Organic-mineral Complex Research Articles

Effectiveness of PhosAgro NPK and Gumiton under cultivating potatoes in radioactive soil contamination conditions

Based on the results of three-year production tests, the effectiveness of the use of PhosAgro NPK complex fertilizer and a new organ-mineral complex based on Gumiton peat in potato cultivation technologies on radioactively contaminated sod-podzolic soils in the Novozybkovsky district of the Bryansk region was assessed. Soils differed in the level of fertility and in the density of137Cs pollution. It was shown that leaf treatment of 1 l/ha Gumiton plantings in the potato budding phase without fertilizer contributed to a 19 – 58% increase in tuber yield relative to control, depending on the year. The introduction of PhosAgro NPK fertilizer at a dose of 0.5 t/ha ensured an increase in potato yield by 22 – 42% relative to the control. The joint use of fertilizer and the drug increased the tuber harvest by 12 – 19%, compared to the PhosAgro NPK variant and by 37 – 68% relative to control. The multiplicity of the decrease in137Cs intake into tubers during the treatment of potato plantings with Gumiton was up to 6.4 times in relation to the control, with the combined use of the drug and fertilizer – up to 3.4 times in comparison with the PhosAgro NPK variant. The use of Gumiton and PhosAgro NPK guaranteed the production of potato tubers with137Cs content in accordance with SanPiN 2.3.2 standards. 2650-10. The use of the Gumiton organic-mineral complex and PhosAgro NPK complex fertilizer for production of regulatory clean potato products should be recommended on radioactively contaminated sod-podzolic soils of the Bryansk region.

Ecotechnology of organic-mineral complex fertilizer production

Ecotechnology of organic-mineral complex fertilizer production

The effect of using of organic and mineral origin raw materials in agriculture on soil fertility

The presented work relates to ecology, chemical technology, in particular, methods for the production of fertilizers from sewage sludge and agriculture.The scale of production activity increases with population growth, so the problem of optimizing the interaction between man and nature is relevant and its solution is of great importance in improving the environment. Wastewater is one of the by-products of anthropogenic activities. When it is cleaned, a precipitate (sludge) is formed. The volume and the toxicity of sludge are, of course, increasing due to urban growth and the intensification of industrial production. About 25-30 kg of dry sediment is formed per person per year in European countries.There is no single rational and environmentally safe, currently tested technology for sludge disposal in our republic, and its appearance is unlikely to be created shortly since the sediments of different treatment facilities have different physicochemical and biological properties, as well as entirely different qualitative and quantitative compositions of elements.Purifying and disposing of such waste (sludge) is a serious environmental problem. The main principles of its solution are a set of environmental and economic interests of society, environmentally safe disposal and use of sludge, and their involvement in the economic cycle. The problem of using waste for fertilizer has various aspects and it is inseparable from the problem of soil fertility and ecology.The exceptional importance of organic matter in increasing soil fertility has long been known. In this regard, application of organic-mineral complexes that affect the productivity and quality of plants, determination of effective fertilizer norms and application of new technologies are an urgent issue and are of great theoretical and practical importance.The fertility of the soil is very dependent on the intensity of the biological processes taking place in it. Sufficient moisture, organic matter and a favorable reaction of the soil solution are required for the activity of microorganisms in the soil.He worked on the technology of organic-mineral complex preparation and applied it under agricultural plants (cotton) in order to achieve the set goal in the direction of solving this issue.

Effects of Long-Term Application of Earthworm Bio-Organic Fertilization Technology on Soil Quality and Organo-Mineral Complex in Tea Garden

Soil quality is crucial for plant productivity and environmental quality sustainability. Applying bio-organic fertilizer to achieve sustainable agriculture has become popular. Tea garden soil which had been fertilized for 12 years was chosen for the study, and soil quality and microaggregate composition were studied. The results showed that earthworm bio-organic fertilizer treatment could increase the indicators of soil’s physical and chemical properties such as total carbon and total nitrogen in soil. Bio-organic fertilization technology could significantly increase the number and activity of soil microorganisms, and upgrade soil enzyme activity which was related to soil nutrients. Specifically, the activities of urease in soil were markedly enhanced due to the implication of bio-organic fertilizer. Additionally, SR-FTIR analysis revealed that clay minerals were connected as nuclei with the capacity to bind carbon, and that this interaction was aided by organic fertilization. Specifically, the replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer can improve the ability of clay minerals and iron/aluminum/silicon oxides to protect aliphatic groups, polysaccharides and proteins. In conclusion, continuous organic amendments initialize a positive feedback loop for the maintenance of the organic–mineral complex in soils, which can contribute to enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. These results confirmed the feasibility of organic fertilizer for soil quality improvement in tea plantation ecosystems.

