empirical data to support that retaliation is one of the antecedents of dysfunctional behavior.
 Keywords: revenge behavior, perception of justice, service failure recovery, consumer ethical standards