Development Organizations Research Articles

Optimization of Long Line Management in Seaweed Farming: Strategies for Increasing Farmers' Group Income in Pinrang Regency, Indonesia

This research aims to explore the role of the long-line method in increasing the income of seaweed farmers in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, while examining the challenges they face and the strategies they employ to overcome them. The study employs a qualitative case study approach, involving 15 seaweed farmers from various coastal villages within Pinrang Regency, representing diverse demographic backgrounds and experiences. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, allowing for an in-depth understanding of the participants' farming practices and challenges. The findings indicate that seaweed farmers increase their income by optimizing resources, collaborating within farmer groups, and adapting to environmental and market changes. Strategies such as space optimization, material reuse, and knowledge sharing among farming communities significantly enhance productivity and sustainability. Furthermore, farmers employ adaptive techniques to mitigate environmental risks and market volatility, including using durable materials and processing seaweed into higher-value products. The implications of these findings are crucial for policymakers and development organizations, as they highlight the potential of sustainable farming practices in improving the livelihoods of coastal communities. Policymakers are encouraged to develop support programs that promote resource optimization, foster community-driven farming networks, and train farmers in adaptive strategies. However, the study's limitations, including the small sample size and reliance on self-reported data, may affect the generalizability of the results. Future research should incorporate larger, more diverse samples and objective measures to enhance the robustness of the findings, and explore the long-term impacts of the long-line method on income and sustainability.

APPLICATION OF EUROPEAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN THE PLANNING ACTIVITIES OF POST-WAR UKRAINE'S MULTI-LEVEL CONSUMER CO-OPERATION SYSTEM

The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU requires Ukraine to consider the adoption of a European model of corporate governance. The EU has a wealth of experience in the effective management of consumer co-operation, which can inform the development of best practices for Ukraine. The subject of the study is the adaptation and substantiation of the current specifics of the application of European principles of corporate governance in the process of planning the activities of a multi-level system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. This study employs a range of general scientific methods, including modelling, economic analysis, forecasting, a system approach and synthesis. These methods have been used to develop generalisations and conclusions related to the object of research as a whole, namely the multi-level and multi-sectoral system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. The objective of this study is to justify the implementation of European principles, mechanisms and tools of corporate governance, based on a comprehensive analysis, with the aim of optimising the planning processes and the development of a multi-level system of consumer co-operation in Ukraine. The fundamental characteristics of co-operative systems have been elucidated, and the principal distinctions between them and corporations have been identified. The functions of the corporate governance system are examined and a conclusion is reached regarding their alignment with the responsibilities and principles of consumer co-operation. The factors that contributed to the success of the development of the consumer co-operation trade sphere in the Soviet period are identified. This study considers the information base for planning the retail turnover of consumer co-operatives in the context of a planned economy. It identifies the main shortcomings and weaknesses of this approach. The principal indicators of activity for consumer co-operatives in Ukraine are examined in the context of their statutory mission. In light of the application of the substitution method, potential indicators of trade turnover for consumer co-operatives, contingent upon collaboration up to the level of 1990, are modelled. It can be concluded that the system of consumer co-operation has not yet fully adapted to the new economic conditions, new legislation and processes of increasing competition in the market, despite the transition to a market economy. In light of the aforementioned circumstances, it is imperative to implement European principles of corporate governance and contemporary international principles governing the advancement of the co-operative movement within the framework of consumer co-operation. The principles of corporate governance, developed by such international organisations as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the European Confederation of Shareholder Associations, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, have been subjected to detailed analysis. The evolution of the corporate governance system has been delineated with respect to the consumer co-operation. This trend coincides with the imperative necessity for the consumer co-operation of Ukraine to reform its planned system, which represents a key component of its commitment to more effective management. The necessity for additional harmonisation of Ukrainian co-operative legislation with European legislation has been established. The composition of the information base for the development of indicators of the plan of retail turnover of the consumer society in the modern context is justified. The article's primary conclusions are that the negative trends and the quantitative and qualitative indicators of consumer co-operatives in Ukraine can be halted and improved through the implementation and advancement of institutional co-operative advantages, which are codified by legislation and validated by both domestic and European experience. Consequently, members of consumer societies and potential shareholders must be regarded as a central object and subject of planning, regulation, operational activities and the development of consumer co-operatives. In the context of the implementation of the decentralisation policy in Ukraine, in order to optimise the relations between co-operative enterprises and organisations at the horizontal and vertical levels, it is necessary to plan the development of the co-operative system as a component of regional development. The use of IT technologies will allow automating all operational processes, using the full range of planning forms and methods, and at the same time preserving the scientifically sound principles of consumer co-operation development as a system with the possibility of medium- and long-term planning.