Curbing High‐Fat Induced Perturbations in Aortic Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Adolescent Male Sprague‐Dawley Rats: Soil as Therapy?

Directly attached to the outer wall of blood vessels, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a unique variant of fat that is an important paracrine modulator of vascular physiology. Due to the proximity and endocrine‐like characteristics of this tissue, PVAT can contribute to the regulation vascular contractility and endothelial function. PVAT can also assume several properties of brown adipose tissue, including increased vascularization, small lipid droplet formation, mitochondrial density, and production of cardiometabolic signaling intermediates. Importantly, these properties promote the metabolic activity of this tissue which appear to be associated with improved vascular health. However, such properties may be diminished by chronic deleterious stimuli such as a high‐fat diet (HFD) and disease conditions like metabolic syndrome. Under such pressures, PVAT may serve a more insidious role in vascular dysfunction and promote the development of cardiovascular disease. Chronic diet‐induced changes in the vasculature and associated tissues like PVAT may be occurring early in the life cycle, promoting degeneration and disease‐associated remodeling. Currently, examination of these tissues early in life remain relatively unexplored and may offer important insight into the identification of prevention strategies and therapeutic targets. Previously, our lab identified increased expression of genes in the aorta of HFD fed adolescent Sprague‐Dawley rats, highlighting potential pathways and signaling intermediates that may impact the development of early vascular dysfunction. Moreover, we have demonstrated that an organic mineral complex (OMC) derived from plant and soil fractions prevented symptoms of metabolic syndrome in these animals. OMC is a complex of minerals, trace elements, organic acids (particularly fulvic acid), nitrates, and various microbial degradation products from plant and animal origins. The objective of the current study is to investigate the effects of a HFD and OMC on the expression of key proteins in aortic PVAT that play a role in adipose beiging, metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis, and are thus expected to provide critical insight into early mitigation of vascular disease progression. Six‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 36) were divided into two dietary groups: Chow or HFD fed for 10 weeks. Animals were further divided (n = 6/group) and administered 0, 0.6, or 3.0 mg/mL OMC in their drinking water. After the 10‐week intervention PVAT surrounding the aorta was extracted from the animals and Western blot analyses were performed using antibodies for the proteins UCP1, SDHA, PI3K, GLUT4, and b‐actin (as a loading control). Overall, we hypothesize that OMC supplementation will minimize decreases in these key proteins involved in health associated PVAT metabolism and function.

Organomineral compost and its effects for the content of heavy metals in the top layer leached chernozem

To date, the most reliable and environmentally friendly way to increase soil fertility and reduce the concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals is the use of organic fertilizers. The article discusses the results of field trials of compost composed of semi-rotted cattle manure, phosphogypsum and alfalfa hay. It was revealed that organic fertilization increases the concentration of organic matter in the upper layer of chernozem leached in the agrocenosis of maize. This enhances the sorption of the organic mineral complex of the soil and decreases the mass fraction of some heavy metals (HM). It is noted that the use of compost in doses of 40 and 60 t/ha helps to reduce the mass concentration of zinc, copper and manganese. The excess of the permissible concentration of highly toxic and dangerous for humans HM was not detected in any field variant.

ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ МИНЕРАЛИЗОВАННОЙ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ

A comparative analysis of the mineralization of wood with a solution of an organic mineral complex in various modes is carried out: spontaneous (by immersion in a container with a solution) and forced (during autoclave treatment under excessive pressure using an inert gas) modes. This analysis will reveal the optimal parameters of wood mineralization, which, in turn, will help to solve the problem of increasing the durability and reliability of wood materials intended for use in extreme climatic conditions. The composition of the modifying solution is natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan and polymineral quartz-containing sand (10 % arabinogalactan and 10 % polymineral sand). It is found that during 24 hours of processing, the density of pine wood increases by 18 % (with spontaneous flow of the process, this parameter increases by only
 10 %). An increase in the density of samples leads to an increase in their compressive strength by 80 % (during spontaneous processing) and by 91 % (during autoclaving). The Brinell hardness of the prototypes increases more than three times (regardless of the conditions of the process). A detailed description of the individual stages of the process of thermal decomposition of the wood of the prototypes is obtained. It is found that for modified samples (compared with control ones), the degree of thermal destruction is significantly reduced.

