Organizational Problems Research Articles

Обеспечение безопасности пенитенциарной системы в условиях режима военного положения (организационно-правовой аспект)

The article is devoted to the legal and organizational problems of the functioning of the penitentiary system under martial law. The author notes that the complexity of the organization of activities under this legal regime is associated with insufficient legal regulation, which leads to a decrease in the quality of ensuring their safety. Hence, the author suggests measures to improve legislative regulation by making amendments to federal laws, as well as the creation of a special regulatory legal act that regulates the procedure for the actions of employees of penitentiary institutions.

“The stay here is, of course, not appropriate for an old person”: the perspective of healthcare providers on older patients in the emergency department

BackgroundIn aging societies, emergency departments (ED) face an increasing number of older, geriatric patients. Research shows that older emergency patients have a greater burden of comorbidities and a higher risk of adverse events. It has been questioned whether contemporary ED structures can meet the specific needs and characteristics of older patients. Little is known about how professional health care providers perceive and experience ED care for older patients. This study aimed to get insight into the perspective of healthcare providers working with older ED patients and to explore the challenges they experience in their daily work.MethodsThe study used a qualitative research design with a social-constructivist perspective and a Grounded Theory based methodology. Data were collected through qualitative interviews with N = 25 healthcare providers from different urban EDs in Berlin, Germany, and adjacent healthcare institutions. Following the Ground Theory approach, categories and central themes were identified, analyzed, and interpreted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the healthcare provider perspective.ResultsThe interviews revealed a significant and increasing relevance of geriatric ED patients for healthcare providers. However, there was no shared definition of ‘the geriatric patient’. Most interviewees found ED structures to be inadequate for older patients. They described specific challenges, such as information gathering and safety risks in the ED, as well as an increased use of resources (both time and personnel) when caring for older patients. In addition, specific problems in the collaboration with other professions and institutions were addressed, namely nursing homes, hospital wards, consultations, and the hospital social service.ConclusionHealthcare providers experience a structural mismatch between contemporary EDs and the specific needs of geriatric patients. They are aware of the vulnerabilities of geriatric patients and try to compensate for inherent structural shortcomings. Such structures and limited resources often cause practical, organizational, and ethical problems. There is a great need to develop, implement, and evaluate systematic approaches and care concepts that address the specifics of ED care for geriatric patients.

The Impact of Undignified Branding on Organizational Stability and Long-Term Success

Branding plays a crucial role in shaping an organization's image, fostering trust, and ensuring long-term growth. However, many organizations fail to adhere to dignified branding practices, leading to far-reaching consequences that extend beyond mere promotional failure. This paper explores how the inability to maintain dignified branding reflects deeper organizational problems, including lack of vision, instability, short-term focus, poor revenue models, ineffective team management, lack of expertise, and insufficient funds. Using case studies and theoretical insights, we examine the connection between poor branding practices and organizational failure. The paper aims to provide a framework for understanding the importance of strategic branding and offer recommendations for companies to avoid the pitfalls of undignified promotion. The research highlights that dignified branding is not only essential for consumer trust but also serves as a marker of organizational competence and long-term sustainability.

Paperless libraries: The trending way to go in the fifth industrial revolution

The idea that spurred the author’s interest in carrying out this study results from understanding a cashless society, where users of banking systems only move around with their ATM cards. With their ATM cards, they can access their money anywhere globally. This approach could resonate in libraries, where we now have a paperless society, having cost-benefit analysis in the era of the fifth Industrial Revolution (5IR). The 5IR has to do with humans interacting between technology or machines either to solve individual and organizational societal problems from a general or specific perspective. The interaction between humans and technology would assist in recognizing the synergistic in addressing the support for task accomplishment. The methodology applied is in two stages, first, a systematic literature review and second, interpretive content analysis of literature harvested from the database of Scopus. Findings revealed that technological advancements have enabled paperless libraries such that on-screen reading is increasingly prevalent, rapid development support through mobile computing, software, and internet/connections/Wi-Fi, multifarious electronic information retrieval among others. Furthermore, other findings were anchored on the relevance of paperless libraries in the 5IR, the functionality of paperless library systems, enhanced accessibility, and inclusivity, collaboration and connectivity, and environmental impact. Meanwhile, certain challenges and mitigation strategies were proffered. The study concludes that as we navigate this transformative era, the emergence of paperless libraries stands as a testament to the harmonious integration of technological prowess and human aspirations. Therefore, envision human-machine interactions be encouraged to bring about paperless libraries, considering the significance of AI and human-centric innovation.

