Ordinary Things Research Articles

The Religious Sacred in the Novels of Khudair Falih Al-Zaidi

The religious sanctity constitutes a spiritual and moral value in the life of the religious person from ancient times until our present era, regardless of religions and backgrounds. For the individual, it is considered a powerful energy that is distinguished by its presence from other ordinary things, as it constitutes the religious identity of that society. Khudair Falih Al-Zaidi is one of the writers whose literary and fictional productions were not devoid of mention, criticism, and treatment of it, and who extended his sensory and emotional perceptions from it and emanated from the core of the environment or, let us say, the society to which he belongs. Since every society has sacred things of a religious nature that are appreciated and respected, especially whether in themselves, such as (God Almighty, the holiness of the heavenly books, the prophets, and the family of the Prophet) or those whose holiness is believed. In a society as diverse in culture and religions as the writer’s Iraqi environment, and thus its diverse sanctities of beliefs, rites, and rituals.

An amalgamated correlation and regression based feature selection with ensemble learning approach for IoT network attack detection

AbstractThe advancements in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have led to the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), where ordinary things (e.g. smart meters, sensors etc.) can be connected and controlled over the internet. However, an IoT network is vulnerable to many malicious network attacks due to its inherent properties like limited computational abilities, heterogeneity, massive connectivity, etc. This paper presents a feature selection technique, which uses an amalgamation of LASSO regression and correlation based techniques, to find appropriate features for IoT network attack detection. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism was evaluated on benchmark IoT network datasets using different machine learning techniques. The results revealed that the Gradient Boosting ensemble learning model achieved a maximum attack detection accuracy of 99.98%, and outperformed the other studied models.

The Ordinariness of January 6: Rhetorics of Participation in Antidemocratic Culture

The January 6, 2021, Capitol riot appeared as an extraordinary and shocking event to many American citizens. In fact, the various framings of the riot such as “insurrection,” “sedition,” or “domestic terrorism” seem to confirm the unprecedented nature of the day. By contrast, in this article we argue that January 6 can be understood in terms of its ordinariness, that is, as “the most ordinary thing that could happen” when viewed in the context of right-wing politics. We first argue that the reliance on a universalized dichotomy between authoritarianism and democracy in current research on right-wing politics in the United States tends to reify those terms, and thus miss the ordinary and routine dimension of antidemocratic practices. We subsequently propose the concept antidemocratic cultures to understand how right-wing political dispositions are fabricated through and mediated by rhetorical acts including speech, written texts, and embodied everyday practice. We analyze the rhetoric of participation of riot participants by reading their text messages, social media posts, and interviews with law enforcement and news media, as detailed in their arrest sheets. The rhetoric of participation of riot participants reveals how political dispositions are fabricated through ordinary language use and how these identities congeal in antidemocratic cultures. In the last section, we further discuss how a theory of antidemocratic cultures provides a novel framework to understand contemporary right-wing politics.

Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Economic Growth and Financial Development to Instigate Entrepreneurial Activities for Global Sustainability

Entrepreneurship stands out in the diverse range of human pursuits, characterized by bold aspirations, steadfast determination, and a transformative mindset. This is the place where hurdles are transformed into bridges, uncertainties drive invention, and fear is replaced by bold jumps. Entrepreneurs use transmutation to convert ordinary things into extraordinary ones, creating paths to growth and sparking positive impact for everyone. This study aims to find the impact of economic growth, trade openness, and human capital on entrepreneurial activities. The study uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE), and Generalized Methods of Movement (GMM) estimation techniques to the annual unbalanced panel data of 217 countries from 1999 to 2022. The findings of this study show that economic growth instigate entrepreneurial activities. The GMM results from the table of baseline results show that one-unit change in economic growth brings 0.030 units positive and significant change in new business density which indicates that higher economic growth rate is connected with a higher rate of entrepreneurial activities. It demonstrates that the level of entrepreneurial activities in different economies around the world grows as the economic growth of those economies increases. On the other hand, the results of GMM show that the one-unit change in interaction terms of financial development with economic growth show 0.332 units positive and significant change entrepreneurial activities. These findings indicate that financial development plays an essential moderating role in instigating entrepreneurial activities. The study provides guidance to the individuals, institutions, policymakers, researchers and all the stakeholders who want to take initiatives for business activities.

