Organization Of Agricultural Production Research Articles

The Potential Diversity of Agricultural Biomass in the Context of the Organization of Agricultural Production and Circular Agriculture in Poland

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, but it also generates many residues and waste that are only partially used (as, for example, feed, litter, and fertilizer). The resulting residues and waste can be valuable components for other sectors of the economy (e.g., energy), contributing to the implementation of a circular economy. The main aim of the research is to assess the diversity of the biomass potential from agricultural residues in the context of the level of organization of agricultural production and circular agriculture in Poland at the local level (314 counties). The level of organization of agricultural production was determined using the synthetic measure based on four variables (average farm size, number of tractors per farm, share of farms producing for the market, and the number of AWU per 100 ha of UAA). The potential of agricultural biomass was estimated on the basis of existing surpluses of straw, hay, energy crops grown on marginal lands, and residues from orchard maintenance. The data came from the General Agricultural Census conducted by the Polish Statistical Office in 2020. The conducted research showed that over 75% of counties are characterized by a high and medium level of organization of agricultural production. However, unused biomass resources from agricultural production residues are common (2/3 of counties are characterized by high and medium potential). There is a positive relationship between the level of biomass potential from agricultural residues and the level of organization of agricultural production at the local level in Poland, but the strength of this relationship is weak.

The Potential Diversity of Agricultural Biomass in the Context of the Organization of Agricultural Production and Circular Agriculture in Poland

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, but it also generates many residues and waste that are only partially used (as, for example, feed, litter, and fertilizer). The resulting residues and waste can be valuable components for other sectors of the economy (e.g., energy), contributing to the implementation of a circular economy. The main aim of the research is to assess the diversity of the biomass potential from agricultural residues in the context of the level of organization of agricultural production and circular agriculture in Poland at the local level (314 counties). The level of organization of agricultural production was determined using the synthetic measure based on four variables (average farm size, number of tractors per farm, share of farms producing for the market, and the number of AWU per 100 ha of UAA). The potential of agricultural biomass was estimated on the basis of existing surpluses of straw, hay, energy crops grown on marginal lands, and residues from orchard maintenance. The data came from the General Agricultural Census conducted by the Polish Statistical Office in 2020. The conducted research showed that over 75% of counties are characterized by a high and medium level of organization of agricultural production. However, unused biomass resources from agricultural production residues are common (2/3 of counties are characterized by high and medium potential). There is a positive relationship between the level of biomass potential from agricultural residues and the level of organization of agricultural production at the local level in Poland, but the strength of this relationship is weak.

THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON THE COSTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOANS IN BUSINESS OF AGRICULTURAL FARMS AND MEDIUM-SIZED AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The application of the use of different types of loans in the real organization of agricultural production in Republic of Serbia was the focus of the authors of the study. The goal of the research was to determine the existence of legality based on the analysis of 7 factors affecting the loans of agricultural farms and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, namely: limit, repayment delay, efficiency, average exchange rate, possibility of repayment, increase in production, currency, as well as the overall score of all analyzed factors as well as the total score. Using the t test (Table 1), the authors found that there are significant differences in the evaluation of all 7 analyzed factors (p<0.0005*). In addition, the authors determined that there are significant differences in the evaluation of the use of three types of loans (p<0.0005*) by agricultural farms and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Serbia.

Prospective assessments of the implementation of marketing tools in the sales activities of agribusiness enterprises

The article aims to reveal the specifics of the marketing activities of agrarian enterprises, considering marketing approaches to their management. Differences in the definitions of the terms «sales,» «sales activity,» «sales policy,» «sales activity management system,» and «sales activity management» were revealed. It has been established that «sales» and «sales activity» are interchangeable concepts. It has been proven that the marketing activity of agricultural enterprises has its own characteristics, which are primarily determined by the specifics of products, the sales market, and the state of production systems. It was noted that the implementation of the marketing policy of agricultural enterprises is negatively affected by several factors, most of which are related to the inherited problems of domestic agriculture, in particular, the underdevelopment of logistics, price disparity, and low quality of agricultural raw materials etc. Differences in the organization of agricultural production are also projected on enterprises' sales activities, particularly the architecture of their sales channels. It was established that, compared to 1991, the volume of crop production in Ukraine during 2014-2022 increased (except factory sugar beets), while livestock production decreased. Agricultural products' production and sale volumes during 2014...2021 did not undergo significant changes. In 2022, the production volume of the main types of agricultural products decreased, which relates to the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the rf into Ukraine. Prices for all main types of agricultural products in the studied period tend to increase. It was found that there is a conflict of interest between the value chain participants, primarily because each has their commercial interests, which are maximizing profits at the expense of minimizing costs. It is recommended that direct marketing methods using the potential of social networks and the Internet be implemented to ensure a high-income level for representatives of agrarian businesses. Keywords: sales, sales activity of agricultural enterprises, marketing tools, distribution channels, value chain.