Education about complementary and alternative medicine in cancer self-help groups by trained peers.

On average, about 50% of cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in addition to conventional cancer treatment. Since there is a high need for information, patients often search for information about CAM and share experiences with peers, especially in self-help groups. In this study, we tested and evaluated an educational concept developed for group leaders of cancer self-help groups on how to approach the topic of CAM in their peer groups. The educational concept has been developed and piloted with health care professionals and representatives from different self-help organizations in Germany. It aims to inform and discuss the possibilities and limitations of CAM in terms of scientific evidence, to reflect user behavior, and to provide a guide on how to find and evaluate reliable and evidence-based information sources. First, self-help group leaders took part in an on-site training where they were educated on various CAM topics with the goal of being able to conduct the educational concept in their respective self-help groups. Then, the educated group leaders performed this concept in their groups. The educational concept was evaluated by both the group leaders and participants with respect to acceptance, usefulness, and satisfaction using paper-pencil questionnaires. The study was conducted in Germany based on an observational study design with a six-month follow-up. For the analyses, descriptive and univariate statistics for dependent samples were used. A total of n = 50 interested group leaders conducted the educational program in their groups. The most common implementation barriers were organizational or structural problems, as well as the feeling of being overwhelmed with managing the program in their groups. A total of n = 423 participants were educated with this program by their respective group leaders. The majority felt satisfied with the educational program and improved their knowledge about CAM. At the six months follow-up (T2), significantly more participants had consulted their physicians to inform themselves about CAM and felt more confident in finding reliable information about CAM. In this observational study, we have managed to successfully implement an educational concept with respect to the topic of CAM in cancer self-help groups. Based on the results, the concept approach will be modified to include both a CAM- professional and group leader to train the self-help groups. In the future, the effects of the program should be tested by a randomized trial.

Fit-for-Purpose Water in the Baltic Sea Region

Climate change is visible everywhere, including in Baltic Sea Region (BSR). One of the symptoms is water scarcity, occurring relatively locally but persisting over longer and longer periods. The European and Global Drought Observatories (https://drought.emergency.copernicus.eu) present increasing BSR areas where soil moisture is alarmingly low. Water shortages cause technical and organizational problems in water utilities, agriculture, energy, industry, etc. Hence, competition for water between industry, agriculture, and municipal services has emerged. Sustainable water resource management requires solutions that rationalize and optimize the use of available resources with particular care for the environment. One of the methods of remedying local problems is closing local water and nutrient cycles by recovering water from urban wastewater and using rainwater

Risk Management of Supply Chain in Prefabricated Buildings: A Case Study of Leishenshan Hospital

Based on the research of other scholars, this article divides the prefabricated building supply chain into six stages: design and development, production procurement, warehousing and transportation, lifting construction, and facility recycling. Taking the well-known prefabricated building of Leishenshan Hospital as an example, this study analyzes the possible risks of these six stages in the prefabricated building supply chain, such as insufficient design capabilities, production efficiency, the low standardization level of molds, transportation policy constraints, insufficient protection of components during the warehousing and transportation stage, insufficient organizational capacity, inadequate supervision, and problems such as missing recycling processes. Due to the special nature of Leishenshan Hospital, which has received great attention, some risks that have been avoided due to special reasons have been proposed, and the power of management personnel has been strengthened for these risks, digitization and standardization of molds, and strengthen on-site management level. From this study, construction, component production, and design enterprises can learn from measures such as increasing awareness of component recycling.

