Organic Extraction Phase Research Articles

Facile synthesis of magnetic ionic covalent organic framework and dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction of aromatic amino acid oxidation products in thermally processed foods

Aromatic amino acid oxidation products (AAAOPs) are newly discovered risk substances of thermal processes. Due to its significant polarity and trace level in food matrices, there are no efficient pre-treatment methods available to enrich AAAOPs. Herein, we proposed a magnetic cationic covalent organic framework (Fe3O4@EB-iCOF) as an adsorbent for dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (DMSPE). Benefiting from the unique charged characteristics of Fe3O4@EB-iCOF, AAAOPs can be enriched through electrostatic interaction and π-π interactions. Under the optimal DMSPE conditions, the combined HPLC-MS/MS method demonstrated good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.990) and a low detection limit (0.11–7.5 μg·kg−1) for AAAOPs. In addition, the method was applied to real sample and obtained satisfactory recoveries (86.8 % ∼ 109.9 %). Especially, we applied this method to the detection of AAAOPs in meat samples and conducted a preliminarily study on its formation rules, which provides a reliable basis for assessing potential dietary risks.

A Study on Endogenous Inhibitors of Nitraria roborowskii Kom. Seeds

Nitraria roborowskii Kom. seeds have deep dormancy characteristics. Under natural conditions, the germination rate of the seeds is low, and the germination time is long. Therefore, exploring the reasons for seed dormancy is highly important. The results showed that the extracts of the methanol phase, ethyl acetate phase, petroleum ether phase and water phase of N. roborowskii seeds all had a significant inhibitory effect on the germination rate and germination index of Brassica rapa seeds, among which the extract of the methanol phase had the strongest inhibitory effect, and the inhibitory effect decreased in the following order from the strongest to the weakest: methanol phase > ethyl acetate phase > petroleum ether phase > water phase. The components of the methanol phase, ethyl acetate phase and petroleum ether phase ether extracts of N. roborowskii seeds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The experimental results showed that the organic phase extracts of N. roborowskii seeds contained a variety of inhibitory compounds, which included 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-dibutyl phthalate; 4-((1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol; 13-docosenamide, (Z)-; 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid; vanillin; 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol; and cyclohexane, ethyl-. The seeds of N. roborowskii contain a variety of endogenous inhibitors, which are the main reason for its seed dormancy.

Electroextraction of methylene blue from aqueous environmental samples using paper points coupled with hollow fiber membranes

This article introduces a novel approach by coupling paper points with hollow fiber membrane for electroextraction (PP–HF-EE). The method was innovatively applied to extract methylene blue (MB) from large water volumes (up to 580 mL). A comprehensive study of six key parameters – organic filter, acceptor and donor phase composition, extraction time, applied voltage, and sample volume – was conducted using conventional flatbed scanning and digital image analysis. Our results revealed that extraction performance was primarily influenced by time, with low voltages (50 V) and low-conductivity organic filters (1-decanol) yielding comparable results to higher settings (300 V or 1-pentanol). Under optimized conditions (50 V, 60 min, 1-decanol as the organic filter), analytical performance parameters were assessed, demonstrating acceptable precision (RSD <18% for intra- and inter-day measurements) within a linear range of 5–100 μg L−1 (r = 0.98). PP–HF–EE demonstrated reliability through stable and reproducible electric current measurements during all extraction studies. Utilizing an extremely cost-effective detection system, PP–HF–EE achieved detection limits in the low ppb range, highlighting its potential as a promising variation of electromembrane extraction for environmental sample analysis.

Decomposition of liquid-liquid extraction organic phase structure into critical and pre-peak contributions

Solution nanostructure induced by amphiphile self-association plays an important role in various chemical and physical processes, including liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Small angle scattering techniques are an essential means of probing this structure, but, due to non-uniqueness of scattering patterns, their interpretation is not trivial. Here, we decompose small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns for a range of binary LLE organic phases into two components: Ornstein-Zernike and pre-peak contributions resulting from, respectively, critical concentration fluctuations and packing of the amphiphilic extractant molecules in the nonpolar aliphatic diluent. While we previously applied Ornstein-Zernike scattering models to similar organic phases, including the pre-peak explicitly in the fit allows us to measure weak fluctuations at high extractant concentration and simultaneously obtain information on the position and intensity of the correlation peak related to amphiphile packing. Scattering patterns and partial structure factors calculated from molecular dynamics simulations support this interpretation. We demonstrate how this minimal scattering model describes nanostructuring for a large number of extractant types over their entire extractant/diluent composition ranges, suggesting simple and universal behavior. The straightforward assignment of these structural contributions facilitates the comparison of these features between different classes of extractant molecules and will enable further studies of organic phase aggregation. Applicability to more complex, process-relevant organic phases is illustrated with post-contact organic phases containing significant quantities of extracted lanthanide nitrate salt, which we find are readily described by this model.

