Organizational Demands Research Articles

Kerangka Kerja Inovasi Digital untuk Organisasi Skala Kecil: Integrasi Teori dan Praktik

This research proposes a framework designed to support digital innovation in small-scale organizations often constrained by limited resources and knowledge. This framework is built based on theoretical knowledge, which comes from literature reviews, and practical knowledge, which comes from focus group discussions involving several experts. The framework includes nine key processes: Leadership Commitment and Support; Culture of Innovation and Risk Tolerance; Cross-Functional Collaboration and Diversity; Agile and Flexible Process; Integration and Utilization of Digital Technology; Knowledge Sharing and Continuous Learning; Allocation of Resources for Innovation; External Engagement and Open Innovation; Performance Evaluation and Feedback. These processes were developed to be interrelated and form a comprehensive approach to fostering an innovative environment. In addition, this framework also integrates the ADKAR, a change management model, to facilitate the practical application of this framework in organizations. The existence of limited resources and knowledge in small-scale organizations demands particular strategies in adopting the framework, including more strategic resource allocation, intensive training for skill development, and collaboration with external institutions to support technology and innovation needs.

Like stepping into a spaceship

The Swedish teacher education has undergone numerous reforms and is currently heavily influenced by neo-liberal governance, which shapes the internal work for different kinds of teacher educators. The study focuses on how a group of adjunct lecturers within a regional university college, experienced their initial period in the profession of teacher education programs in Sweden. The study departs from Seeman’s theoretical framework. The findings indicate that adjuncts lecturers do not feel that their knowledge is being appreciated or valued within the organization. The adjuncts lecturers are driven by a desire to contribute relevant professional knowledge, teach, and serve as good role models for teacher students. From this, conflict arises—mainly due to a governance system which heavily emphasizes standards, documentation, and high academic expectations. In conclusion, the study reveals how the organization's demands may differ from what adjunct lecturers anticipate, potentially leading to various forms of work conditions and alienation.

Does B2B salespeople’s love of money attitude mediate the relationships between a growth mindset, a fixed mindset, grit, and job performance?

Purpose To most people, money is a motivator, which is robustly true for salespeople. A high love of money attitude predicts university students’ poor academic performance in a business course and cheating in laboratory experiments and multiple panel studies, but money (income) itself does not predict dishonesty. Extrinsic reward undermines intrinsic motivation. Very little research has incorporated the grit construct in the sales literature and explored the relationship between grit and the love of money. Further, a growth mindset and a fixed mindset may also impact salespeople’s job performance. This study aims to explore a brand-new theoretical structural equation model (SEM) and investigate the relationships between individual characteristics (growth and fixed mindsets and grit orientation) and job performance directly and indirectly through a mediator – salespeople’s love of money attitude. Design/methodology/approach This study uses Qualtrics and collects data from 330 business-to-business (B2B) salespeople across several industries in the USA. This study uses a formative SEM model to test this study’s hypotheses. Findings First, there are significant correlations among grit, a growth mindset and a fixed mindset, revealing no construct duplication or redundancy. Second, both a growth mindset and grit indirectly enhance job performance through the love of money attitude – a mediator, offering a brand-new discovery. Third, counter-intuitively, a growth mindset and grit do not directly improve job performance. Fourth, grit is significantly and negatively related to the love of money attitude, adding a new twist to this study’s theoretical model. Fifth, a fixed mindset undermines job performance directly but is unrelated to the love of money. Overall, B2B salespeople’s love of money attitude (employee demand) undermines sales personnel’s self-reported job performance (organization demand) in the organization and employee’s supply and demand exchange relationship. Originality/value The findings reveal that a growth mindset, a fixed mindset and grit contribute differently to sales personnel’s love of money attitude and job performance in this study’s theoretical model. The love of money serves as a mediator. A commonly accepted belief is that money is a motivator. Money (income) itself and the love of money attitude are two separate constructs. This study’s novel discoveries provide the essential missing monetary-aspirations-to-job-performance link in the literature – ardent monetary aspiration undermines self-reported job performance. This study offers inspiration to help decision-makers make happy, healthy and wealthy decisions and improve performance.