Dietary supplementation with increasing doses of an organic micromineral complex on juvenile Nile tilapia: Effects on the antioxidant defense system and tissue deposition

The effect of increasing amounts (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of dietary supplementation with an organic micromineral complex (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se) on antioxidant defenses and mineral deposition in tissues of Nile tilapia juveniles was evaluated, where 100% supplementation represented the average adopted by the feed industry in Brazil. Fish (initial weight 23.93 ± 0.80 g) were fed until apparent satiation twice a day for 56 days. The maximum deposition of Fe and Zn in the hepatopancreas occurred in fish given approximately 50% supplementation, whereas the deposition of Mn and Se increased linearly with the inclusion of the complex. The activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the hepatopancreas decreased in fish fed the 50% dose, when compared to those not receiving mineral supplementation or those receiving higher doses. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the hepatopancreas increased as the dietary Se concentration increased. However, the concentration of metallothionein in the hepatopancreas showed an inverse relationship to the increase in dietary supplementation of the organic mineral complex. There was no relationship between the doses of organic micromineral supplementation and the activities of GPx, reduced glutathione, non-protein thiols, or protein carbonylation. However, diets supplemented with 50% to 100% promoted greater GPx activity when compared to the 0% supplemented diet. Supplementation with intermediate doses of organic microminerals, approximately 50% of that used in commercial tilapia diets, promoted the homeostasis of metal metabolism, especially for Fe and Zn.

Effects of liquid organic mineral complex (MultiMix®) on milk yield, composition and cheesemaking capacity of milk in dairy cows

Abstract. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of liquid organic mineral complex (MultiMix®) on the milk yield, composition and cheesemaking capacity of milk in dairy cows. Thirty Holstein cows (8 primiparous and 22 multiparous) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with 15 cows per treatment. Feeding was ad libitum targeting 5% refusals. Milk yield data and samples for fat, true protein, solids not fat (SNF), lactose content and parameters characterizing the milk’s coagulation properties were collected throughout the experiment. Data suggested that MultiMix® administered through the cows’ drinking water had a positive effect on the milk productivity with a high degree of significance (p<0.001). A positive effect on the indicators characterizing the quality composition of milk has also been observed (p<0.001). Additionally, the cheesemaking capacity of milk was enhanced by supplementing animal water with MultiMix® (p<0.001). Overall, the new liquid organic mineral complex used in the present experiment showed promising results for improvement of milk production and composition in dairy cows but further studies are needed to unveil the physiologic mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects.

土壤铁矿物形态转化影响有机碳固定研究进展

铁是地壳中丰度第四高的元素，其可通过多种方式影响土壤有机碳累积，尤其铁氧化物与土壤有机碳相互作用形成的稳定有机-矿物复合物，被认为是土壤可溶性有机碳长期固定的关键地球化学机制。促进土壤固定有机碳不仅可以提高土壤质量和肥力，还是应对全球气候变化的主要策略之一。然而，铁活跃的氧化还原反应和多样化的赋存形态，使其转化过程对土壤有机碳累积和稳定性的影响结果受到诸多生物和非生物因素调控。从不同角度，结合多学科的研究成果，综述了近年来国内外关于铁矿物形态转化影响土壤有机碳固定的相关研究，包括铁矿物形态转化过程、土壤有机碳固定机制、铁矿物形态转化影响土壤有机碳固定的机制及其主要影响因素（各种环境条件、自身的铁矿物性质、碳源质量等方面），强调铁在土壤有机碳固定过程中的重要作用。对铁固定土壤有机碳的相关研究提出了建议，为今后研究提供相关参考。;Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust, which can affect soil organic carbon accumulation in a variety of ways. The stable organic-mineral complex formed by the interaction between iron oxides and soil organic carbon is considered to be the key mechanism for long-term storage of soil dissolved organic carbon. Promoting soil organic carbon sequestration can not only improve soil quality and fertility, but also be an important strategy to address global climate change. However, the effects of iron mineral transformation on the accumulation and stability of soil organic carbon are regulated by many biotic and abiotic factors, due to the active redox reactions of iron and its diverse forms. This paper summarized the recent progresses on the effects of iron mineral transformation on soil organic carbon sequestration, from different perspective and multi-disciplinary research results, including the transformation processes of iron minerals, the mechanisms of organic carbon sequestration, and the main regulative factors of iron mineral transformation affecting soil organic carbon sequestration (environmental conditions, iron mineral properties, carbon substrate quality, etc.), and emphasized the important roles of iron in the soil organic carbon sequestration. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the study of soil organic carbon sequestration by iron for future research.