A Critical Review of Elemental Odes by Pablo Neruda

This paper explores the reconstituted style of the classical Ode by the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda in his Odas Elementales. Pablo Neruda is the pen name of Ricardo Eliecer Neftali Reyes Basoalto. He was born in Parral, Chile on July 12, 1904. Pablo Neruda wrote his odes in the latter half of the twentieth century. His first volume of odes known as Elemental Odes published in 1954. In his odes, Neruda has explored and celebrated the wonder of ordinary things. The simplicity of his odes is very surprising to see that it is an ode, which traditionally meant a poem to be sung in an elevated manner for celebrating a person or an object. Pablo Neruda has written four volumes of Odes, Elemental Odes (1954), New Elemental Odes (1956), Third Book of Odes (1957), and Voyages and Homecomings (1959). In order to distinguish Neruda’s odes from that of the classical prototypes of the ode as a poetic form one needs to dwell briefly on its birth and growth as a poetic form. Therefore, the current research will focus on the comparative study between the traditional ode form and the odes written by Pablo Neruda in his poetry.

Smelling things

Abstract In this paper, we outline and defend a view on which in olfactory experience we can, and often do, smell ordinary things of various kinds—for instance, cookies, coffee, and cake burnings—and the olfactory properties they have. A challenge to this view are cases of smelling in the absence of the source of a smell, such as when a fishy smell lingers after the fish is gone. Such cases, many philosophers argue, show that what we perceive in olfactory experience are odour objects, and not ordinary things. On behalf of our opponent, we articulate a screening-off argument based on cases of lingering smells for the thesis that we do not smell ordinary things. We then develop an alternative account of these cases that is consistent with our view. In doing so, we call into question two claims that are typically built into the notion of an odour object.

Names exist when carving begins (shi zhi you ming 始制有名): A theory of names in Daodejing (道德經)

ABSTRACT Naming or names (ming 名) is one of the key concepts in Daodejing (道德經). According to a popular understanding, names in Daodejing correspond to features (xing 形) of things; ordinary things have names, but Dao is featureless and nameless. What is missing, however, is atheory of the relationship between names and features explaining why ordinary things have names but Dao does not. In this paper, I develop a theory of names in Daodejing that explains how names relate to things and their features. According to this theory, a name corresponds to a feature that is shared by a group of things, and names provide identity conditions for individuating ordinary things. Further, this theory implies that the various descriptions of Dao in Daodejing do not include names; therefore, talking about Dao while insisting that it is unnamable is not committed to any paradox.

МЕТАМОРФОЗЫ ВЕЩИ В КУЛЬТУРЕ: ОСОБЕННОСТИ СИМВОЛИЧЕСКОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ

The symbolic nature of a thing predetermines it for mimicry and metamorphosis – it is both here and there, in the past and the future, nothing and something, necessity and possibility, inviolability and changeability. A thing is the objective embodiment of the readiness to make direct contact with the outside world, to create a new reality, to recode entities. The ambivalence of the sign properties of a thing puts it in a borderline position – contact with it is motivated by human needs and the need to clarify, define, change something. The immobility of the very physical essence of a thing serves as a support and impetus for the transformation and doubling of the surrounding reality. The world of things appears to the world of people as a kind of stage for constructing the so-called augmented reality. In this regard, an ordinary thing can be not only an art object, but also a motivator and designer of new subject connections in artistic modeling. Moreover, the dual positionality of a thing makes it a convenient tool for all kinds of objective transformations and imitations, especially in ritual and sacred cultural practices. The author tries to clarify in this article some features of the transformation of the objective world of culture in the context of the symbolic and communicative properties of a thing.

Scrum Effectiveness Measurement in Human Resources Technology Product at Telecommunication Company

Information technology currently sues the release of application become faster to fulfill market demand. The term application has become an ordinary thing to be used daily to support various kinds of work activities. Agile software development has become a new standard to catch up stakeholder needs that are growing faster and tending to change. One of agile practices, Scrum, is the methods used by Human Resources Technology (HR Tech) product. However, since HR Tech was established by using Scrum, measurement needs to be done to understand its effectiveness. Measurement use knowledge area defined in PMBOK 6 and mapped to agile-scrum process as the baseline to find out the effectiveness. Research was done by spreading questionnaires to the internal team of HR Team. The supporting data used internal company report. Furthermore, the research was processed by using validity and reliability to evaluate scrum process inside the product. The results show the top three knowledge areas need to be concerned to increase scrum effectiveness, there are communication, schedule, and quality. According to the knowledge areas which HR Tech need to be improved, future research should be done to demonstrate the proposed recommendations are appropriate with the case study.