Značaj utvrđivanja efikasnosti poslovanja poljoprivrednih gazdinstava u odnosu na korišćenje vrste kredita u poljoprivredi, primer Republike Srbije

The organization of agricultural production in countries such as the Republic of Serbia should be as close as possible to optimality. This can be achieved in different ways. One of the ways to improve the success and efficiency of business should be seen in the search for the most favorable form of obtaining loans from commercial banks. The paper highlights the importance of analyzing three types of loans, namely: a loan for refinancing intended for agriculture, an investment loan intended for agriculture and a loan for working capital intended for agriculture from the perspective of the efficiency of agricultural operations. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed for the observation period 2021-2022. The main conclusion is that there is a connection between the efficiency of agricultural operations with all three forms of taking loans by agricultural farms on a sample of N =149, that is, the obtained results confirmed this (p<.05). In addition, the study points to the existence of another conclusion, i.e. that the costs related to the taken loans in the observed period have an increase, but they do not have such an impact as the analyzed three forms of loans taken by agricultural holdings, because their impact is in the interval of 0.067 for 2021 to 0.070 in 2022.

Development of intelligent technology elements to establish optimal harvest dates for grain crops

The outstripping pace of agro-industrial complex development is largely determined by the level of agricultural production organization. The effectiveness of crop cultivation depends both on external factors: nature of soils, climatic conditions, etc., and on the skillful organization of agrotechnical measures, timely implementation of planned sowing cycles, cultivation and harvesting of crop production. The development of intelligent technologies can optimize the use of resources and management processes in the field of agriculture, as well as improve the quality of finished products. In particular, using the capabilities of artificial intelligence, it is possible to process large amounts of data on soil composition, fertility, humidity, and other soil parameters; predict weather and climate, forecast and plan sowings of certain crops. With the help of modern intelligent technologies, it is possible to monitor the condition of plants, identify diseases and pests, control growth and determine the best time for sowing, various types of plant treatment and time for harvesting. Definitely, these are just some areas where intelligent technologies in agriculture that can be used. With the development of technology and improved data availability, the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in all the areas mentioned will only grow.

Efektivnost upravljanja poljoprivrednom mehanizacijom dodatnim angažovanjem u poljoprivrednim gazdinstvima u Republici Srbiji

Increasing the effectiveness of agricultural machinery management can be done in several ways. In this paper, author highlight the importance of using agricultural mechanization through additional engagement, and that in the largest and most numerous forms of agricultural production organization in the Republic of Serbia, more precisely within agricultural holdings. In the work, five types of agricultural mechanization were observed, in such a way that they were additionally engaged within the scope of the expansion of the basic activity of agricultural farms, within the framework of the development of rural tourism. The main conclusion reached by the authors of the study is that there is a strong influence of the effectiveness of the use of agricultural machinery, which is additionally used to perform work on agricultural farms. This was confirmed after the analysis carried out on the basis of the obtained samples of N=132, where a comparison was made of two forms of use of agricultural mechanization, i.e. standard use in 52 farms with a new form of use, in 80 agricultural farms, i.e. in agricultural farms that used the same agricultural mechanization for business needs, so-called rural tourism. The views were strengthened based on the obtained results of the comparison of the mentioned two forms of use of agricultural mechanization (p<.05) and indicate the importance of additional use of agricultural mechanization in the overall operation of agricultural farms.