The effect of global collaboration on climate mitigation technologies in reducing CO2

The fundamental approaches to industrial growth, government interventions, and market structure have ignored the main consequences of the common idea of “growth first, clean later”. This study investigates the relationship between carbon emissions (CO2) and international collaboration in climate change mitigation technologies (ICCCMT), renewable energy consumption (REC), exports (EXP), imports (IMP), gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), natural resources rents (NRR), and domestic innovation in climate change mitigation technologies (DICCMT) for a panel of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries over the period of 1990-2020. We adopted a series of econometric techniques for the visualization of the available data. We used second-generation econometrics estimations to verify cross-sectional dependence, co-integration, and stationary between the variables.Based on our findings, the study reveals that ICCCMT, REC, and DICCMT have a positive effect and contribute to CO2 mitigation of the 30 OECD economies. Furthermore, the findings reveal that ICCCMT can promote renewable energy consumption, thus the increase of REC will significantly mitigate CO2 emissions. The outcomes from the panel dynamic GMM model confirmed a positive relationship between CO2 emissions, FDI, exports, imports, and GDP. The study indicates that these variables can adversely affect climate change mitigation.

Multivariate analysis of academic and sport performance among Indonesian university student-athletes

Research on student-athletes' academic performance reveals a complex interplay of factors. Interestingly, few studies have investigated the achievement of student-athletes in both academics and athletics, the two areas in which they are usually evaluated. In this study, we investigated the association between factors that may affect student athlete academic performance with their sports achievement. In this study, 166 students from 20 sport faculties universities within faculty of sports who had at least a provincial sports accomplishment were involved. The factors that were strongly connected with student-athletes' academic achievement were analyzed using a logistic regression analysis. According to this study, there is a considerable correlation between the academic achievement of student athletes, their gender and internet access. It has been found that academic achievement is strongly influenced by students' proficiency in establishing an internet connection significantly impacts their academic performance. In addition, gender makes a major contribution to the prediction of academic grades in student athletes in Indonesia. Athletes may be eligible for specialized academic programs that are intended to help them continue to improve in both their academic and athletic endeavors. As a result, Indonesian universities mandate the establishment of a mentorship center development organization to assist student-athletes. Curriculum modifications may also be implemented in response to the time allotted to students for academic and sports performance.

Policy approaches to increase external investment by US pension funds in African countries

AbstractLimited external investment has dampened the prospect for a prosperous African continent that capitalises on economic integration and its demographic dividend. This article explores US pension funds as a candidate for increased investment by framing it through an institutional lens and the scholarly understanding of the risk–return dynamics in private capital allocation. The original research is centered on interviews of senior‐level professionals who work in the US pension fund investment ecosystem as well as experts at multilateral organisations. It identifies the primary investment impediments articulated in interviews and offers approaches policymakers in OECD member countries could undertake to increase the scale of US pension fund investment in African countries. These include: (1) Transform guarantee programs in size, scope, and risk tolerance; (2) Establish large pass‐through investment vehicles; (3) Focus resources to improve capital markets in African countries; and (4) Mandate development organisations to coordinate and proactively collaborate with firms in the US investment ecosystem.

