Ordinary People Research Articles

The Great War in the Middle East from a Poetic Bedouin Perspective: A Close Reading of Two Poems about the Sinai Campaign and the Battles in the Negev During World War I

ABSTRACT Through a close reading of two Bedouin poems about the World War I era, this article examines how Bedouin in northern Sinai and Palestine’s southern coastal plain perceived the moment at which the Ottomans lost their hold over this region. By anchoring symbolic expressions from each poem in their historical, cultural, and poetic contexts, this inquiry sheds some light on the feelings and outlooks of ordinary people in response to the war’s massive transformation of the area in which they lived.

Ecology for the rich? Class aspects of the green transition and the threat of right-wing populism as a reaction to its costs in Poland

This article sheds light on the class determinants of ecological attitudes and, at the same time, tries to emphasize the general importance of class differentiation for the implementation of sustainable development policies. This is particularly important in Eastern European countries where, for financial reasons, a green transition raises concerns among social groups that may feel threatened by additional socioeconomic costs. Using empirical data collected in Poland, we point out that the challenges, implementation, and social costs of a green transition can be used by populist and nationalist right-wing politicians. At the same time, right-wing populists depict ecological activists as a threat to the interests of “ordinary people” and identify them with the liberal metropolitan elites, detached from the worries of people with lower incomes and residents of traditionalist provinces. In the current conditions, the fear of increases in energy and fuel prices may be another source of support for an anti-ecological right-wing agenda against the “global pressure” of the liberal establishment. This narrative may be particularly attractive in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries in Europe and around the world as it refers not only to ideological arguments but also to the economic interests of “ordinary people.”

When Epistemic Models Misfire: Lessons for Everyday Rationality

Abstract Three natural assumptions about rationality lead to conflict when they are formalized in natural ways. The paper examines how the assumptions are built into formal frameworks and why they lead to conflict. Several lessons are learned for the type of rationality ordinary people manifest in everyday life.

Doing the Word: Reawakening the Church to Save Society in Southern Africa

Southern African societies are presently beleaguered by manifold socio-economic, political, and environmental challenges. Ordinary people long for answers to questions about how to mitigate these challenges. Meanwhile, the Church mostly preaches the gospel and establishes and grows denominations across the world. Proclaiming the gospel in word is good; however, without demonstrating the gospel with transformational deeds, the Church remains Salvationist and partially missionary. Bearing in mind that the integral mission of the Church is advancing the gospel holistically, fractional mindfulness of the gospel, hearing the words without performing the corresponding deeds, is defacing its identity. Toda–, this situation is problematic and helpless, as society is in dire need of a wholesome Church that acts in accordance with its own faith and values and attends to the soul, the body, and all other facets of life. Much has been published about the integral mission of the Church, though little has been said about its role in social action. By qualitatively reviewing the literature and observing the Southern African context and some biblical examples, this paper finds the integral mission to be the predominant and comprehensive purpose of the existence of the Church. While the Church could be aware of its mandate, it should be reawakened so that it becomes a doer of the Word and stands out as the salt and light of the world by contributing to addressing the needs of society.

Assessment and Application of Digital Museum Visitors' Emotional Experience Based on Virtual Reality Technology and Emotion Recognition Algorithm

Abstract Each person will have different emotional experience for the same scene or exhibit, which reduces the accuracy of emotional recognition and leads to the complexity of the evaluation of visitors' emotional experience in digital museums. In order to improve the user experience of digital museum, the evaluation and optimization methods of visitors' emotional experience of digital museum based on virtual reality technology and emotion recognition algorithm are studied. The spectrogram is generated according to the voice sent by tourists when they visit the digital museum, which is based on CSWNet_ CRNN emotion recognition depth learning model input, evaluate the tourists' emotional experience results, and draw the tourists' emotional types of digital museums; The visual and auditory features of the digital museum scene with positive emotional experience are extracted respectively. Using virtual reality technology, the extracted features are applied to each link of the digital museum scene content design, optimizing the digital museum virtual reality scene, and improving the digital museum experience. The experiment shows that the tourist emotion recognition accuracy of this method is high, and the emotion recognition accuracy of 300 random tourists can reach 100%. In terms of generating new scenes, the feature extraction results of this scene are consistent with the feature estimation of positive emotions by ordinary people. The use of extracted features to optimize the digital museum scene has better realism and detail accuracy, which can be favored by most people and promote the sustainable development of digital museums.