"I feel like a fish out of water": interpreting the occupational stress and well-being experiences of professional classical musicians.

Professional classical musicians operate within a highly demanding environment, which includes organizational, social, and emotional demands. When not effectively coped with, these demands may cause stress and negatively impact well-being. This qualitative study explored the perceived stress and well-being experiences of professional classical musicians through a transactional theory of stress. The study employed a double hermeneutic interpretation of the lived experiences of the perceived demands faced, stress appraisals made, resources used, and the influence on well-being. Six professional classical musicians were purposefully selected for participation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and participants reflected on two events: one they perceived as a positive experience and one that was negative. Transcripts were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and Group Experiential Themes emerged. Three Group Experiential Themes were identified: (a) Performance Demands; (b) Organizational Demands; and, (c) Relationship Demands. Participants predominantly appraised demands as a threat. A small number of demands were appraised as a challenge or benefit, and the fewest demands were appraised as causing harm or loss. Participants' appraisals were informed by underlying properties of stress appraisal such as self and other comparison, and preparation. Participants often relied on personal resources as opposed to available workplace resources. They perceived well-being to relate to stress appraisals with participants experiencing acute and long-term outcomes. This study offers insight into the lived experience of the occupational stress process within professional classical musicians. The findings demonstrate that organizational interventions targeted at continuing professional development and social support are appropriate to help musicians cope more effectively with demands.

Commercial Airline Pilots’ Stress Across the Travel Cycle: Multi-Level Stressors, Spillover Effects, and the Role of Resources

Commercial airline pilots (CAPs) are a key employee group within the travel industry who are exposed to multi-level institutional and organizational demands that impact their lived experience of stress potentially leading to accidents and incidents. This study explores CAPs’ lived experience of stress and draws on conservation of resources theory and context and travel stage frameworks to investigate unique stressors that CAPs face at different travel stages. Utilizing qualitative data from interviews with 28 CAPs combined with archival data, we surface a range of multi-level factors that impact their lived experience of stress at each travel stage. To cope with stressors, and in the absence of valuable contextual resources, CAPs utilized multiple personal resources. We additionally found evidence of significant spillover across the travel stages. Findings highlight the need to improve contextual resources available to pilots, strengthen their personal resources, and customize support to the requirements of the travel stage.

Investigating the moderating role of altruistic beliefs on negative emotional appeals in digital charity advertising: A study on guilt, shame, and donation intention among Indonesian donors

The rising demand for charitable organizations is fueled by increasing numbers of people in need, growing inequalities, and crises such as wars, natural disasters, and inflation. Charities face the challenge of securing sufficient funding, worsened by increased competition and a decline in public donation behavior. Developing new marketing strategies is crucial, particularly leveraging social media in the digital age. While previous research underscores the persuasive power of emotional advertising, gaps remain in understanding which emotions most effectively drive donation intentions. This thesis explores the impact of emotional advertising appeals in digital charity marketing campaigns on donation intention, investigating whether positive or negative appeals are more influential. Additionally, it examines gender differences in altruism and how altruistic values moderate the effects of negative emotional appeals on guilt and shame. An experimental research design was used, with a between-subject design involving three groups exposed to positive, negative, or neutral advertising stimuli. The sample consisted of 200 respondents over 18 years old, representative of the Indonesian population. Participants were randomly assigned to groups and answered questions on donation intentions, altruistic values, emotional reactions, and demographics. Statistical analysis revealed that positive and negative advertising appeals elicit different emotions. Surprisingly, no significant difference was found between positive and negative appeals on donation intention, suggesting emotional orientation does not influence donation intentions. The study also found stronger altruistic beliefs in women and that altruistic values amplify guilt and shame in response to negative emotional appeals.