The assessment of the influence of the Gumiton organomineral complex on the development of root rot and structural elements of the winter wheat yield

It has been shown that pre-sowing treatment increases field germination by 5.5%, and the preservation of plants after overwintering increases by 4.3%. Gumiton strengthened the work of the assimilation apparatus of the flag leaf due to an increase in leaf area by 29.3-49.1% and extended the life of plants. As a part of a tank mixture (Tabu Super, 1.5 l / t + Tertia, 2.5 l t), the drug allowed to reduce the prevalence of the root rot disease to 2.45-1.05% in comparison with the control. The organomineral complex provided the formation of a larger and more leveled grain with a mass of 1000 grains of 47.0-47.5 g, 43.9 g in the control; the grain nature is more than 780 g / dm 3, 751.7 g / dm 3, in the control. The use of Gumiton (seeds + tillering + piping) against the background of N 96 P 96 K 96 provided a high yield increase by 37.8%. To reduce the expenses of foliar fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers, the Gumiton organic-mineral complex should be recommended, since it is an element of greening in intensive technologies of winter wheat cultivation.

Novel Organic Mineral Complex Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Changes in the Gut and Liver of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with the onset of gastrointestinal diseases, such as hepatic steatosis and gut inflammation. Prior research shows that a proprietary soil-derived organic mineral complex (OMC) prevents hyperglycemia, endotoxemia, and liver injury in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. The aim of this study was to further examine the effects of OMC on the liver and gastrointestinal health of these rats. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were divided into two dietary groups: Chow or HFD fed for 10 weeks. Animals were further divided (n = 6/group) and administered 0, 0.6, or 3.0 mg/mL OMC in their drinking water. The 10-week HFD resulted in significant liver fat accumulation. Both OMC doses prevented hepatic increases in the glycation end product Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) induced by HFD (p < 0.05). Low-dose OMC was associated with higher expression of occludin in the small intestine of rats fed either diet (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.042). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) indicated significant differences in fecal microbial composition of untreated HFD-fed rats in comparison to untreated Chow rats at 10 weeks (LDA score > 2.0 : 18). After 10 weeks, untreated HFD-fed rats were also more abundant in bacteria associated with obesity and metabolic disease in comparison to corresponding week 0 samples (LDA score > 2.0 : 31), 10-week untreated Chow (LDA > 2.0 : 18), or 10-week OMC-treated HFD-fed rats (0.6 mg/mL; LDA > 2.0 : 80, 3.0 mg/mL; LDA > 2.0 : 8). Low-dose OMC prevented the HFD-induced increase in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio (p < 0.0416). Study animals treated with OMC exhibited no significant changes in the gut microbiota at week 10, although gut inflammatory biomarkers were not significantly altered by diet or OMC treatment. These results indicate that OMC supplementation ameliorates glycosylation reactions and modifies HFD-induced alterations in the intestinal microbiota.

ВИВЧЕННЯ ФІЗИКО-МЕХАНІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ВИСОКОНАПОВНЕНИХ ШЛАКОВМІЩУЮЧИХ ЦЕМЕНТІВ, МОДИФІКОВАНИХ ОРГАНО-МІНЕРАЛЬНИМИ ДОБАВКАМИ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТОВ «МЦ БАУХЕМІ»