Legal and organizational problems of development and production of innovative medicines in Russia

The article outlines the range of problems facing the Russian pharmaceutical industry as a segment of the real sector of the economy that ensures the health of the population. The necessity of an integrated approach to the formation of a model for the organization of scientific research, innovation and production activities in the designated area is substantiated; an organizational model is proposed that ensures the development and production of innovative medicines; individual legal measures aimed at increasing the effectiveness of state support for the development and production of innovative medicines (normative consolidation of the concept of an innovative drug and a scientific and technological consortium, the inclusion of scientific and educational organizations of higher education among the subjects of industrial clusters). The results of the research can be used in law-making activities and public administration practice.

Medical Responsibility in the Colombian Context: A Review of Negligence from the Legal Framework and Ethical Perspective

This article explores medical responsibility and negligence from an ethical and legal perspective within the Colombian context. It highlights causes of negligence such as deficiencies in professional training and organizational problems. The article emphasizes "objective imputation as key to determining the criminal responsibility of the physician" (Alvarado D. 2019). The objectives include analyzing the current legal framework in Colombia and assessing the link between medical ethics and legal responsibility. The methodology builds upon a thorough examination of specialized literature, including peer-reviewed scientific articles in medicine and law, as well as legal documents and ethical regulations. A targeted search was conducted across various bibliographic databases including Google Scholar, Redalyc, Scielo, Dialnet, Biomed Central, Miguel De Cervantes Virtual Library, and BVS virtual health library.

Communication aspects of the development management in digital healthcare

The development of digital technologies in the Russian healthcare system implies communication processes, e.g. interaction of management structures and performers, doctor-patient communications, standards of medical care, and many others. This requires solving a number of managerial, organizational, and ethical problems. The Russian government has defined the main goals of healthcare digitalization: providing the population with medical services at a qualitatively different modern level, satisfying the modern demands of society, allowing the use of modern achievements of world and domestic medicine in the widest possible range. The authors consider the problems of digitalization of medicine, the solution of which is proposed through the optimization of communications of the professional community. The proposals have been developed based on the generalization of the results of sociological surveys of patients of Moscow dental clinics “Use of electronic medical records” (March 2022) conducted by the authors, a survey of residents of Tomsk (N = 107) and Moscow (N = 157) waiting for an appointment at city clinics (March 2022), as well as a substantive analysis of the websites of professional online communities “Analysis of the content of discussions in online communities of medical workers” (August 2018 – February 2019). A secondary analysis of data is based on the sociological studies by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM). Based on the results of the study, it was established that a number of problems are associated with the legal uncertainty of procedures and methods for applying digital technologies, the issue of developing communicative competencies in the professional environment remains relevant, the need for an exchange of experience in the implementation of digital technologies in the practice of doctors and administrators, professional development of personnel, and the involvement of the most active employees in the processes of designing and implementing digital technologies.

Employee Salary Prediction in HRMS Using Regression Models

The study uses regression models to examine AI model engagement in employee salary prediction. Salary prediction is significantly critical for both employees and employers. Employees try to get maximum benefit for the services they provide, and employers emphasize achieving organizational goals through optimized employee salaries. Inconsistency in employee salaries may cause organizations financial losses and organizational objectivity failure. Historically, salary was determined by historical data, market surveys, and personal judgment, which often resulted in inconsistencies and biases. With the availability of large datasets from Human Resource Management Systems and advanced machine learning algorithms, there is an opportunity to enhance the fairness of Salary Prediction. To overcome this problem in organizations, we have proposed a regression model for salary prediction with a promising accuracy rate of 99% with regression models. The methodology includes data processing steps including EDA, data standardization, feature correlation, and feature engineering to enhance the accuracy of the models. This study used Random Forest Regressor, Gradient Boosting Regressor, and Light Gradient Boosting Machine Regressor models for employee salary prediction. This research paper provides a valuable understanding of HR analytics for HR professionals and organizations for salary prediction of employees in an organization. Also, this research investigates the use of Machine learning algorithms to predict employee salaries while comparing employee performance and eliminating biases. The aim is to develop robust, data-enriched frameworks in HRMS for organizations for accurate and transparent salary prediction.