Change of paradigms in popular culture on the example of the concepts of "maiden-in-distress" and "maiden-warrior"

The article deals with two popular concepts in modern mass culture - "maiden-in-distress" and "maiden-warrior". These concepts are basic in the construction and creation of a product of mass culture. Meanwhile, there is a greater interest in the "maiden-warrior" phenomenon than in its opposite, "maiden-in-distress". The author shows that the study of femininity, feminine, the woman and her role and place in modern society and its interpretation in modern popular and mass culture is of scientific interest for researchers in literary criticism, cultural studies, philosophy, and sociology. The article provides examples of mass culture products where these archetypal images are used, as well as film and television adaptations of modern female images. It is shown how their interpretation is influenced by public opinion and modern and mainstream trends, which, most often, offer a "different vision" for ordinary and traditional things. The materials of the article can be useful within the framework of areas related to philosophy, history, and cultural studies.

Socio-psychological features in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

BACKGROUND. The effectiveness of the therapy of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) of various categories is largely related to the psychotraumatic nature of the disease and treatment, however, their social and psychological features and the need for psychological help have not been sufficiently studied.
 OBJECTIVE. To study the socio-psychological features of patients with pulmonary TB depending on the category of the case and the terms of treatment.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS. 200 patients with pulmonary TB were interviewed anonymously, including 45 (22.5 %) – with new cases, 27 (13.5 %) – with repeated treatment, 128 (64.0 %) – with multiple drug resistance (MDR-TB), according to the special form of primary social and psychological assessment of a patient with TB – Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. The difference in the presence of unfavorable social factors among TB patients of different categories was revealed: low income, unemployment, disability, bad habits, retirement age, negative social history (were in prisons, migrants or internally displaced, lack of permanent work) met 2-3 times more often among repeated cases of the disease and MDR-TB, than in patients with new cases of the disease. Depressive disorders at the initial stage of treatment were found in 95.0 % of all TB patients, and mostly the signs of depression were pronounced, as evidenced by: very low interest or satisfaction in ordinary things in 52.0 %; bad mood, depression or a feeling of helplessness in 91.5 %; difficulty falling asleep, interrupted or too long sleep in 90.0 %; a feeling of fatigue or exhaustion – loss of strength in 94.5 %; poor appetite or, on the contrary, overeating in 89.5 %; negative thoughts about oneself in 57.5 %; difficulty concentrating in 57.0 %. The duration of these symptoms for more than 7 days during the last 2 weeks in many interviewees indicates a significant expressiveness of depressive disorders in the vast majority of TB patients. The dependence of the psychological state of TB patients on the category of the case and the duration of treatment was established and statistically proven. In patients with repeated treatment and MDR-TB, symptoms of depressive disorders were not only more frequent, but also more severe than in patients with new cases. If 74.8 % of patients with repeated cases and 57.0 % of patients with MDR-TB had mild and moderate depression, then 77.8 % of patients with new cases had mild (subclinical) depression. In patients who were treated for more than 4 months, signs of depressive disorders were more pronounced compared to those who were treated for less.
 CONCLUSIONS. This study not only confirms the need for differentiated psychological support of the treatment process in phthisiology (depending on the category of the case and the duration of treatment), but also encourages the search for new approaches to the medical, social and psychological rehabilitation of TB patients, taking into account the negative impact of the war in Ukraine on the social and psychological condition of such patients and the characteristics of their management in wartime conditions. There is a need to introduce rates of psychologists and psychiatrists for constant counseling of TB patients.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CONTEMPORARY CHRISTIAN CHILDREN’S STORY – STJEPAN LICE AND SONJA TOMIĆ

The aim of this paper 1 is to explore some of the ways in which Christian values are present in contemporary Croatian children’s stories. Contemporary Croatian children’s literature is extremely diverse. However, Christianity has been immanent in Croatian children’s literature from the very beginning and has engaged with contemporary children’s stories through various creative processes. One of the contemporary approaches to Christian themes in Croatian children’s literature will be presented, analyzing the works of the Croatian writers Sonja Tomić and Stjepan Lice. Their stories are inspired by biblical themes, motifs, and forms such as parables, the stories of rich symbolic relationships and strong messages in which Jesus Christ speaks in a vivid and understandable way about ordinary things, elevating them to the level of timeless meaning, thus pointing to correlations between the everyday world, spiritual reality, and the Kingdom of God. Sonja Tomić and Stjepan Lice approach these biblical themes through contemporary narrative concepts of children’s literature and bring the original, complex way of Christ’s teaching closer to the children’s world and the potential experience of religiosity as it applies to children.