Collection and use of patient-reported experience measures: approach to improve health care

Abstract Background Patient experience is one of the fundamental determinants of healthcare quality. There is progress in the collection of PREM in national level for hospitalized patients since 2020 in Latvia. Aim Analyze (2020.-2022.) in-patients Top-box rates about communication, share-decision making, patient safety and Net Promoter Score (NPS). Methods Project starting point was 2019. Agreement with EC, Sant’Anna School, Ministry of Health and Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia. Since 2020, the collection of PREM has been taking place regularly in hospitals (around 40% from all hospitals) and on average 20% response rate of those who agreed to participate in the survey. PREM questionnaire according to HCAHPS (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) standards, including Picker Institute patient experience questions. In line with OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) recommendations, patient safety issues are also included. Top-box rates (most positive response) and percentiles (25th - 75th) were calculated. Results Totally 17019 adult (18 years and more) patient responses were analyzed with response rate 20.3% (n = 83983). 74.6% (67.5-78.2) during hospital stay doctors always explain things in a way you could understand and sufficiently involved in the decision-making process of treatment - 75.0% (70.1-81.4). During hospital stay 4.1% (n = 601) experienced patient safety incidents which were patient-reported. The most common groups were wrong patients, medication errors, incl. adverse drug reactions and falls. Hospitals achieved a NPS of 61 for 3 year period (2020.-2022.). Conclusions Collecting information about the patient experience may be the starting point for engaging patients and moving to more patient-centered health care. The results of these in-patient PREM data can be used to identify areas of improvement and make changes to better meet the needs and expectations of their patients. Key messages • It is a good practice for the implementation of new health care quality data - patient experience reported measures at the national level. • Feedback about the patient experience on regular basis provides insight into patient needs, preferences and values, which can help to improve the quality and safety of care.

Impact of the Implementation of Multilateral Convention on Tax Treaty by the Adoption of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in collaboration with the G02 countries on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)

Impact of the Implementation of Multilateral Convention on Tax Treaty by the Adoption of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in collaboration with the G02 countries on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS)

Global variations in coronary revascularisation and acute myocardial infarction mortality between 2006-2020: a longitudinal, population-level analysis of 16 high-income nations from the OECD database

Abstract Background Revascularisation options for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) includes either, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Whilst PCI remains the preferred choice in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)(1), several landmark trials have questioned its universal superiority (2,3), thus prompting re-evaluation of guidelines. A wide-scale contemporary overview of revascularisation trends is lacking. Purpose To examine the evolving pattern in PCI and CABG rates, alongside mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) across a group of 16 high-income countries between 2006 and 2020. Methods Standardized PCI and CABG procedure rates alongside AMI age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) were obtained from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) database. Data from 2006-2020 was extracted for; Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (UK). Together, these countries are commonly known as the European Union (EU) 15+ and represent a cluster of high-income nations with comparable levels of health expenditure. Procedural trends including the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were evaluated using Joinpoint analysis whilst Locally Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOESS) models was used to analysis trends in AMI mortality. Results Over 15 years, 14.0 million PCI and 2.8 million CABG procedures were recorded in total. PCI rates varied amongst nations (Figure 1), however showed an overall increase in 11 countries, led by Finland (+36.0%). The steepest increase was observed in France between 2012-2018 (EAPC 5.4, 95% CI: 4.8 – 6.1). The greatest overall decrease in PCI was observed in Luxemburg (-33.5%). The fastest decrease was seen during 2018-2020 in the UK (EAPC -7.2, 95% CI: -9.7 – -4.6). CABG rates declined overall in 15 countries (Figure 1), with Luxembourg (-71.3%), experiencing the largest fall and showing the steepest decline between 2014-2018 (EAPC -20.7, 95% CI: -28.3 – -12.3). Ireland was the only country to show an increase in CABG rate (+16.3%). Throughout the study period, the PCI-to-CABG ratio increased (Figure 2A), whilst AMI mortality decreased consistently across all countries (Figure 2B). Conclusion Despite evidence supporting CABG over PCI in specific scenarios, CABG rates have declined, and PCI rates have increased. This trend may be influenced by several factors including patient preference for less invasive procedures and advancements in interventional techniques. The varied use of PCI among these nations, alongside a sustained decline in AMI mortality rates, may be expected given the importance of optimal medical therapy in the management of IHD. The results further highlight the significance of factors beyond revascularisation in driving improved outcomes.PCI and CABG rates between 2006 and 2020PCI to CABG ratio and AMI mortality rate