From the Ground Up

This paper explores the potential of GIS-based analyses of legacy survey data to inform discussions of settlement patterning, demographic change and the social organisation of agricultural production in the ancient Mediterranean. Legacy survey data represent an important body of evidence for understanding the development of past settlement systems, while their digitisation presents opportunities for novel quantitative and spatial analyses. By combining data from three contiguous intensive surveys from the Mirabello area of eastern Crete, this study investigates trajectories of demographic change and subsistence practice in the Early Iron Age (EIA) and Archaic periods (ca. 1200–550 bc), utilising GIS-based modelling of minimal agricultural catchments, and considering the relationships between communities over multiple geographic scales. This analysis highlights a transition away from clusters of small, demographically interdependent hamlets and villages in the earlier part of the EIA, toward the consolidation of nucleated population centres by the Archaic. The investigation of these developments contributes to our understanding of the scale, territorial control and management of agricultural hinterlands in the formative stages of the Greek poleis. The methods employed have wider relevance for the study of agricultural systems in the ancient Mediterranean, and highlight the important ongoing contributions of legacy survey data to theorising ancient subsistence economies.

Features of the innovative potential of rural local economy and large agribusiness

Relevance. Тhe complex geopolitical situation exacerbates the risks of supplying foreign innovations. A number of branches of the agro-industrial complex are dangerously dependent on imports of seeds and planting material, seeds of highly productive livestock, machinery, equipment and technologies. Therefore, a scientific analysis of various organizational and legal forms of agricultural production organization is required to determine their innovative potential, which can be used with minimal risks and costs. Consideration of the features of the innovative development of the local rural economy and large agribusiness and the reserves of their technological growth in the conditions of sanctions shocks and taking into account Russian specifics determined the relevance of the study.Methods. The research methods of socio-economic processes are used, among which abstract-logical, monographic and comparative analysis methods prevail.Results. Тhe features of innovative development in the subjects of rural local economy and large agribusiness are revealed. It is shown that in small and medium-sized enterprises in rural areas, the diffusion of innovations, which is common for the economy, is subject to significant correction under the influence of a number of factors, among which there are many intangible substances. The key conclusion is made about the exhaustion of the innovative potential of agricultural holdings and large agricultural organizations at the present stage of development of the Russian agrocomplex and about the great opportunities for its use by the rural local economy.

World sociodynamics of rural communities in the Russian village

World sociodynamics of rural communities in the Russian village

Economic and Environmental Effects of Innovative Potato Cultivation with the Use of Beneficial Microorganisms in Poland

Abstract Agricultural production is the main area of human activity that affects both food security and well-being, as well as the environment, in which people live. The modern economy tries to combine economic and environmental goals, because uncontrolled intensive production growth can lead to irreversible changes in the environment. This paper addresses the issue of evaluating one of the methods in search of the golden mean of sustainable agricultural production, on the example of the potato-microbiome interaction leading to the development of an innovative strategy of potato breeding and production. The aim was to apprise the economic and environmental effects of innovative potato cultivation with the use of beneficial microorganisms in Poland based on the field data. The data for the analyses were obtained from experimental field work carried out in 2021–2022 under the PotatoMetaBiome project. The analysis of the collected data allowed us to conclude that from the economic point of view, the most profitable was the strategy that included the use of practices based on synthetic means of production (with mineral fertilizers and chemical protection). On the other hand, the use of innovative preparations with beneficial microorganisms slightly increased the profitability in relation to the strategy without means of production and with the use of synthetic means of production. At the same time, it had the least negative impact on the environment than other agricultural practices. The obtained results indicate that the use of beneficial microorganisms may be a viable alternative agricultural strategy in potato production. It allows farmers to obtain satisfactory economic results while maintaining the environmental regime. Their use, however, requires further research in terms of the impact on the economics and organisation of agricultural production.

Al-ʿUcha

<i>Al-ʿUcha</i>

Organization of agricultural production and land use to ensure sustainable agricultural development

The article analyzes the organization of production and land use in the agricultural production cooperative “Sibiryak”. The main activity of the enterprise is the breeding of dairy cattle, the production of raw milk and crop production. The total land area of “Sibiryak” for 2021 is 11034 hectares. Owned land is 1035 ha, the area of leased land is 9999 ha. The indicators of economic efficiency of livestock production are calculated and characterize the enterprise as highly efficient. The economic use of land can be called stable, therefore, it is possible to predict the prerequisites for the further development of crop and livestock industries.