Non-targeted chemical analysis of consumer botanical products labeled as blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides), goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), or yohimbe bark (Pausinystalia yohimbe) by NMR and MS.

Consumers have unprecedented access to botanical dietary supplements through online retailers, making it difficult to ensure product quality and authenticity. Therefore, methods to survey and compare chemical compositions across botanical products are needed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and non-targeted mass spectrometry (MS) were used to chemically analyze commercial products labeled as containing one of three botanicals: blue cohosh, goldenseal, and yohimbe bark. Aqueous and organic phase extracts were prepared and analyzed in tandem with NMR followed by MS. We processed the non-targeted data using multivariate statistics to analyze the compositional similarity across extracts. In each case, there were several product outliers that were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). Evaluation of select known constituents proved useful to contextualize PCA subgroups, which in some cases supported or refuted product authenticity. The NMR and MS data reached similar conclusions independently but were also complementary.

Performance and mechanism of the functional ionic liquid absorbent with the self-extraction property for CO2 capture

Regarding the bottleneck of high regeneration consumption for the amine absorbents, it was innovatively proposed in this work to construct a novel functional ionic liquid absorbent (3-Dibutylamino-propylamine-imidazole, [DBAPAH][Im]) with the self-extraction property for CO2 capture. The solvent changed from liquid-liquid two-phase to homogeneous as absorption loading increased, and it returned to a two-phase after desorption. The absorption loading of [DBAPAH][Im]-H2O solution for CO2 capture was 1.49 mol mol−1, and its regeneration efficiency was found to be 92.09% for the first regeneration and remained at 81.34% even after six cycles with a low regeneration temperature of 98 °C. It was found that this ionic liquid featured a reversible polarity, for which the polarity of [DBAPAH][Im] was much lower than that of water before absorption. The solvent changed from liquid-liquid phase to homogeneous as absorption loading increased because the polarity of the carbamate product and the Van der Waals interaction between carbamate and water were all increased. After desorption, the ionic liquid resumed with the low polarity and was not miscible in water to form an organic extraction phase, which promoted the rapid separation of the ionic liquid from the main solution and finally achieved the purpose of low temperature regeneration. Due to the coordination between cations and ions, the desorption free energy of the products formed by [DBAPAH][Im] and CO2 was very low (7.56 kJ mol−1). Furthermore, the energy consumption was estimated as 1.83 GJ t−1 CO2, which was much lower than that of benchmark monoethanolamine (MEA; 3.8 GJ t−1 CO2), and finally achieve the purpose of low regeneration temperature and low energy consumption regeneration.

Temperature-responsive liquid-liquid extraction of Li+ from high Mg/Li ratio brine

Exploring a facile method to recover Li+ is crucial for liquid-liquid extraction from high Mg/Li ratio brine for energy conversion and storage. A simple and effective approach herein that involves the lithium recovery from high Mg/Li ratio brine at a controlled temperature is proposed. Liquid-liquid extraction of Li+ from high Mg/Li ratio brine was carried out using tributyl phosphate (TBP) diluted in temperature-responsive ionic liquid as the extraction organic phase. The introduction of this ionic liquid allows for the solid-liquid conversion of the extraction phase by adjusting the temperature, and then achieves effective phase separation after liquid-liquid extraction. The parameters such as pH value, the dosage of IL, and phase ratio were optimized by experiments to achieve more than 80% of lithium recovery from a high Mg/Li ratio solution. The loaded organic phase was regenerated by HCl stripping, and the stripped organic phase can be recovered with no crud or emulsification during the process. In this work, a novel and green method was developed for lithium selectivity recovery by using a switchable temperature-responsive TBP-IL system.