10.E. Scientific session: Confronting the hidden risks: unveiling the disease burden of chemicals in Europe

Abstract With increasing industrialization and globalization, Europe faces a complex landscape of chemical hazards, ranging from persistent organic pollutants like PFAS to foodborne chemicals and beyond. Understanding the extent of these exposures and their associated population health risks is crucial for environmental and health policy making across Europe. The burden of disease methodology, particularly through metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), combined with economic costs, plays a crucial role in assessing and addressing the impacts of chemicals on population health. DALYs provide a comprehensive measure that quantifies both the years of life lost due to premature death and the years lived with disability, offering a holistic understanding of the disease burden caused by chemical exposures. Additionally, incorporating economic costs into the analysis enables the evaluation of the financial burden imposed by chemical-related illnesses on healthcare systems, productivity, and societal well-being. By leveraging the burden of disease methodology, stakeholders can make evidence-based decisions to protect health of populations and allocate resources effectively, ultimately promoting healthier environments and communities. Several global and European initiatives provide platforms for evidence generation, knowledge-sharing, and action to address the disease burden of chemicals. At the global level, the Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group of the World Health Organization (WHO/FERG) has estimated the global burden of foodborne diseases, including those caused by chemical contaminants in foods. At European level, the health impact of PFAS and other chemicals of high concern is being spearheaded by the European Environment Agency’s European Topic Centre on Human Health and the Environment, and the European Partnership on the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC). Furthermore, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development has established a project of an unprecedented scale to measure the economic value of the effects of chemicals on human health. Complementary to these international initiatives, various countries have started to unravel the burden of chemicals based on local data and contextual insights. In this workshop, we will present the state-of-the-art of the disease burden of chemicals, by bringing together insights from key international and national burden of disease initiatives, emphasizing the imperative of addressing the cost of policy inaction in safeguarding public health. We will also show how burden of disease estimates for chemicals can help to monitor the trends towards relevant environment and health goals such as those described in the EU’s zero pollution ambition. Through collaborative discussions and knowledge-sharing, we aspire to identify actionable strategies for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders to effectively address these challenges and promote a healthier future for all. Key messages • Understanding the vital importance of chemical risks for European health, the utilization of DALY and economic costs reveals their true burden, guiding evidence-based policies. • Global, regional and national initiatives are examining the impacts of chemicals worldwide, contributing to evidence gathering and policy shaping.

Observed carbon decoupling of subnational production insufficient for net-zero goal by 2050

Historically, economic growth has been closely coupled to carbon emissions responsible for climate change, but to stabilize global mean temperature, net-zero carbon emissions are necessary. Some economies have begun to reduce emissions while continuing to grow, but this decoupling is not fast enough to achieve global climate targets. Subnational climate actions seem to be crucial for the achievement of these targets. Here, we uncover the effectiveness of subnational efforts by estimating decoupling rates and CO2 emission intensities over the last three decades for over 1,500 subnational regions, encompassing 85% of global emissions, using global data on reported economic output and gridded production-based emissions. Thirty percent of regions with available data have fully decoupled, with higher-income and historically carbon-intensive regions exhibiting higher rates of decoupling and declining emission intensity. Countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development with greater spending on subnational climate actions show higher decoupling rates, as do subnational regions in EU countries where climate policies have been implemented, highlighting the effectiveness of subnational policies. Moreover, subnational analysis reveals greater variance of decoupling rates within national boundaries than between them and that countries with weaker governance typically show higher variance of decoupling within their borders. If recent rates of production-based carbon decoupling continue, less than half of subnational regions would reach net-zero before 2050, even when accounting for observed acceleration via socioeconomic development and assuming no interregional carbon leakage.

Open Innovation and Regulatory Challenges in New Modality Development: The Pivotal Role of Contract Development and Manufacturing Organisations in Advancing Antibody Drugs.