Organizational and economic factors of assessing the management of accessibility and quality of medical care in the Republic of Tatarstan

BACKGROUND: Today, when assessing the availability and quality of medical care, objective criteria and indicators prevail, and the factor of patient feedback as end consumers is practically not taken into account, which does not allow us to form a comprehensive view and get closer to solving this problem. AIM: To identify the factors that have the greatest impact on patients' assessment of the availability and quality of medical care, to study the influence degree of organizational and economic problems of medical organizations on this assessment and to develop quantitative indicators for managing this indicator. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted using a questionnaire from October to December 2023 based on medical organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan. Two types of questionnaires were compiled. The first questionnaire was for consumers of medical care, covering 2,419 patients of hospitals and clinics from all cities and districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. The second questionnaire was for medical personnel. A total of 20,330 medical workers took part in the survey: 5,206 doctors, 10,841 nurses, 4,283 junior medical personnel from all types of medical organizations, including central republican hospitals, city and district hospitals and clinics of Tatarstan. The results of the questionnaires were processed by means of correlation and regression analysis using the least squares method. RESULTS: It was revealed that for patients of medical organizations the most significant factors in assessing the quality of medical care were: (1) queues and constant waiting (50.5% of respondents); (2) inability to see a specialist (48.9%); (3) unavailability of diagnostic procedures (biochemical blood test, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound; 40.7%); (4) inattention, indifference of medical workers (27.5%). Factors in the work of medical institutions and personnel that had the greatest impact on patients' assessments of the indicator of availability and quality of medical care were identified: stress at work, overload and high work pressure, dissatisfaction with salary. The regression coefficients of the identified factors allow them to be used as indicators of management decisions aimed at increasing the importance of availability and quality of medical care. CONCLUSION: Patient assessments obtained by medical organizations as a result of feedback allow not only to bring the level of availability and quality of medical care as close as possible to the expectations and needs of patients, but also to identify areas of management influence to improve it.

Impact of Remuneration and Motivation on Employee Performance Amidst The COVID-19 Pandemic

Globalization and other environmental issues are causing problems for organizations. Improving employee performance is the responsibility of any organization, as it is crucial for the attainment of optimal objectives. An employee’s reputation is improved by performing well on the job, which helps them advance in their professions. Without effective remuneration and motivation, it can affect employee performance in the organization. Other than that, the past researchers regarding this study also discussed. The relationship between independent variables and dependent variables was assessed using descriptive analysis, normality analysis, reliability analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis in this study. The population and sample of employees in the selected organization in Perak. The total population of 250 respondents in the company, and the sampling size was 148 respondents based on the Krejcie & Morgan table. Data collection in this study was conducted through questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 20. The findings indicated that employee performance is significantly and positively influenced by remuneration and work motivation, with motivation being the most significant factor in the performance of education employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prospective Registration of Trials: Where we are, why, and how we could get better.

Transparent trial conduct requires prospective registration of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) before the enrolment of the first participant. We aimed to (1) Estimate the proportion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that are prospectively registered and analyze the time trends and factors linked to registration timing; (2) Assess the reasons for non-adherence to prospective registration and explore ways to improve compliance. We studied trials published in rheumatology as a case study. We searched for RCTs in rheumatology published between 2009 and 2022. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with prospective trial registration. We sent a survey to investigators of trials not prospectively registered, asking about reasons for non-adherence and potential solutions. We identified 1093 RCTs; 453 (41.4%) were not prospectively registered. Of these, 130 (11.9%) were not registered, and 323 (29.5%) were retrospectively registered. Prospective registration increased by 3% annually (p<0.001), with 13.3% (2/15) trials registered in 2009 to 73.2% (112/153) in 2022. In journals supporting ICMJE recommendations, 16% of trials published in 2022 were not prospectively registered. Prospective registration was associated with a larger sample size, multinational recruitment, and publication in higher impact journals. Investigators reported lack of knowledge or organizational problems as key reasons for retrospective registration. They suggested linking ethical approval to trial registration to ensure prospective registration. Despite significant improvement, adherence to prospective registration remains unsatisfactory in rheumatology. Targeted strategies for journal editors, healthcare professionals, and researchers may help improve trial registration.