Abstract. The physical and mechanical characteristics of highly filled slag cements modified by the organic-mineral complex of LLC “MC Bauhemi” have been investigated. As a result of optimization, the area of permissible concentrations of organic-mineral additives was established according to the maximum criteria for the timing of the beginning and end of setting and strength in compression at the age of 7 and 28 days. It is shown that the expansion of the beginning of setting and its end is positively influenced by the presence of the plasticizer MC-PowerFlow 2695 from 0.43 to 0.8% and the organic-mineral complex Centrilit NC and Centrilit Fume SX in an amount from 3 / 5.25 to 5.2 / 7%, that with a simultaneous increase in the slag content from 50 to 70% in the composition of Portland cement, the start-end time of setting increases from 225/250 to 320/330 minutes, which is 1.3 / 1.5 times higher than similar indicators of no additive Portland cement. It was noted that at the age of 7 and 28 days, the introduction of an organic-mineral complex of the composition MC-PowerFlow 2695 from 0.28 to 0.64%, Centrilit NC from 4.23 to 7% and Centrilit Fume SX from 3 to 7% and at the content of GDSH in the amount of 50 and 70% contributes to the production of an artificial stone of the M500 brand with compressive strength in the range of 47 / 52.8 and 46/48 MPa. Using the method of superposition of response functions, the optimal area of permissible concentrations of the components of the Bauhemi organic-mineral complex, affecting the stated criteria, was determined when the slag content in Portland cement was 50 and 70%, namely: 0.6% MC-PowerFlow 2695, 5% Centrilit NC and 5 % Centrilit Fume SX. Further research will be aimed at studying the effect of this complex on the physical and mechanical properties with a slag content of 50 and 70% in the composition of Portland cement.

On the origin of matrix mechanism in protocells and key problems of molecular biology

The theory of the emergence of the matrix mechanism in protocells on complexes of minerals (apatite, carbonate-apatite, calcite, and quartz) with the reciprocal proportions and with the participation of the gas phase radicals (NH3, CH4, and CO) is considered. The structure of apatite and carbonate-apatite predetermined the formation of a double helix of DNA with the complementary pairs of purine-pyrimidine bases, as well as RNA strands complementary to DNA, and helical protein chains combined into supramolecular structures with RNA. It is proposed that during the Archean Eon, a gradual replacement of the mineral matrix with organic matter took place. The site of the origin of the matrix mechanism is the defect-free and growing defective zone of apatite and carbonate-apatite. The size and specificity of DNA, complementary-bound RNA and protein molecules in supramolecular protein-RNA complexes increased as defects accumulated in the structure of minerals. An increase in the size of RNA transcripts was accompanied by an increase in the number of protein molecules in supramolecular protein-RNA complexes. At the first, anhydrous, stage, the formation of a transcriptional-translational apparatus in the form of a crystalline organic-mineral complex -DNA, RNA and protein, based on the “spiral into spiral” principle of gas phase elements. The appearance of water determined the launch of the transcriptional-translational apparatus and the transformation of the organo-mineral crystalline complex into a liquid-crystalline state. A detailed description of the preparation and launch of the matrix mechanism is given. The following problems are discussed: the origin of ribosomal proteins and the role of super-specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase as a true carrier of genetic information; properties of the genetic code and synthesis of protocells without violating the second law of thermodynamics; the origin of biological asymmetry; the appearance of nanobacteria and dark genetic matter of eukaryotic systems. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

The influence of sebelmin complex on meat traits of pigs and the economic effectiveness of pork production

In matters of animal feeding, scientists and practitioners pay great attention to the problem of improving the eff ectiveness of feed use by improving the digestibility and absorption of nutrients in diets when including enzymes, antioxidants, stabilizers, prebiotics and probiotics, fl avorings and other additives that optimize digestion and metabolism. Recently, it is important to use organic compounds of trace elements in animal diets in the form of chelated compounds, which allow reducing the rate of their input into the diet, ensuring more complete absorption of nutrients and realizing the genetic potential of animal productivity. The purpose of the researches was to establish the infl uence of the organicmineral complex Sebelmin on the meat traits of pigs and the economic eff ectiveness of pork production. Researches have been carried out on the basis of FSUE EF “Klyenovo-Chegodaevo” in the Podolsky area in the Moscow region for fattening livestock of pigs (crossbreds Landrace×Large White breeds). Two groups of animals (control and experimental) have been formed on the principle of pairs of analogs taking into account the origin of yelts, their age, and live weight at the beginning of experiment. It has been found after the control slaughter that the weight of the chilled carcass of pigs in the experimental group was signifi cantly higher and amounted to 81,93 kg against 75,59 kg in the control group (Р ≤ 0,05), which was by 6,34 kg or 8,38 % more. It has been revealed the increase in the slaughter yield in the experimental group was 0,78 abs.%. as a result of calculating the economic eff ectiveness of the results obtained that the use of organic-mineral complex Sebelmin as part of complete diet compound feed for fattened pigs allows us to get additional profi t from the sale of pork in the amount of 436,58 rubles per 1 head.