Ensuring regulatory-compliant manufacturing capability is an essential challenge for new treatment modalities, but its internalisation is not easy for pharmaceutical companies, especially start-ups. This study examines the functions and requirements of contracted development and manufacturing organisations (CDMOs) using the development process of antibody medicines as a case study. Utilizing PubMed, Cortellis and Patent Integration databases, this study delves into publication and contractual trends in monoclonal antibody drugs (mAbs) development, alongside an analysis of patent filings by CDMOs, offering a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape in mAbs innovation. In the early stages of mAbs development, dedicated bio firms (DBFs) led R&D with superior drug discovery technology but lacked manufacturing capability, which was complemented by CDMOs. This collaboration was an opportunity for CDMOs to expand their capabilities beyond manufacturing technology into antibody drug candidate discovery and structural optimisation technology. From mid-development onwards, it established a technology platform based on these capabilities and developed and established partnerships with existing pharmaceutical companies, including mega pharma. The impact of institutions and regulations on the innovation process was assessed during this development process. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the innovation system for new modalities.

A Systematic Literature Review for Investigating DevOps Metrics to Implement in Software Development Organizations

ABSTRACTDevOps is a collaborative software development process where practitioners work as a team to continuously develop, deploy, and deliver software. DevOps practices still need to be mature, and practitioners face numerous challenges while considering DevOps as a software development process. The mainstream research community has helped simplify the DevOps adoption process and eliminate complexities by developing DevOps maturity models. However, the current maturity frameworks cannot measure every component of DevOps and do not mention metrics as parameters for measuring different DevOps practices or features. Therefore, this study aims to identify metrics for measuring practices and activities responsible for DevOps implementation. The systematic literature review (SLR) method was used to determine the metrics needed to measure DevOps practices. Using SLR, we have identified 32 metrics from 57 articles. The metrics identified in this study can be used to measure the impact of the practices adopted for DevOps implementation within software development organizations. Furthermore, we divided the identified metrics into Dev and Ops categories and five significant categories based on the DevOps lifecycle. The classification of metrics in our study into diverse regions provides a conceptual framework and understanding of DevOps measures.

Writing performance and discourse organization in L2 Chinese: A longitudinal case study

The present study explored the development of writing performance and discourse organization in Chinese as a second language (L2) writing, focusing on the effects of genre and learning context. Tracking an L2 Chinese learner’s written production in two genres (i.e., narrative and argumentative) across four learning contexts (i.e., pre-study abroad, study abroad, post-study abroad, and delayed post-study abroad) longitudinally over four years, this study revealed that holistic ratings and discourse organizational devices showed distinct patterns in different genres and across learning contexts. Narrative essays generally received lower ratings than argumentative essays. Ratings of narrative essays remained relatively stable across four learning contexts, whereas those of argumentative essays displayed an omega-shaped pattern over the four-year period. Among six discourse organizational devices, subordinate clauses, textual connectives, and grammatical metaphors were used more in argumentative essays, but coordinate clauses and topic-prominent constructions were used more in narrative essays. The six discourse organizational devices exhibited discrete developmental trends throughout the four years of learning. This study provides a deeper understanding of writing performance and discourse organization in L2 Chinese development.

Assessing the Damage to Environmental Pollution: Discerning the Impact of Environmental Technology, Energy Efficiency, Green Energy and Natural Resources

The existing literature covers the topic of environmental pollution, but there is a scarcity of research that specifically examines the factors contributing to financial losses caused by carbon emissions. In this perspective, this ongoing analysis provides an understanding of the impact of environmental technology, energy efficiency, renewable energy consumption, natural resources, and economic growth on carbon dioxide damage in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries from 2000 to 2021 using the “Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR)”, and “Dumitrescu–Hurlin (D-H)” causality test. The findings from the MMQR revealed that environmental control technology, renewable energy consumption, and energy efficiency contribute to reducing carbon dioxide damage at different quantiles. It was also found that economic growth and natural resources contribute to the increase in carbon dioxide damage in various quantities. Additionally, a one-way causality result was obtained from environmental technology, energy efficiency, renewable energy consumption, natural resources, and economic growth towards carbon dioxide damage. These results indicate that policymakers in OECD nations should provide suggestions on the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources and environmentally friendly technologies to minimize carbon dioxide damage.