Optimal organization of dry lands in case study of Uzbekistan

The article showed that the internal land development projects, which include the organization of the territory, along with other measures, will give certain positive results in the rational organization of the use of dry land. Land planning projects developed based on land assessment data create an opportunity to optimize areas of arid lands and crops and justify the economic and technical-organizational aspects of the effective organization of agricultural production in these areas. The results of the conducted scientific research confirmed that in organizing the use of dry arable land in the plain region, first, it is of great importance to search for water sources in these areas, including the study of underground water sources and to positively solve the issues of water extraction by digging artesian wells. Using the data of soil monitoring in dry areas, the soil's natural fertility, its production characteristics, and the possibilities of its use in agriculture were considered to organize the agriculture of the region. Special agrotechnology for soils in dry areas was proposed. In this case, the use of secondary resources available in the republic (low-grade phosphorite, non-traditional agro-ores, various wastes) in field conditions on low-productivity lands (credit score below 40); it was recommended to obtain new organ mineral fertilizers by applying biotechnological methods on farmlands. Organ mineral fertilizers are prepared by composting based on manure and low-grade coal phosphorites in a ratio of 9:1 for 4 months. Other organ mineral fertilizers are made because of Angren low-grade coal and Central Kyzyl-Kum phosphorite flour. These fertilizers have been tested in farm conditions. The use of the proposed technology is resource efficient and solves environmental problems. When applying this technology, soil fertility is restored and improved, the amount of organic matter and organic matter in it increases year by year, the cost of mineral fertilizers is 30-40% and more, and the cost of organic fertilizer is 3-4 times allows to reduce. According to the research results, an additional harvest of 10-12 s/h was obtained from winter wheat.

Ecological and landscape state and prospects of rational land use (by example of geocomplexes on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus, the Republic of Azerbaijan)

The relationship between humans and nature is an eternal problem. The growing impact of human economic activity on the environment forces us to reconsider the prevailing idea of the criteria for the effectiveness of a particular organization of agricultural production. The author suggests that, along with economic indicators, the environmental factor should come first here. In order to study the ecological and landscape state of the researched area, the author made calculations of the ecological indicators of the area and gave some recommendations to achieve sustainable land use.

Dual estimates in the economic and mathematical analysis of optimal solutions in crop production and animal husbandry

Economic and mathematical analysis used in agriculture allows solving a wide range of problems. Such as optimization of the territorial organization of agricultural production taking into account the agro ecological properties of the land, establishment of rational sizes and structure of land ownership and land use, optimization of transformation and improvement of land, placement of crop rotations, increasing soil fertility, design of anti-erosion measures, modeling of the production process in crop production and animal husbandry. The purpose of the work was to study the dual estimates in the economic and mathematical analysis of optimal solutions in crop production and animal husbandry. The “Solution search” module in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor, used to solve optimization problems, allows you to get not only the optimal solution itself, but also information about the value of each resource, the sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes in resource reserves, variations in the coeffi cients of the objective function and evaluate the contribution of each resource to profitability. These features provided by the package usually remain unused. Based on the considered example, it was shown how price fl uctuations can be calculated, as well as fl uctuations in crop yields and animal productivity, within which the optimal solution obtained, will be stable. Thus, the sustainability report generated by the “Solution Search” module in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor is a good tool for economic analysis of the optimal plan and allows you to estimate the result of making changes to it in advance.

Strategic aspects of cluster organization of agricultural production

The article examines the main strategic aspects of the cluster organization of agricultural production. Existing research on this topic was analyzed, and the possibilities of cluster organization of agricultural production under modern conditions were studied. It is emphasized that the formation of self-governing cluster agro-industrial associations is one of the critical components of reforming the system of managing the development of agro-industrial production in the conditions of decentralization of power, European integration, and the development of inter-economic and public self-government. A semantic scheme of the cluster organization of agricultural production has been developed, the object of which is agricultural products, the subjects of which are agricultural enterprises, and which provides for the creation of closed cycles of "production" - "storage", - "processing" - "sale" of agricultural products based on integration with using mechanisms of corporatization and cooperation to achieve competitive products and increase profitability for cluster participants. The main strategic aspects of the cluster organization of agricultural production are highlighted, in particular: increasing competitiveness: the formation of agricultural clusters allows increasing the competitiveness of the industry by combining resources, knowledge and innovations; optimization of production processes: the cluster organization contributes to the optimization of the supply chain, reducing costs and increasing the quality of products due to more effective coordination between participants; stimulation of innovation: clusters create a favorable environment for innovation through joint use of scientific research, development of new technologies and exchange of experience; development of human capital: agrarian clusters contribute to the development of personnel potential through training, training and exchange of knowledge between cluster participants; support for regional development: the formation of clusters contributes to the development of regional branches of the economy and the creation of new jobs in rural areas; increasing resilience to external influences: clusters can provide protection against external shocks, such as changes in market conditions or natural disasters, through joint problem-solving and resource provision. Keywords: strategic management, agricultural sector, cluster, clusterization, cluster organization, cluster structures, agricultural production, agricultural enterprises.