Влияние нового органоминерального комплекса «Гумитон» на продуктивность и качество зерновых культур на различных типах почв

Annotation. Purpose of research. Assessment of the effect of a new organic-mineral complex based on “Gumiton” peat on the yield and quality of spring and winter crops on various types of soil in the Kaluga and Rostov regions of the Russian Federation. On the basis of field experiments in farms of various forms of ownership in different soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation, the influence of “Gumiton” on the productivity and quality of grain crops was evaluated. Method of research. Laying and conducting field experiments were carried out according to Dospekhov B. A., agrochemical indicators of soils were determined by the method of Moscow State University, after harvesting, grain quality indicators were determined (the content of raw protein, fat, ash, dry matter) according to GOST R 50817-95, statistical processing of research results was performed using the Microsoft Excel 2007 program with a 95 % level of significance of the results. Results. It was shown that the sheet processing “Gumiton” of barley plants in the phase of stooling on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in a field experiment on the basis of Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture has increased the crop yield by 21 % and increased protein content in grain by 2 % compared to the control. Treatment of barley plants with “Gumiton” in the stages of entering the tube and earing in experiments on gray forest medium-loamy soil on the basis of Kaluga research Institute increased the yield by 11–17 % and the protein content in the grain to 2.2 %. In production tests of “Gumiton” on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil in the Fetisov Brothers farm in the Duminichsky district of the Kaluga region, processing of oat crops during the tillering phase with “Gumiton” increased the grain yield by 18%. Processing of winter wheat crops of various varieties with the drug in the phase of release into the tube in the farm “Ageeva A. V.” of Babyninsky district and in the farm “Fetisov Brothers” of Duminichsky district of the Kaluga region increased the crop yield by 18–21 %. The treatment of crops of winter wheat of different varieties with “Gumiton” in the earing phase in dark chestnut medium loam soil in farm “Rostok” of the Oryol district of Rostov region increased crop yield by 11–15 % depending on the predecessor. Scientific novelty. For the first time on the basis of analysis of data of field experiments in different soil and climatic conditions of Russia the high efficiency of the organo-mineral complex “Gumiton” as the effect on productivity of crops and enhancing the quality of products in agricultural lands in different soil types.

Modification Of Wood By Organic-Mineral Complex

The aim of this work was assess the ability to improve the physicomechanical properties of wood by natural mineralization of the wood matrix under the influence of the organic-mineral complex of the composition arabinogalactan-silica-containing polymineral sand. As a criterion for optimizing the prescription factor, the value of the relative density change of the modified wood was used. For the experiments, prototypes of common pine wood were made. The organic component of the organic-mineral complex was arabinogalactan isolated from larch wood by water extraction. The mineral component of the complex was silica-containing polymineral rock with a silica content of more than 90 %. It has been established that the process of mineralization of the wood matrix with a water-soluble organic-mineral complex based on arabinogalactan and a polymineral silica-containing rock can occur spontaneously, while the maximum relative increase in wood density achieved in 24 hours is limited to 12 %. This increase in the density of wood allows it to increase its strength along the fibers and hardness by 47 % and 71 %, respectively. The obtained mathematical expressions relating the strength and hardness of wood after mineralization with a relative change in its density, which can be the basis for predicting these properties of wood material during its modification.