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF DESIGNING ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ANTI-CORRUPTION

It has been established that international legal countermeasures against corruption are carried out at three levels: global (by the United Nations, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Bank, etc.); regional integration (Council of Europe, European Union, other integration associations); bilateral intergovernmental and interagency cooperation. There is no coordination of directions and means of combating corruption between them. Therefore, international anti-corruption activities at all three levels developed not only in different directions, but also in many ways spontaneously. It has been proven that the wide participation of international organizations in the fight against corruption and the variety of anti-corruption legal means used by them contribute to the concentration and coordination of the efforts of states in the fight against corruption. Another positive effect of the acts of international organizations is also noted: drawing the attention of civil society to the tasks of combating corruption, they significantly strengthen the potential for their full solution. On the other hand, the variety of subjects and legal forms of international legal anti-corruption often create legal conflicts between acts operating in this area. Such collisions create, for example, different approaches to defining the concept of corruption. It is noted that the concepts of designing anti-corruption acts, based on the ideas and methods of system design of complex technological processes and objects, are more and more widely used in the law-making practice of international organizations and states of the modern world. Their influence on the legal regulation of social relations is increasing, confirming that at the current stage of socio-economic, technological, informational development, the complication of social relations, the rapid increase in their quantitative parameters and indicators, the growing danger of man-made and natural disasters, the introduction of system design becomes impossible. It is gradually displacing the maximally ineffective under such conditions practices of «industry», «fragmentary», «point», «situational» legal regulation. It has been established that the systematic design of anti-corruption acts primarily involves conducting comprehensive studies of law-making initiatives. In the course of such studies, all factors that may affect the intended sphere (object) of legal regulation must be analyzed; the opinions, positions, and evaluations of not only regulatory and control-supervisory state bodies, but also potential participants in the projected legal relations should be taken into account.

The OECD’s construction of future imaginaries for curriculum reform

ABSTRACT Offering imaginaries of the future is a significant part of the work of documents produced by national policymakers, interest groups and international organisations. In this article, we examine thematic reports on the redesign of the curriculum published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as part of its Education 2030 project. Our analysis is grounded in the understanding that documents transform issues through storytelling, data and visualisations. We show how thematic reports context a complex and unpredictable future by forecasting different futures based on current issues that need solutions. The storytelling that contexts the imaginaries of futures gains authority through datafication of national curricula enabled by Curriculum Content Mapping. The Curriculum Content Mapping reveals a lack of alignment with the OECD’s Learning Compass for 2030 transforming the issue of a complex future into an issue of curriculum as an instrument to potentialise the future. Hence, datafication of curriculum content serves as an instrument of governance towards specific curriculum transformations based on the OECD’s education politics towards economic growth rather than informing about future needs.

Development of an AI-Based Suicide Ideation Prediction Model for People with Disabilities

South Korea has one of the highest suicide rates among countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, and the suicide rate among people with disabilities is more than twice that of the general population. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence-based suicide ideation prediction model for people with disabilities in order to provide a proactive approach for managing high-risk groups and offer evidence for establishing suicide prevention policies. The support vector machine, adaptive boost (AdaBoost), and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) models were used in this study. Data from the Disability and Life Dynamics Panel for 2018–2021 were used. The performance of the models was evaluated based on the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). All the prediction models demonstrated excellent performance, with AUC > 0.80 (0.83–0.87). The best-performing models were AdaBoost (0.87) for accuracy, Bi-LSTM (0.90) for sensitivity, and AdaBoost (0.90) for specificity. This study is the first to develop an artificial intelligence-based suicide ideation prediction model for disabled people and is significant in that it suggests ways to pre-emptively manage groups at high risk for suicide, providing evidence for the establishment of suicide prevention policies.

'Show me the money': An analysis of US global health funding from 1995 to 2019.