Unveiling Srebrenica: a Dual Perspective on the 1995 Genocide UN and VRS Documents

In July 1995, the Army of the Serb Republic (VRS) and paramilitary forces carried out a genocide in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina that claimed the lives of over 8,000 Muslims. Understanding this tragic period necessitates an examination of documents from the United Nations (UN) and the VRS. According to UN documents, it was ill-equipped and underprepared to deal with the situation. Daily reports suggest insufficient resources, restricted movement, and dependence on rumors owing to limited access to information, limiting their capacity to deliver meaningful aid. VRS records illustrate the organized character of the genocide through explicit talks and coded language used to hide operations. However, critical personal histories and contextual information on the VRS members are missing, leaving unresolved questions regarding motivations. Documents from both the UN and VRS provide distinct viewpoints. UN records highlight the problems of an underprepared organization, while VRS testimony sheds light on the organized nature of the genocide. Through an analysis of daily UN reports and select testimony from VRS members at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), this paper argues that the shortcomings of international intervention and the deliberate, organized actions of the VRS were crucial factors in enabling the genocide at Srebrenica, shedding light on both the failures of the global community and the calculated strategies employed by those responsible.

Practices of Grassroots Civic Activity in the Yaroslavl Region: Problems and Results of Implementation

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing importance and complexity of horizontal public relations in socio-political processes, an increase in the number of practices of grassroots civic activity at the regional and local levels, including the use of new information and communication technologies. The purpose of the article is to identify the causes of initiation, the specifics of the organization and practical implementation of grassroots civic activity, as well as the specifics of the interaction of its key actors in modern socio-political conditions in the Yaroslavl region. Materials and Methods. The empirical basis of the study is 21 practices of grassroots civic engagement in the Yaroslavl region, the analysis of which was carried out by the case-study method with elements of comparative analysis. The case-study method made it possible to study these practices of grassroots civic engagement in their complexity and integrity, and also identified their key characteristics and factors influencing them. Results. A comparison of the main practices of grassroots civic engagement that have taken place in the Yaroslavl region in recent years has been made. The main mechanisms and subjects of grassroots civic engagement, processes of interaction between actors are identified. The role of information and communication technologies in the organization of grassroots civic engagement was determined. The problems of grassroots civic engagement organization and interaction of its key actors were also outlined. Discussion and Сonclusion. The study revealed the key characteristics of grassroots civic activity: significant actors, theirs goals, motives, resources and methods of action, features of media coverage and the use of information and communication technologies. The results of the study will be useful for improving the efficiency of the work of local authorities with various formal and informal organizations and associations of citizens. They will help to build work with these groups, taking into account the identified features in the implementation of practices of grassroots civil initiatives in the Yaroslavl region.

Телемедицина сегодня: тенденции использования телемедицинских консультаций на опыте регионов.

The purpose of this work is to show, using regional experience, the differences in the application and factors affecting the efficiency of using telemedicine technologies in public medicine – both inhibiting and motivating. Using the example of 10 regions using centralized subsystems of telemedicine consultations, the authors analyzed the current level and features of using telemedicine in providing medical care. The article demonstrates the need to create a methodology for using telemedicine for specific nosologies, the importance of a new approach to monitoring the efficiency of using telemedicine. GC "HOST", together with other developers of telemedicine solutions, are ready to join working groups to draw up guidelines and develop quality indicators. The organizational and technical problems voiced in this article must be addressed – and this is the task of the regional health authority. The information presented in the article will be useful to those involved in the processes of integrating telemedicine technologies into the processes of providing medical care, and are ready to share their experience.