Intensity and Biodiversity: The ‘Green’ Potential of Agriculture and Rural Territories in Poland in the Context of Sustainable Development

In the paper we provide an analysis of the potential of agricultural holdings for biomass production, an assessment of the level of farm sustainability and a description of the farming conditions of agricultural holdings depending on the degree of natural valuation of a given area. The approach makes it possible to assess the level of sustainability of farms, also in the context of their potential and taking into account the quality of the production space and its importance for increasing biodiversity. We use public and unpublished data of Statistics Poland (2005, 2007, 2016) as well as data on farms keeping accounts for the Polish FADN in 2016–2018. The paper shows that although concentration processes are progressing, farm productivity is increasing, but this is linked to specialisation, leading to efficient management of labour and land resources. Nevertheless, the decreasing number of farms with proper winter vegetation cover and optimal balances was confirmed. The farming conditions of the farms should take into account the share and degree of natural value of the production space of the areas (municipalities) in which they are located. The study found that farms in municipalities with a high share of high natural value farmland (HNVf) areas, compared to the other municipalities, characterized by lower livestock density per ha UAA, which indicates their less intensive organisation of agricultural production. Moreover, in these municipalities, as their natural value increased, the share of forests and waters in the total area increased and the share of permanent grassland in the total area decreased slightly.

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR DIGITAL REMOTE MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

The purpose of this study is the development and implementation of a remote sensing system for the formation of primary accounting data based on the digitalization of the agricultural sector, automation of accounting processes, reducing the influence of the human factor, which allows for operational monitoring of the state of sown areas, planning agrotechnical measures, control of equipment working in the fields. There are on average 400-600 circuits per remote sensing operator. The proposed modern approach to the organization of agricultural production is aimed at reducing losses and costs, improving the quality and competitiveness of agricultural products and products from it in the national and international markets.

"НОВОЕ" БОГАТСТВО РУССКОЙ АРИСТОКРАТИИ В ПЕРИОД "ИНДУСТРИАЛИЗМА" (1890–1914 ГГ.): БАНКОВСКИЕ СЧЕТА, АКЦИИ И ДРУГИЕ ЦЕННЫЕ БУМАГИ В СОСТАВЕ КАПИТАЛОВ КРУПНЕЙШИХ ЗЕМЛЕВЛАДЕЛЬЦЕВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ

Based on the study of archival materials, the article considers an impact of the emerging system of «industrialism» on the economic well-being of the largest landowners of the Russian Empire in 1890–1914. As the analysis of the origin, composition and volume of the so-called «paper» funds in the capital means of some of the Russian aristocracy richest families shows, that period was a time of active conversion of some of their land holdings into the stocks, bonds and other securities of various state and commercial banks, as well as of joint-stock companies. That economic strategy, characteristic of most of the largest landowners, was explained by quite pragmatic reasons: favorable market conditions in the sphere of securities turnover, the availability of spare cash through the sale of part of land, significant revenues from the agricultural estates and mortgage lending. The conversion of part of the capital into the stocks and bonds provided the aristocracy with an opportunity to receive a more guaranteed income without serious risks associated with farming or industrial entrepreneurship. As a result, on the eve of 1914, various securities (the stocks and bonds of state and commercial banks, of industrial societies and railway companies) as part of the capital means of the largest landowners of the Russian Empire reached 20–30% of the total value of their fortune, as well as the dividends received from them as part of the total income. It seems that the strengthening of the economic position of the aristocracy by that time was explained not only by the progress in the organization of agricultural production in the estates, the growth of income from forestry and the urban real estate, but also by the emergence of the new form of wealth as bank accounts and interest-bearing securities