Efecto de un fulvato de hierro sobre calidad y producción de frutos de chile ‘Serrano’

&#x0D; Los chiles verdes en fresco, en México, son de importancia no solo porque son parte de la dieta alimenticia, sino por la mano de obra que genera su producción; sin embargo, los suelos de los estados productores presentan pH alcalino y esto provoca la fijación del hierro (Fe), el cual es un elemento vital en la calidad de los frutos. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de un fulvato de fierro (FFe), en la calidad de frutos de chile ‘serrano’ para el cual se utilizaron dosis crecientes de una mezcla de ácidos fúlvicos y sulfato ferroso (FFe) a 200, 400, 600, 800, 1 000 y 1 200 mg kg-1 adicionados en cuatro ocasiones al suelo: al momento del trasplante, a los 15, 45 y 60 ddt. y una solución nutritiva (SN) como control. Las variables de rendimiento y calidad medidas al fruto: peso fresco (PFF), peso seco (PSF), longitud (LF), diámetro (DF), firmeza (FI), sólidos solubles totales (SST) y el fierro (Fe) y el calcio (Ca), al tejido vegetal de follaje. Con la dosis alta de 1 200 mg kg-1 se obtuvo el valor más alto de PFF, LF y DF, mientras que con la dosis de 1 000 mg kg-1 se obtuvo el valor más alto de PSF, FI obtuvo el valor más alto con la dosis de 400 mg kg-1 y con la dosis más baja del complejo orgánico-mineral se obtuvieron los valores más altos de SST y NF. Con respecto a la concentración de nutrientes en tejido foliar la dosis de 1000 mg kg-1 provoco valores óptimos de Fe y cercano al óptimo de Ca, mientras con las dosis más bajas de 200 y 400 mg kg-1 la concentración de ambos minerales se presentó en exceso.

Stability of biochar and the mechanisms underlying its response to mineral modification: A review.

Biochar, with high degree of carbon stability, is considered as a kind of carbon sequestration material that can effectively alleviate the greenhouse effect. It is of great significance for carbon sequestration and mitigation to develop biochar with high carbon retention and stability. Mineral modification can regulate the stability of biochar. However, the relevant research has not received enough attention, and the underlying mechanism is not very clear. Firstly, the evaluation indices of biochar stability were summarized, mainly including H/C atomic ratio, O/C atomic ratio, coefficient of stability R50, volatile-matter content, thermal weight loss rate of carbon, carbon (chemical) oxidation loss rate, and cumulative CO2 emission of microbial mineralization. Then, based on the analysis of impact factors of biochar stability (such as raw material type, carbonization condition, external environment, etc.), we reviewed research progress about the effects of mineral modification on biochar stability. Furthermore, possible mechanisms of both enhancement and weakening effects on biochar stability were put forward. Enhancement is mainly due to the effects of physical barrier of minerals and the organic mineral complex formed by the interaction of mineral and biochar. While weakening effect is mainly due to special mineral composition, such as the Fe-bearing mineral composition, which promotes the thermal decomposition of biochar at high temperature. Finally, future research directions were proposed, in order to promote the development of carbon sequestration technology of biochar and provide technical support and theoretical basis for obtaining more stable biochar.

A novel organic mineral complex prevented high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia, endotoxemia, liver injury and endothelial dysfunction in young male Sprague-Dawley rats.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) has risen 35% since 2012 and over two-thirds of Americans exhibit features characterizing this condition (obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and/or endothelial dysfunction). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel dietary supplemental organic mineral complex (OMC) on these risk factors in a rodent model of MetSyn. Six-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either standard chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) composed of 60% kcal from fat for 10 weeks. Rats were also treated with OMC in their drinking water at either 0 mg/mL (control), 0.6 mg/mL, or 3.0 mg/mL. The HFD-treated rats exhibited significantly increased body mass (p<0.05), epididymal fat pad mass (p<0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.010), in addition to elevations in plasma endotoxins (p<0.001), ALT activity (p<0.001), fasting serum glucose (p = 0.025) and insulin concentrations (p = 0.009). OMC did not affect body weight or adiposity induced by the HFD. At the higher dose OMC significantly blunted HFD-induced hyperglycemia (p = 0.021), whereas both low and high doses of OMC prevented HFD-induced endotoxemia (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively) and hepatocyte injury (ALT activity, p<0.01). Despite evidence of oxidative stress (elevated urinary H2O2 p = 0.032) in HFD-fed rats, OMC exhibited no demonstrable antioxidative effect. Consistent with prior studies, mesenteric arteries from HFD rats had more uncoupled eNOS (p = 0.006) and iNOS protein expression (p = 0.027) in addition to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation that was abrogated by the high dose of OMC (p<0.05). This effect of OMC may be attributed to the high nitrate content of the supplement. These findings suggest that the OMC supplement, particularly at the higher dose, ameliorated several risk factors associated with MetSyn via a non-antioxidant-dependent mechanism.