Experiences of autistic people in supported employment in France: a participatory research project

Purpose The employment rate of autistic people is low, and they are often employed in low-paying jobs or in jobs involving tasks that fall short of their skills and competence. To address this situation, the individual placement and support method (IPS) offers promising perspectives for personalized and long-term support measures. This evidence-based method has produced positive results in several countries. IPS has been used in France only since 2016. This paper aims to examine the experience of autistic people in France who have benefitted from supported employment measures. Design/methodology/approach Nineteen autistic adults in France took part in semistructured interviews. Interview questions focused on work and measures to support employment. The authors analysed the interviews using reflexive thematic analysis, within the paradigm of critical realism. The authors adopted a participatory approach; the project was led by an autistic researcher and autistic individuals were included at all stages. Findings This study identified six primary themes and three subthemes across the data: (1) The uphill battle to obtain adjustments in the workplace; (2) insufficient knowledge of autism; (2.1) explaining again and again: the educative burden; (3) the challenge of making oneself heard; (3.1) when the entourage steps in; (4) support measures as material assistance and reassurance; (4.1) between benevolence and condescension; (5) organizational factors that affect the quality of support; and (6) personal and professional life are closely intertwined. Originality/value This research provides a better understanding of how autistic people experience supported employment in France and highlights ways to improve it. Job coaches play a crucial role in offering practical help and reassurance, and their efforts to nurture an active personal life are perceived positively. However, supported employment also carries the risk of limiting autistic individuals' capacity for action and causing several difficulties if job coaches are not well-informed about autism, do not reflect on their own attitudes, do not assist in obtaining necessary accommodations and if there are organizational problems leading to a lack of resources.

Mapping data-driven management in accounting: the premise and promise of the debate and how to move beyond

Purpose This paper aims to point to the shift in the temporal orientation, going from reporting on the past to creating insights about the future, which might be suggestive of perennial managerial attempts to push the boundaries of bounded rationality. Design/methodology/approach In this essay, the authors want to critically engage with the concept of “data-driven management” in the context of digitalization. To do so, they sketch the edges of current discourses around the emerging idea of data-driven management and its relationship with the inner workings of organizations from an accounting perspective. They question the often-times supposed objectivity and increased rationality of the concept and instead introduce the idea of becoming “data-curious” (before being data-driven). Findings The authors observe that this push also seems to be accompanied by trends of individualized decision-making and prevailing hopes of technology to solve organizational problems. They therefore suggest that it is valuable for current debates to take a moment to give attention, in practice and in research, to the role of temporality, benefits of collective decision-making and changes in professions (of accountants). Originality/value The aim of this paper is to spark curiosity and engagement with the phenomenon of data-driven management by outlining a novel set of potential future pathways of research and point towards methods that might help studying the questions arising for a data-curious approach.

Is Technology Uniquely Placed to Solve Our Problems? An Examination Into Technosolutionism, What It Entails and What It Predicts

Technology plays an important role in business and society. This has resulted in the belief that technology is in a unique position to solve organizational and societal problems. However, technology is not regarded as equally impactful by all. To explore these differences, we designed a technosolutionism scale to measure the extent to which individuals deem technological solutions to be better-suited to address organizational and societal problems. In Studies 1a and 1b, exploratory and confirmatory analyses indicated two reliable factors: (1) near-term and (2) long-term focused technosolutionism. Study 2 confirmed the scale’s convergent and discriminant validity. Next, we tested the predictive validity of the technosolutionism scale. We argue that a propensity to consider intelligent technologies as being able to provide solutions should also predict preferences in areas where technological solutions are being considered in response to organizational issues. Studies 3 and 4 demonstrate that the technosolutionism scale relates to preferences for a robot over a human in job replacement decisions and preferences for artificial intelligence managers over human managers in managerial decision-making tasks, respectively. This is an important finding as current research indicates that people are generally against being replaced or being managed by intelligent technologies, whereas our findings indicate that this preference flips when it comes to those with a higher propensity for technosolutionism. Our technosolutionism scale can be used to gauge the extent to which individuals believe that technology is uniquely placed to solve problems, such that they opt for intelligent technological solutions over and above other (human) solutions.