Improving Employee Performance Based on Competency and Work Environment for Employees in Subdistricts throughout Jember Regency

The importance of human resources is in line with the increasing demands of organizations. More intensive and optimal performance is needed to increase work results and organizational profits. This research was motivated by the non-achievement of employee performance targets in sub-districts in Jember Regency. The research carried out was aimed at analyzing and finding out whether the competencies possessed by employees and also the work environment in which employees work can have a positive impact on employee performance in sub-districts in Jember Regency. The total sample for this research was 157 using a sampling technique using a census technique or the entire population was used as a sample. Descriptive statistical analysis to find out about respondents. Validity tests and reliability tests are also carried out so that the questionnaire used is valid and reliable. There is a need for hypothesis testing to answer the hypotheses that have been developed. The results of data analysis show that the competencies possessed by employees can improve performance. The work environment provided by the Subdistrict Office in Jember Regency turns out to be very comfortable and has been proven to improve employee performance.

Employee readiness for change: examining the combined effects of individual and organizational demands in public school reform

PurposeThe paper aims to clarify how work-specific characteristics at both the individual and organizational level influence professional civil servants’ readiness for change during the implementation of reforms in public administration. We examine the influence of work characteristics at the individual and organizational levels, such as reform-related strains, organizational climate, and organizational professionalism, on the employees’ response to change. In addition, we also consider the interaction between these specific work characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThis article employs a quantitative multi-level analysis to examine the influence of individual and collective predictors of employees' readiness for change. For our analysis, we used data from the evaluation of a school reform in Switzerland aimed at aligning teachers' working conditions with those of other administrative employees. The survey conducted for the evaluation includes responses from 2,162 teachers.FindingsOur study expands the understanding in public management research of work characteristics that either promote or reduce employees’ readiness for change in the public sector. Our findings suggest that the organizational level, in our case the school level, influences the individual’s response to change. Furthermore, the role of organizational professionalism in terms of a reform-related transformation of the identities, structures, and practices of the actors concerned is highlighted as a potential stressor and catalyst that reinforces the negative correlation between reform-related stress and willingness to change.Practical implicationsThis paper offers insights into how public managers can effectively overcome challenges in the implementation process of public school reforms. This also includes the awareness among change agents that positively associated changes at the organizational level may have negative consequences at the individual level, due to the fact that they affect professional understanding, for example, which may cause the affected actors to respond with resistance.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the small number of multi-level research studies on the responses to change in public administration and answers the call for research to investigate the hurdles that may arise when implementing change. Further, the paper contributes to the literature on the impact of new public management (NPM) on the identity of professional civil servants.

Relationship between the relative timing of prosection and dissection experiences and laboratory examination performance in a gross anatomy course.

Reduced hours of instruction are reported within the gross anatomy education literature. Anatomy instruction continues to be challenged with motivating and inspiring learners to value the contribution of gross anatomy knowledge to their career development alongside increased organizational demands for efficiency and effectiveness. To address these demands, this retrospective study sought to understand how the relative timing and amount of gross anatomy instruction were related to examination performance. Undergraduate and graduate students between 2018 and 2022 were assigned to three cohorts determined by enrollment in prosection-based anatomy only (n = 334), concurrent enrollment in prosection- and dissection-based anatomy in the same semester (n = 67), or consecutive enrollment in the courses one year apart (n = 43). Concurrent students had higher prosection-based anatomy examination scores than prosection-only and consecutive students. Consecutively, enrolled students outperformed concurrently enrolled students on the first two dissection examinations but showed no performance differences on the third and fourth dissection examinations. While the results on the timing and presentation of anatomical instruction were inconclusive, the results do support increased instructional time using both prosection and dissection modalities concurrently to improve performance on identification-based gross anatomy examinations.

Responsibility‐Oriented Perspective of Responsible Leadership: Development of a Measurement Instrument

Responsible leadership, a construct at the intersection of corporate social responsibility (CSR), ethics, and leadership, is considered to meet the conflicting demands of modern organizations by striking a balance between internal and external responsibilities. To further explore antecedents and outcomes of responsible leadership, scholars and practitioners need an instrument that can gauge the influence of responsible leadership on organizational members. The present study is a combination of four studies and is aimed at developing a measurement instrument using the sequential mixed method equal status approach. The study aims to explore responsibility‐oriented dimensions and their subdimensions that are perceived to be comparatively more relevant to responsible leadership by organizational members, while simultaneously, being supported by existing literature. An initial qualitative study, comprising 25 in‐depth interviews, revealed six responsibility‐oriented dimensions that could reliably measure the construct. Three quantitative studies, entailing collection and analysis of data for each (N = 608, 745, 800), were conducted to refine and validate the instrument. The study used the opinions of followers (organizational members) to determine the influence of responsible leadership in an organization. Based on the validity and reliability statistics of the three studies, the instrument is considered reliable for measurement of the influence of responsible leadership at individual, group, and organizational levels.