Caroline Walker Bynum. Dissimilar Similitudes: Devotional Objects in Late Medieval Europe.

In her newest book, Dissimilar Similitudes: Devotional Objects in Late Medieval Europe, Caroline Walker Bynum continues with some of the ideas she penned in her 2011 book, Christian Materiality: An Essay on Religion in Late Medieval Europe. The two volumes form a compendium. Whereas the earlier volume takes up questions of miracles and the body, this one addresses religious, holy, charged, vibrant, and ordinary things. Constructing masterful arguments, she reveals that much of the repeated wisdom about ornate cradles, dolls, reliquaries, crowns, footprints, holy beds, and Eucharist wafers has been wrong. Chapters 1 and 2 form a diptych, each addressing a category of objects particularly found in female monasteries. The first analyses intricately sculpted miniature cradles, including the captivating example in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Although she asks a linguistic question about whether these objects should be considered cribs or cradles or both, what’s especially interesting is her close looking at the example at the Met, and her larger question, which motivates many of the studies in the book: To what degree did medieval people take metaphors such as “rocking the baby Jesus in the cradle of one’s heart” literally rather than metaphorically? As Bynum shows, when believers of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries embraced meanings literally, their doing so was often related to the objects’ intense tactility, which insists on the user’s handling and performance. Encouraging this kind of reception, the Met cradle playfully engages with the senses, including the touchable velvet bedding and the bells affixed to the canopy. Moreover, the intricately carved woodwork depicts a shepherd cupping his ear and the ox licking the Christ Child’s feet. As Bynum astutely observes, the carved wood rises into microarchitectural Gothic towers, suggesting that the object is both a bed and a cradle. It presents a charged contradiction: in its empty state, the bed suggests waiting for the incarnation, and when the Christ Child doll is dressed and laid onto the velvet cushion, the intricate parts structure a sensuous encounter. Such an object toggles between inviting spiritual and literal meanings.

Aspirations of Embrace: DAO and "DAO" in Zhuangzi 25

This article aims to help Anglophone scholars recover a neglected Zhuangist dialogue for philosophical engagement. The discussion between "Knowlittle" and "Great Unbiased Harmony" in Zhuangzi 25 preserves an extensive, relatively technical analysis of "dao" and its infinite referent that throws interesting light on many other treatments of this topic in the surrounding literature. Apparently taking exception to the practice of using "dao" as a label for something different in kind from ordinary things, whoever wrote this dialogue maintains that dao includes those things—and hence is just as available for understanding and description as they are. While its place in the historical development of "Daoist" conversations remains an open question for future research, this dialogue's fascinating claims and arguments in and of themselves reward attention.

Argumentum Ornithologicum: How Avian Metaphors Help Understand Artistic Research Better

The article aims to examine the phenomenon of artistic research in the broader context of sciences and arts. For that purpose, Pierre Bourdieu’s methodological principle ‘exoticize the domestic’ is used. This principle enables to change and alter the epistemic perspective suggesting that ordinary and everyday things should be investigated as if they were alien and strange. In place of theoretical arguments for and against artistic research, an avian metaphor is invoked, which enables to exoticize the domestic sufficiently. By continuing and expanding the existing avian metaphors, the article aims to highlight those aspects of artistic research that are not easy to grasp and distinguish with the help of the usual arguments pro and con artistic research. The main question to be answered: how does the perception of artistic research change when looking at it as a phenomenon of the ornithological world?