A Novel Eco-Friendly Circular Approach to Comprehensive Utilizing Bittern Waste and Oyster Shell

Efficient waste management, especially in relation to swaste reuse, has become a pressing societal issue. The waste bittern generated during salt production and discarded oyster shells present formidable environmental challenges and a waste of resources for some coastal regions. Therefore, this work developed a two-stage circular process for the environmentally friendly and efficient utilization of both waste materials. In the first stage, CO2 gas and an organic extraction phase comprising Tri(octyl-decyl)amine (R3N) and isoamyl alcohol were introduced into the waste bittern to obtain MgCO3·3H2O (s). The second stage involved reacting the reacted organic extraction phase with oyster shell powders to produce CaCl2·2H2O (s) and CO2 (g) and regenerate R3N. This work focused on investigating the yield of MgCO3·3H2O and the regeneration ratio of R3N, which are crucial indicators for the two stages involved in the process. The results indicate that, under optimal operating conditions, a maximum yield of 87% for MgCO3·3H2O was achieved, and the regeneration ratio of R3N reached 97%. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism and thermodynamic functions of the R3N regeneration process were elucidated as a crucial element in achieving a circular process. The findings of this work offer a sustainable solution to environmental pollution from waste bittern and oyster shells, and provide a promising avenue for green chemical production.

CuBTC metal organic framework-based dispersive solid phase extraction of cyclosporine and tacrolimus from plasma samples prior to determination by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Immunosuppressive drugs are prescribed to reduce the immune system of persons who are undergoing organ transplants. The concentration of these drugs in blood and plasma samples must be accurately and precisely determined during immunosuppressive therapy due to their significant side effects. In this study, a metal organic framework-based dispersive solid phase extraction method was developed for the extraction of tacrolimus and cyclosporine from plasma samples before their determination by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For this purpose, CuBTC metal organic framework nanoparticles were prepared by a hydrothermal approach and they were used as the sorbent in the extraction procedure. The adsorbed analytes were eluted by a suitable organic solvent and then more concentrated by evaporation of the eluate. All of the effective parameters of the method including sorbent amount, adsorption time, eluent type, desorption time, eluent volume, and sample solution pH were studied and optimized. They were obtained 5 mg, 5 min, acetone, 5 min, 300 μL, and 5, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the developed method was validated and the data showed that the linear range, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, the coefficient of determination, the enrichment factor, and relative standard deviation values were 1–1000 ng mL−1, 0.30 ng mL−1, 0.5 ng mL−1, 0.99, 15.6, and 5.8 % for tacrolimus and 0.8–500 ng mL−1, 0.25 ng mL−1, 0.4 ng mL−1, 0.99, 17, and 5.6 % for cyclosporine, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully used in the determination of the studied drugs in plasma samples.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by laser ablation from coal for field-effect transistors.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting extensive attention due to their excellent properties. We have developed a strategy of using coal to synthesize SWCNTs for high performance field-effect transistors (FETs). The high-quality SWCNTs were synthesized by laser ablation using only coal as the carbon source and Co-Ni as the catalyst. We show that coal is a carbon source superior to graphite with higher yield and better selectivity toward SWCNTs with smaller diameters. Without any pre-purification, the as-prepared SWCNTs were directly sorted based on their conductivity and diameter using either aqueous two-phase extraction or organic phase extraction with PCz (poly[9-(1-octylonoyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl]). The semiconducting SWCNTs sorted by one-step PCz extraction were used to fabricate thin film FETs. The transformation of coal into FETs (and further integrated circuits) demonstrates an efficient way of utilizing natural resources and a marvelous example in green carbon technology. Considering its short steps and high feasibility, it presents great potential in future practical applications not limited to electronics.

Covalent organic framework-based magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of trace organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water and atmospheric particulates

A magnetic covalent organic framework material (M-COF) with conjugated structure, high surface area and good chemical stability, was prepared for the adsorption of nine organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). The extraction recovery of the M-COF for nine target OPPs were 64–91%, and the extraction dynamics was relatively fast. Based on it, a method by combining magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was developed for the determination of nine OPPs in environmental water and atmospheric particle samples. The enrichment factor (EF) of MSPE-sweeping-MEKC for nine target OPPs are 1740 and 3626 times, with the limits of detection of 0.78–2.33 μg L−1. This method was used to analyze nine OPPs in environmental samples, and the recovery of nine OPPs in spiked East Lake water, Triangle Lake water, the extracts of PM2.5, PM10 and TSP were 81.0–111%, 83.6–111%, 83.1–117%, 81.7–114% and 80.2–114%, respectively. The method is sensitive, rapid and simple, and can be used for the quantification of interest OPPs in environmental samples with complex matrix.