Optimisation of an On-grid Hybrid Energy System: A Case Study of the Main Campus of the University of Abuja, Nigeria

The challenge of meeting the energy demands of institutions and organisations in an economically viable and environmentally friendly manner is becoming more and more complex especially in developing countries like Nigeria. This work presents a resilient hybrid renewable energy system to supply the electric power requirement of the main campus of the University of Abuja, Nigeria, estimated as 900 kW at a consumption rate of 6300 kWh/day. HOMER software was used as the modelling tool for simulations, optimizations, and sensitivity analyses carried out to explore the feasibility of utilizing Abuja’s (MSW) in hybrid with the mini hydro power potential of River Wuye and solar PV resources to meet the load demand of the campus. The hybrid plant has the following component specifications:hydro resourcenominal flow rate is 14.5 m3/s; maximum head is 10 m and potential capacity is 885 kW;MSW plant specifications were determined to be 500 kW capacity, waste treatment of 2.3 ton/day; lower calorific value for MSW of 15.84 MJ/kg with the solar PV component having a capacity of 500 kW. Total installation cost for the hybrid plant for the 2 MW hybrid plant was determined to be ₦5.44 billion (US$7.225 million) with annual energy generation calculated to be 799,000 kWh/yr. The net present cost for the simulated system was found to be ₦ 9.37 billion ($12,486,120) with the corresponding LCOE being ₦55.2/kWh ($0.0736/kWh). The carbon emission was estimated to be 7.33 g per day which approximates to a net zero emission, demonstrating the environmental friendliness of renewable energy sources utilised. Sensitivity analysis performed on the system using project life span, inflation rate, solar irradiance, MSW’s lower heating value (LHV), capacity shortage and the annual average volumetric flow rate of River Wuye showed that the net present cost increased with increasing plant life while the levelized cost of energy reduces with increasing life from ₦55.02/kWh for plant life of 25 years to ₦43.73/kWh for 30 years.

Confused about Rehabilitation? Multi-Faceted Approaches for Brain Injured Patients in a Confusional State

Post-injury confusional state is a common phenomenon following acquired brain injury. A multi-faceted approach for decreasing confusion is recommended, but there is a paucity of research related to non-pharmacological management. The main objective was to present a conceptual model of multi-faceted approaches for confusion, and secondly to investigate the rehabilitation outcome following these approaches. The setting is a specialized ward for rehabilitation of patients with severe cognitive difficulties following acquired brain injury. The conceptual model encompasses neurobehavioral strategies, pharmacological treatment, engagement in meaningful occupations, next of kin involvement, organizational demands, the physical environment, along with differential diagnostics. Patient cases are provided to illustrate the impact of each approach. A total of 141 of 281 patients were in a confusional state at admission. At discharge, 62% had emerged from the confusional state. Patients in a confusional state due to traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage had clinically important differences of >22 points in the functional independence measure from admission to discharge, following rehabilitation efforts based on the conceptual model. No clinically important difference was seen in patients with non-SAH stroke and patients with other types of brain injuries. The proposed conceptual model should be further evaluated in complex intervention studies.