After the Biopsy, and; On Hearing News of Another Shot Black Man

After the Biopsy, and; On Hearing News of Another Shot Black Man Kwame Dawes (bio) After the Biopsy She weighs her joy and finds it wanting,a body is a conundrum of betrayals—how easily we forget that the nailgently brushing a nipple sends light—oh, the bright light of the worldpiercing through our bodies, spreadingthe irritable sweetness of delightand needle pricks, but now, cupped,her breasts, she knows, carry the weightof all fears; and the nipples have growninto wounds, this alarm of milkturned into a warning of what used to be pleasure.These days it is hard not to knowthat we grow used to our truestselves, that left alone, untouched,the body returns to a native smell,the smell of earth, of decay,of corruption, and this is the sublimemeaning of faith. We waitfor the conductor of our last daysto arrive, in a lab coat and with handssmelling of antiseptic creams.No one has to prophesy death,the bones pushing against the skinare the portent of all ends.We become the memory of substance.Here is where they say her endbegins, this purple spot, this complexof dark veins and stone-hard flesh, [End Page 14] this abuse, this intrusion. Her fingershave grown used to the riseand roll of a tiny pebbleunder the skin. She is playingwith her unmaking. The doctoroffers to remove it all, to takeaway the weight of her old pleasure,to flatten the ground she walks on,and only then, cupping these ordinary things,does she begin to weep, her bodywarming with the confusingand overwhelming washthat she cannot quiet. This isthe shame and pleasure of the songof loss and the passing of light. [End Page 15] On Hearing News of Another Shot Black Man I am in the lemon-green room. This roomas if the color has exploded the softeningcomfort of green, covering the wornbooks, the discarded folders. Let me saythat this is a green of the shade of lightfiltering through leaves. Imagine a bowlof green olives or grapes in their varietyof shades, this is the green I speak of,and I must be clear about this, for greenis as fickle as the bodies we live in.This green has exploded over the room and settledgently over the reams of paper, the boxesin the multi-voiced shades of my island.And I sit here, dappled as if the treesabove are the filter over me,and that lime tree, stunted by the entanglementof its roots in the pot, smiles sheepishlyin the corner. I am here thinkingof the sensuality of the dye that covers usand turns us into creatures longing for shadowsor startling light, because I am feeling the news,the chattering noise of a body broken by bullets,by the illogic of why, by the heavy sorrows.Forgive me for asking you to takeme into your verdant backroom,forgive me if I sit quietly in the cornerrocking, maybe, but hoping forearth to hold my vegetable self steady. [End Page 16] Kwame Dawes Kwame Dawes is the author of several books of poetry as well as fiction, criticism, and essays. Dawes is the George W. Holmes University Professor of English and the Glenna Luschei Editor of Prairie Schooner. He teaches in the Pacific MFA Program and edits the African Poetry Book Series for the University of Nebraska Press. Copyright © 2022 Yale University

Seyma-Turbino Metalworking and Microtechnics: A Game of Scale

Along with ordinary utilitarian things, Seymа-Turbinо casters made technically advanced products devoid of pragmatic functions. Miniature copies of full-size prestigious products were found in graves and shrines. Probably, communities of metalworkers treated these miniature tools as material symbols of their group identification. Numerous finds made in Petrovka, Sintashta, and Seymа-Turbino archeological sites mean that these metal miniatures were in high demand. Low-rank metal workers might have been buried with miniature samples of less technologically advanced tools. Full-size sophisticated tools, as well as their miniature copies in children's graves, could symbolize individual status. Miniature artistic castings that served as pommels on massive curved knives marked the prestigious status of this type of weapon and symbolically equated it with the Tools of the Creation. The figurines that adorned the Seyma-Turbino weapon not only emphasized its impressive size, but also gave the owners of these perfect products a higher social status. The miniature sculpture, which adorned only some of the Seyma-Turbino metal products, individualized serial samples. Thus, the microtechnics reflected not only the new possibilities of Seyma-Turbino metalworking, but also the regulatory requirements for the design of prestigious metal products. The renewal of the material ambiance was caused by the spread of serial products, the so-called quick things. It reflected the need to strengthen the connection between the owner and the possession, which was inherent to individual single-piece production