Monitoring and investigating reactive extraction of (di–)carboxylic acids using online FTIR – Part I: Characterization of the complex formed between itaconic acid and tri-n-octylamine

Reactive extraction (RE) using amine extractants in an organic solvent has been proven a promising downstream strategy for (di–)carboxylic acids of biocatalytic origin. Available analytical techniques allow for observation of the acid depletion in the aqueous phase and thus an indirect link to the course of the RE as well as concentration of the complex.In order to further optimize RE performance in these systems, a direct information on the complex concentration as well as its stoichiometry (amine extractant to (di–)carboxylic acid ratio in the complex) in the organic phase is crucial.Within this work, we successfully applied Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the detection and quantification of the acid-extractant complex formed between itaconic acid (IA) and tri-n-octylamine (TNOA) in 1-decanol. A newly developed experimental setup incorporating FTIR spectroscopy and a systematic procedure for the characterization of the acid-extractant complex allow clarifying the structure of the acid-extractant complex. Our investigations revealed the complex formation between IA and TNOA to be based on the ion-pair mechanism whereas the stoichiometry was identified to be 2:1 (TNOA:IA) when TNOA is available in excess. Applying the experimental setup enables online monitoring of the IA concentration simultaneously in both phases during extraction of IA using 1-decanol as organic extraction phase. The mechanistic understanding of the complex formation on a molecular basis gained from the results of this study as well as the possibility to online monitor RE enables the optimization of RE as downstream strategy for (di–)carboxylic acids.

Enzymatic Resolution of cis‐Dimethyl‐1‐acetylpiperidine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate for the Preparation of a Moxifloxacin Building Block

AbstractThis work presents the enantioselective resolution of a water‐soluble racemic mixture of cis‐dimethyl 1‐acetylpiperidine‐2,3‐dicarboxylate catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B. The separation of the carboxylic acid product in its (2R,3S) configuration from non‐reacted substrate in the (2S,3R) configuration was easily obtained by organic phase extraction. The latter molecule can be used as an enantiomerically pure precursor in the synthesis of (4aS,7aS)‐octahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine, an expensive building block in the production of the antibiotic Moxifloxacin. On the other hand, the hydrolyzed product in the (2R,3S) configuration can be used for the preparation of a neuromediator analogue. The lipase demonstrated enantioselectivity towards the (2R,3S) substrate enantiomer and regioselectivity towards the ester in position 3 of the molecule. Studies of hydrolysis kinetics and the use of the immobilized enzyme were performed to evaluate its industrial application.

Covalent Organic Framework-Based Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography for the Analysis of Trace Organophosphorus Pesticides in Environmental Water and Atmospheric Particulates

Covalent Organic Framework-Based Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography for the Analysis of Trace Organophosphorus Pesticides in Environmental Water and Atmospheric Particulates

Assessment of weed root extracts for allelopathic activity against Orobanche and Phelipanche species

Broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche species) are holoparasitic weeds that infect roots of crop hosts from Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae. The parasitic weeds are difficult to control selectively without crop damage once attached to their roots. Identification of natural compounds with herbicidal activity against pre-attached broomrape stages can provide control alternatives. With the aim to identify plant species with efficacy for broomrape control, organic and residual aqueous phase extracts from roots of seventeen weed species common in south Spanish broomrape-infested fields were assessed as potential inducers of suicidal broomrape germination and as inhibitors of broomrape radicle growth. Assessments were carried out in vitro using seeds and seedlings of four noxious broomrape species, Orobanche crenata Forsk., Orobanche cumana Wallr., Orobanche minor Sm. and Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel. While root extracts from all the weed species did not induce suicidal germination on O. crenata seeds, most of the extracts induced germination of P. ramosa except for those obtained from Amaranthus albus L., Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. Moderate levels of germination activity were induced in O. cumana and O. minor seeds by some of the root extracts tested, with strongest induction obtained from Heliotropium europaeum L. on O. cumana seeds, and from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. on O. minor seeds. For root extract inhibition of broomrape radicles, the extract from C. arvensis roots strongly inhibited radicles of all the broomrape species. While extracts from the other weed species induced low or negligible inhibition of O. cumana and O. crenata radicle growth, many inhibited P. ramosa and O. minor radicles. Exceptions were root extracts from Datura stramonium L., Heliotropium europaeum L., Malva sylvestris L., Solanum nigrum L. and Urtica dioica L., which did not inhibit P. ramosa radicles, and those from A. retroflexus, Datura stramonium L., Malva sylvestris L., Portulaca oleracea L. and S. nigrum, which did not inhibit O. minor radicles. Among the active organic extracts assessed, those showing promising chemical profiles were selected for future studies to characterize natural compounds with potential herbicidal activity on early stages of broomrape growth.