Historically, the US has been the largest contributor to development assistance for health (DAH), although its allocation has shifted in response to outside forces. This included, for example, the establishment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000, which emphasised child mortality, maternal health, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. This led to funds being earmarked for disease-specific interventions rather than health system strengthening (HSS). In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) published six health system building blocks, representing essential components of strong health systems. In 2015, the MDGs were replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which emphasised capacity-building as opposed to specific health problems. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery, meanwhile, highlighted surgical capacity building as essential to achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Given the renewed emphasis on a comprehensive approach rather than disease-specific interventions, one might anticipate the US aligning with this rhetoric in its allocation of DAH. However, we hypothesise that this is not the case. We queried the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) database for allocation of US DAH to low- and middle-income countries between 1995 and 2019, thereby excluding data after 2019 to avoid the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. OECD entries were assigned to health systems strengthening (HSS) or disease-specific interventions categories. The WHO building blocks were used as a framework for health systems strengthening. From 1995 to 1999, US DAH allocated to HSS decreased from 42% to 34%. The allocation decreased further from 34% in 2000 to 4% in 2007; correspondingly, DAH allocated to disease-specific interventions increased from 67% to 96%. Between 2008 and 2019, the distribution of US DAH remained relatively stable, with funds allocated to HSS versus disease-specific interventions ranging from 3-12% and 88-98% respectively. While total US DAH contributions in the 1990s and early 2000s were significantly lower compared to the decade that followed, the distribution of these funds was more evenly divided between HSS and disease-specific interventions. Despite attempts by the WHO and United Nations to redirect attention to HSS as the path to achieving UHC, the US continues to largely support disease-specific interventions and overlook the importance of HSS, including surgical capacity building.

Theoretical Approaches to the Regulation of Bioeconomy

The development of science and technology, as well as the introduction of innovations into the production sphere, have led to the emergence of such a phenomenon as the bioeconomy. At the present time, there is no versatile definition of the concept of bioeconomy either at the national level or at the level of interstate integration associations and international organizations. To analyze the key features of the concept of bioeconomy and to identify the main approaches to the essence of this phenomenon. This is important for the understanding of directions of development of the regulatory environment in relation to bioeconomy in the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the definitions of the concept of bioeconomy at the level of the International Advisory Council on Bioeconomy (IACB), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the European Union (EU), and individual states. The author examines a range of approaches to regulating bioeconomy. The research is based on formal-logical, dogmatic methods, the comparison method and the axiological approach. The paper presents approaches to the concept of bioeconomy as a phenomenon. The author analyzes how bioeconomy relates to the circular economy (closed-loop economy) and the linear (traditional) economy. The article presents a range of approaches to the regulation of bioeconomy through the lens of proactive law and proposes a mechanism for its regulation with the help of a symbiotic regulator. The main elements of such a reg ulator are referred to in the article. They include normative regulation, the presence of ef fectively functioning organizational structures, and properly functioning processes of interaction between organizational structures and entities. The author examines a regulation method entitled ‘ethical licensing’, highlights its advantages and disadvantages, and gives recommendation on the subsequent use of this method. Due to its complex nature, bioeconomy as a phenomenon requires specific approaches to its regulation.

Microgels With Electrostatically Controlled Molecular Affinity to Direct Morphogenesis.

Concentration gradients of soluble signaling molecules-morphogens-determine the cellular organization in tissue development. Morphogen-releasing microgels have shown potential to recapitulate this principle in engineered tissue constructs, however, with limited control over the molecular cues in space and time. Inspired by the functionality of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) in morphogen signaling in vivo, a library of sGAG-based microgels is developed and designated as µGel Units to Instruct Development (µGUIDEs). Adjustment of the microgel's sGAG sulfation patterns and concentration enabled the programming of electrostatic affinities that control the release of morphogens. Based on computational analyses of molecular transport processes, µGUIDEs provided unprecedented precision in the spatiotemporal modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gradients in a microgel-in-gel vasculogenesis model and kidney organoid cultures. The versatile approach offers new options for creating morphogen signaling centers to advance the understanding of tissue and organ development.