敏齋 李東允의 문집 현황과 한시 작품 개관

Minjae Lee Dong-yoon(1727~1809) is a writer of ≪Baksochonhwa≫. After he was introduced to the academic world, research has been accumulated, but there is still lack of research on his life, thoughts, and literature. By introducing Lee Dong-yoon’s collection of works, ≪Minjaeyugo≫, this study is aimed to examine the aspects of him as a writer found in his life, works, and Chinese poems and figure out his pursuit in literature. The three books of ≪Minjaeyugo≫ that have been handed down up to now are unfinished manuscripts of which order is not decided. It contains 631 themes and 1,276 works of Chinese poetry written by him from 1757 when he was 30 years old to his later years. About the contents, it includes 49 Seo(書), 3 Seo(序), 3 Gi(記), 17 Jebal(題跋), 45 Jemun(祭文), 7 Gomun(告文), 6 Haengjang(行狀), 8 Haengrok(行錄), 2 Eonhaengrok, 4 Yusa(遺事), 8 Myoji(墓誌), and 25 Japjeo(雜著). This study outlines Lee Dong-yoon’s works of Chinese poetry as 1) the records of daily life grounded on Cheonghan(淸寒) and affection, 2) the life of Anbunjijok (安分知足) and intention for Seonghak(聖學), and 3) preference for creating Old poems written at full length and Chinese poems written in series. First, although Lee Dong-yoon had the reputation of the royal Jeonju Lee’s family, he was in distress through his life for poverty and destitution. Taking ordinary and plain things in everyday life as the themes of his Chinese poems, he pursued simplicity about all sorts of feelings in the world. This is in line with the meaning of ‘Bakso(樸素)’ taken from ≪Jangja(莊子)≫. Second, as an old man in the rural area of the Chungcheong Province, Lee Dong-yoon was immersed into Gyeonghak(經學), solidified his will for Studies for oneself, learning to develop and cultivate oneself, and pursued the life of Anbunjijok(安分知足) by writing Chinese poems. Third, Lee Dong-yoon’s Chinese poems were intensively created in his later years, and concerning the forms, Jangpyeongosi and Yeonjaksi formed a large part. In the Hoseo area, he interacted with Namdang’s disciples and the brothers of Andong Kim’s family deeply, and it seems that this influenced him when he wrote Jangpyeongosi in the 18th century. Lee Dong-yoon learned from Namdang Han Won-jin and Byeonggye Yoon Bong-gu and was greatly influenced by Yoogeundang Kim Gyo-haeng. In fact, ≪Minjaeyugo≫ contains a large number of writings related to that. There are many notable works such as memoirs about his wife and sisters or about Sir Yoogeundang, and this author expects that in-depth studies will be carried out about Lee Dong-yoon’s literature and thoughts afterwards.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL VISIONS IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE

Problems related to ecology and impact on the environment in recent years have transformed our vision of ordinary things and processes. The active development of society was accompanied by a global threat - an increase in the consumption of resources, the main of which was energy. Ecology, as a discipline that is only a century and a half old, catapulted to the forefront of society in the 1960s, when an "ecological crisis" was recognized. Since then, this term appears before us both as a problem and its solution. Environmental movements and changes in social attitudes draw the attention of architects to the problems of ecology. Architecture, along with related fields, naturally reacted to these changes, developing its own way and approaches to solving the environmental problem. During the modern development of society, the problems that have become the beginning of changes in ecology grow in scale and take on new forms. However, this very development makes it possible to solve these problems more effectively. The work of international organizations and institutions is focused on preserving the environment and solving ecological problems. Measures and goals are implemented in the policies of states and cities, and ecology becomes a regulatory requirement. The general vision that considers ecology as a protected article is sustainable development - a general concept regarding the need to establish a balance between meeting the current needs of humanity and protecting the interests of future generations
 On the example of the first concepts and approaches, the development of scientific and technical achievements and individual projects, it is possible to trace this process and describe the formation of an ecological approach in architecture. The article describes the process of emergence and formation of the trend of environmentalism in architecture. The key stages of the development of the problem of ecology are established and the first concepts of ecological architecture are analyzed. The main factors that influenced the emergence of ecological architecture were identified and systematized. The main goal of the study is to consider the main prerequisites for the formation of ecological views in architecture and to find peculiarities in approaches to the formation of an ecological approach. In addition, the influence of ecology on the formation of a new paradigm in architecture is considered.

A life more ordinary: A peer research method qualitative study of the Feeling Safe Programme for persecutory delusions.

The Feeling Safe Programme is a cognitive therapy developed to improve outcomes for individuals with persecutory delusions. It is theoretically driven, modular and personalised, with differences in therapeutic style and content compared with first-generation cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis. We set out to understand the participant experience of the Feeling Safe Programme. A qualitative study employing interpretative phenomenological analysis. Using a peer research approach, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with six people who had received the Feeling Safe Programme as part of the outcome clinical trial. Participants spoke of feeling 'unsafe' in their daily lives before the intervention. Openness to the intervention, facilitated by identification with the programme name, and willingness to take an active role were considered important participant attributes for successful outcomes. The therapist was viewed as a professional friend who cared about the individual, which enabled trust to form and the opportunity to consider new knowledge and alternative perspectives. Doing difficult tasks gradually and repeatedly to become comfortable with them was important for change to occur. The intervention helped people to do ordinary things that others take for granted and was perceived to produce lasting changes. The Feeling Safe Programme was subjectively experienced very positively by interview participants, which is consistent with the results of the clinical trial. The successful interaction of the participant and therapist enabled trust to form, which meant that repeated practice of difficult tasks could lead to re-engagement with valued everyday activities.