Plasma antioxidants and phospholipids and brain imaging biomarkers among non‐demented older adults

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have linked dietary fatty acids and antioxidants to dementia risk and cognitive decline. The relationships of objective markers of fatty acid and antioxidant intakes with brain imaging biomarkers remain uncertain.MethodWe assessed the associations of antioxidants and phospholipids in plasma, collected in 2000‐2002, with brain amyloid‐ß deposition on PET scans and hippocampal and white matter lesion volume on MRIs in 2009 among 193 participants of the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study who were free of clinical dementia. We used multivariable‐adjusted and inverse‐probability‐weighted robust linear regression models. We measured antioxidants by organic phase extraction followed by chromatographic analysis and individual plasma phospholipids (as a percentage of total plasma phospholipid fatty acids) by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.ResultA total of 20 participants (10%) had mild cognitive impairment at baseline and 134 participants (69%) used either multivitamin, vitamin A or β‐carotene, or vitamin E supplements (Table 1). Higher plasma retinol,α‐tocopherol, and total vitamin E were related to higher future amyloid‐ß deposition (Table 2). Higher α‐tocopherol and total vitamin E were also related to less white matter lesion volume. Carotenoids were not significantly related to any of the brain imaging biomarkers.Higher concentrations of the saturated fatty acid margaric acid (17:0) were associated with more amyloid‐ß deposition (adjusted difference per 1 SD higher margaric acid: 0.10 standardized uptake value ratio; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.19) and smaller hippocampal volume (Table 3). In contrast, higher concentrations of the saturated fatty acid behenic acid (22:0) were associated with less white matter lesion volume. Higher oleic acid (18:1n‐9c, a major monounsaturated fatty acid), was related to more hippocampal volume. Higher concentrations of the n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3c) were associated with more amyloid‐ß deposition, while higher concentrations of linoleic acid (18:2n‐6cc; a major n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid) were associated with less amyloid‐ß deposition (adjusted difference per 1 SD higher linoleic acid: ‐0.10 standardized uptake value ratio; 95% CI:‐0.19, ‐0.01).ConclusionSpecific antioxidants and phospholipids may be associated with brain imaging biomarkers, a hypothesis that requires formal testing in long‐term intervention studies and that represents a possible preventive intervention,

Efficient method for isolation of high-quality RNA from Psidium guajava L. tissues.

Acquiring high-quality RNA in sufficient amounts is crucial in plant molecular biology and genetic studies. Several methods for RNA extraction from plants are available in the literature, mainly due to the great biochemical diversity present in each species and tissue, which can complicate or prevent the extraction. Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae family) is a perennial fruit tree of medicinal and economic value; nevertheless, only a few molecular studies are available for the species. One reason is the difficulty in obtaining RNA due to the content of the samples, which are rich in polyphenols, polysaccharides, and secondary metabolites. Furthermore, there are few studies available for the isolation of RNA from guava or Psidium samples, which hampers advances in the study of the genus. Here, quality and yields of RNA isolates were compared using six extraction protocols: two protocols based on the application of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) lysis buffer, one protocol which uses the TRIzol reagent, one which applies guanidine thiocyanate lysis buffer followed by organic phase extraction, and two commercial kits (PureLink RNA Mini Kit and RNeasy Plant Mini Kit). The CTAB-based method provided the highest RNA yields and quality for five different tissues (flower bud, immature leaf, young leaf, mature leaf, and root), genotypes, and stress conditions. For the most efficient protocol, the average yield of RNA from guava leaves was 203.06 μg/g of tissue, and the A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios were 2.1 and 2.2, respectively. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that the purity of the samples was sufficient for molecular biology experiments. CTAB-based methods for RNA isolation were found to be the most efficient, providing the highest RNA yields and quality for tissues from P. guajava. Additionally, they were compatible for downstream RNA-based applications, besides being simple and cost-effective.