The impact of Industry 4.0 on occupational health and safety: A systematic literature review

Introduction: Industry 4.0 has brought new paradigms to businesses based on high levels of automation and interconnectivity and the use of technologies. This new context has an impact on the work environment and workers. Nevertheless, these impacts are still inconclusive and controversial, requiring new investigative perspectives. This study aimed to investigate the requirements sought, the risk factors identified, and the adverse effects on workers caused by the characteristics of I4.0. Method: The methodology was based on a systematic literature review utilizing the PRISMA protocol, and 30 articles were found eligible. A descriptive and bibliometric analysis of these studies was performed. Results: The results identified the main topics that emerged and have implications for workers' Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and divided them into categories. The requirements are related mainly to cognitive, organizational, and technological demands. The most significant risk factors generated were associated with the psychosocial ones, but organizational, technological, and occupational factors were also identified. The adverse effects cited were categorized as psychic, cognitive, physical, and organizational; stress was the most cited effect. An explanatory theoretical model of interaction was proposed to represent the pathway of causal relations between the requirements and risk factors for the effects caused by I4.0. Conclusions and practical applications: This review has found just how complex the relationships between the principles of Industry 4.0 are (e.g., requirements, risk factors, and effects) and the human factors. It also suggests a pathway for how these relationships occur, bridging the gap left by the limited studies focused on connecting these topics. These results can help organizational managers understand the impacts of I4.0 on workers' safety and health.

Demand

Abstract This article traces how social reformers, state actors, physicians, feminists, and people who sell sex have described the demand for prostitution, a term that has provided ideological support for policy approaches both supporting and opposing commercial sex over the last two centuries. In Europe, the United States, and more globally, critics have employed demand in an ostensibly neutral sense to suggest that sex functions like a commodity. For some it is the inevitable result of an inherent male sexual drive, while for others it is the mutable product of social, economic, and cultural forces. The article shows how the market abstraction of “supply and demand” obscures the complex web of causal factors that shape the sex industry in particular contexts. It begins with late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century debates on the regulation of prostitution, along with calls for its abolition, and then turns to transnational discussions of prostitution demand in multistate organizations like the League of Nations and the United Nations. The article closes with an analysis of postwar feminists debates on the purported links between demand and violence against women, and the recent ascendance of the “End Demand” model, which criminalizes the sex buyer.

Nurse-to-patient ratios and staffing issues: a qualitative investigation of nurses' perceived work environments in Quebec's integrated healthcare centers

Nurse-to-patient ratios (N/P) are designed to ensure acceptable levels of patient load as well as enough nurses to properly care for patients. Representatives of the nursing profession and unions have been urging government to implement regulation to ensure the respect of mini-mum established N/P ratios at all times in Quebec healthcare organizations. This paper aims to examine N/P ratios, in the context of demands of many organizations for a law enforcing mandatory staffing ratios in Quebec healthcare organizations. A qualitative exploration was conducted using 42 semi-directive interviews with unionized nurses throughout the province of Quebec. A thematic analysis was carried out using NVivo. Using the Nursing job de-mands-resource model, which gives importance to the broader organizational climate, we assessed nurses' perceptions of their working environment. Four main themes emerged: 1) intensifying workload, 2) inadequate skill mix, 3) cost-effective management, 4) adverse outcomes. Our findings suggest that reducing the number of patients per nurse will not neces-sarily result in better working conditions if other lean strategies are adopted to compensate for the higher staffing costs, nor will it make the work environment fundamentally more attractive. While higher staffing levels are needed, seriously caution should be paid to the ways in which ratios are implemented. Alternative models of healthcare institutions, such as Magnet hospitals or other models, should be examined.

Leadership Skills in the Al-Driven Enterprise: Identifying New Competencies for Success and Humanities Conference

Leadership in AI-driven organizations demands a multifaceted skill set to navigate the complexities of rapidly evolving technology, diverse teams, and ethical considerations. A fundamental quality for leaders in these organizations is technical acumen. A foundational understanding of AI technologies, machine learning, and data science enables leaders to make informed decisions, effectively communicate with technical teams, and envision the strategic integration of AI within the organization.This study employs a quantitative research approach through a cross-sectional survey design to capture the perspectives of 100 employees, leaders, and HR representatives on leadership skills in AI-driven companies This study investigates diverse perspectives on leadership in technology-driven industries, examining opinions on traditional and contemporary leadership attributes. Findings highlight tensions between adaptability and resistance to change, varied views on the integration of technical knowledge, and diverse opinions on communication and emotional intelligence in leadership roles. The study underscores the need for adaptable leadership models that balance technical proficiency with traditional skills in response to the evolving nature of leadership in technology-driven environments.