Advances in Understanding of the Application of Unit Operations in Metallurgy of Rare Earth Elements

Unit operations (UO) are mostly used in non-ferrous extractive metallurgy (NFEM) and usually separated into three categories: (1) hydrometallurgy (leaching under atmospheric and high pressure conditions, mixing of solution with gas and mechanical parts, neutralization of solution, precipitation and cementation of metals from solution aiming purification, and compound productions during crystallization), (2) pyrometallurgy (roasting, smelting, refining), and (3) electrometallurgy (aqueous electrolysis and molten salt electrolysis). The high demand for critical metals, such as rare earth elements (REE), indium, scandium, and gallium raises the need for an advance in understanding of the UO in NFEM. The aimed metal is first transferred from ores and concentrates to a solution using a selective dissolution (leaching or dry digestion) under an atmospheric pressure below 1 bar at 100 °C in an agitating glass reactor and under a high pressure (40–50 bar) at high temperatures (below 270 °C) in an autoclave and tubular reactor. The purification of the obtained solution was performed using neutralization agents such as sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate or more selective precipitation agents such as sodium carbonate and oxalic acid. The separation of metals is possible using liquid (water solution)/liquid (organic phase) extraction (solvent extraction (SX) in mixer-settler) and solid-liquid filtration in chamber filter-press under pressure until 5 bar. Crystallization is the process by which a metallic compound is converted from a liquid into a crystalline state via a supersaturated solution. The final step is metal production using different methods (aqueous electrolysis for basic metals such as copper, zinc, silver, and molten salt electrolysis for REE and aluminum). Advanced processes, such as ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, microwave assisted leaching, and can be combined with reduction processes in order to produce metallic powders. Some preparation for the leaching process is performed via a roasting process in a rotary furnace, where the sulfidic ore was first oxidized in an oxidic form which is a suitable for the metal transfer to water solution. UO in extractive metallurgy of REE can be successfully used not only for the metal wining from primary materials, but also for its recovery from secondary materials.

Multi-stage cross-flow separation of lithium isotopes by organic liquid film method

In this paper, a novel method, multi-stage cross-flow separation of lithium isotopes by organic liquid film method was investigated. A green organic extraction phase was formed with ionic liquid-B15C5-anisole, and the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide solution was used as a multi-stage cross-flow balance liquid. The abundance of 6Li in the 20-stage cross-flow extraction increased from 7.51% to 8.17%. The effect of the concentration of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide on the stripping of lithium ions in the organic extraction phase and the loss of lithium ions during the multi-stage cross-flow process was studied. Also, the number of theoretical cross-flow stages of the abundance of 6Li (30%) that can be used as nuclear fuel was predicted.

Study on Extraction Separation of Thioarsenite Acid in Alkaline Solution by -Type Tri-n-Octylmethyl-Ammonium Chloride.

To overcome the problem of arsenic separation and enrichment from an alkaline leaching solution in arsenic-containing dust, a -type tri-n-octylmethyl-ammonium chloride (TOMAC) method for extracting thioarsenite is proposed in this paper. Considering an alkaline leaching solution as the research object, after vulcanization pretreatment, TOMAC transformation and organic phase saturated extraction capacity were measured, and the extraction mechanism was preliminarily studied. First, Cl−-type quaternary ammonium salt was effectively transformed to -type by treating organic phase with saturated NaHCO3five times. TOMAC was effectively transformed from to type by alkaline washing with 1.0 mol/l NaOH solution; this washing was repeated thrice. Thereafter, the effects of organic phase composition, phase ratio, extraction time, and temperature on the extraction and separation of arsenic were investigated. The results show that under the conditions of 30% -type TOMAC + 15% sec-octanol + 55% sulfonated kerosene, VO/VA = 1/1, and 5 min extraction at room temperature, the single-stage extraction rate of AsIII is 85.2%. The AsIII concentration in raffinate can be reduced to less than 1.33 × 10−3 mol/l by four-stage countercurrent extraction, and the extraction rate of AsIII can exceed 98.4%.