Fit-for-purpose-The bottom-up redesign of the nursing home system: The Australian Aged Care System.

Nursing homes struggle to meet the needs of their residents as they become older and frailer, live with more complex co-morbidity, and are impacted by memory impairment and dementia. Moreover, the nursing home system is overwhelmed with significantly constraining organisational and regulatory demands that stand in the way of achieving resident-focused outcomes. These issues are compounded by the perceptions of poor working environments, poor remuneration, and poor satisfaction amongst staff. The system is beyond the state of 'reform' and requires a fundamental redesign based on first organisational systems understandings: a clearly defined purpose and goal, shared values, and system-wide agreed "simple (or operating) rules". A 'fit-for-purpose' future requires a complex adaptive nursing home system characterised by seamless 'bottom-up and top-down' information flows to ensure that the necessary 'work that needs to be done' is done, and a governance structure that focuses on quality improvement and holds the system accountable for the quality of care that is provided.

Research on Factors Influencing Teachers' Willingness for Knowledge Sharing

Teachers, as the cornerstone of the educational system, engage in knowledge-sharing behavior by willingly sharing their accumulated professional knowledge, experience, and educational resources with other educators. This form of knowledge sharing holds significant importance in promoting teachers' professional development. The willingness of teachers to engage in knowledge sharing directly impacts the quality of education, educational reforms, and innovation within the field of education. It is influenced by a multifaceted array of factors. Therefore, the study of the factors influencing teachers' knowledge sharing necessitates a comprehensive examination of these diverse elements. Based on qualitative research, this study identifies five primary factors influencing teachers' willingness to share knowledge: individual resources, individual needs and motivations, organizational culture, job demands, and risk perception. These factors interplay to shape teachers' knowledge-sharing behavior, serving either as incentives or hindrances. Recognizing these dynamics is crucial for fostering a culture of knowledge-sharing in education, thereby elevating overall educational quality and supporting teachers' professional development. The significance of knowledge sharing in teacher careers and education reform cannot be overstated.

Juggling conflicting demands when using a new intervention to combat child physical abuse in the Swedish child welfare services

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the complexities of using a new intervention when parents are suspected of child physical abuse. Children leaving a child forensic interview due to suspected child physical abuse are often handed over to their parents, who sometimes are the suspected perpetrators. The Efter barnförhöret (EB) [After the child forensic interview] intervention was developed to aid children in this stressful situation by providing professional support from child welfare services to the child and parents. The article is based on interviews with 11 respondents working with EB. Narratives reveal how respondents use their discretionary space to navigate different institutional logics. In the themes Focusing on the child, Getting parents motivated, The challenges with organizational boundaries and Demand trumps resources, respondents argue that EB, despite organizational challenges, is considered an important intervention that meets the needs of children and families after the disclosure of child physical abuse.

Examining the impact of leader's paradoxical cognition on supply chain sustainability: a moderated chain mediation model

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc on a global scale for supply chains, which put forward higher demand for organizations to reassess their global supply chain strategy and improve supply chain sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to understand how leader's paradoxical cognition affect supply chain sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThis study conceptualizes a research model grounded in upper echelons theory and propose a chain-mediating model under the moderating effect of big data analytics. Using PLS-SEM method, we test the hypotheses using survey data collected from supply chain managers or leaders of the supply chain team from 193 firms.FindingsThe results indicate that supply chain ambidexterity and organizational learning play a mediating role in the relationship between leaders' paradoxical cognition on supply chain sustainability, respectively, and these two variables have a chain-mediating role in the relationship above. In addition, the big data analytics negatively moderates the relationship between leader's paradoxical cognition and organizational learning, and further moderates our chain mediating model.Originality/valueThis research initiatively focuses on the micro-foundations of supply chain sustainability from managerial cognition and firstly provides empirical evidence about the impact of leader's paradoxical cognition on supply chain sustainability.