In the frontier zone of market transition: Economic possibilities across the market/non-market divide

This paper engages with two important approaches theorising the co-existence and even close entanglement between the market and non-market to rethink the making of actually existing market economies. The first, that is, the diverse/community economies approach, underscores alternative relations and ethics to capitalism but often views community economies as external to market processes. A second approach on market frontiers rejects the idea of the non-market domain as a Utopian space but re-imagines it as a constituent part within capitalism, while powerful actors manage and utilise non-market differences to configure particular regimes of accumulation. However, it says relatively little about how the market/non-market divide is navigated and appropriated to suit the wellbeing of grassroots people and communities. This paper calls for a dialogue between the two approaches and argues that community economies provide important ‘background conditions of possibility’ for ordinary people to advance their needs, interests, and wellbeing by negotiating or traversing the market/non-market divide. Our empirical study investigates recent socioeconomic transformations in two villages, Lolong and Nyiru, located within the Potatso National Park, Yunnan Province, China. In both villages, local people keep alive communal norms of reciprocity and mutual support. The persistence of the non-marketised community economies is partly attributed to a state-capital coalition that outlaws grassroots participation in local tourism economy. Subsequently, villagers devise a number of tactics to penetrate the market realm and meet emerging lifestyle and consumer needs. Three of such tactics are discussed in this study.

In Pursuit of Equanimity: Managing Change and Adversity in Early Modern English Households, c.1570–c.1670

Abstract This article establishes equanimity as an important emotional ideal in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In showing how equanimity served to strengthen positive emotions and temper disruptive states, it promotes a more positive view of the era’s emotional landscape. The article employs the pursuit of equanimity as an intimate analytical device for uncovering the agency of ordinary people, and thus offers historians a new perspective on momentous change and adversity in the early modern period. It charts personal experiences of adversity—from physical and spiritual threats to familial disputes, uncertain patriarchal power and economic precarity—alongside individual management of religious, social and political change following the English Reformations and during the Civil War. Where other scholars have examined how different social groups reactively negotiated new realities, this microhistorical study of one gentry family in the North West of England urges historians to refocus their attention on the proactive courses that people took. Through a detailed examination of 541 manuscript letters, domestic decorative schemes, and archaeological evidence of ritual practices of protection, the article uncovers how the Moretons of Little Moreton Hall in Cheshire managed change and mitigated disaster. It discusses instances where equanimity played a persistent role in motivating the family’s actions and behaviours in daily life, and argues that practices designed to promote emotional harmony were crucial for preserving kinship networks and managing personal well-being, as well as gender relations within households, in early modern England.

TOLERANT AND INTOLERANT CONTENT OF ASSESSMENTS BY UKRAINIAN STUDENTS OF SUBJECTS SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE

Relevance. The study focuses on the problem of the attitude of Ukrainians to "good Russians" under the influence of the Russia-Ukraine war. The opinion of student youth is of particular importance. Depending on the holding of a certain personal position, young respondents largely evaluate modern military and political phenomena and processes. Methodology. The task of the online survey of 2,202 students of 35 universities from different regions of Ukraine, conducted in the spring of 2022, was to assess the degree of guilt and effectiveness of the actions of agents of social, in particular, military and political processes. The questionnaire used 5-point scales of semantic differential and subjective scaling. According to the content of the evaluations of the crimes of the Russians and the Russian authorities before Ukrainians, four groups of respondents were distinguished. Their attitudes towards various social and ethno-political subjects are compared. Results. It was found that anti-Russian attitudes significantly prevail in students' evaluations of Russians and the Russian government. A relatively small part of the sample consisted of anti-Ukrainian, neutral and tolerant views towards Russians. The anti-Russian majority most clearly accuses subjects to whom it attributes signs of attraction to the "Russian world". The anti-Ukrainian minority evaluates them positively, but tends to blame Ukrainian society and the Ukrainian authorities. However, the positions of the anti-Russian majority and the anti-Ukrainian minority turned out to be close in their high assessment of the effectiveness of the Ukrainian government and the command of the Armed Forces. Respondents who try to choose neutral assessments partly avoid a clear choice, and partly hide their pro-Russian sentiments. "Tolerant" respondents, who condemn the Russian authorities, but do not condemn Russians, tend to blame all those in power and to excuse "ordinary people" regardless of their nationality or citizenship.

Toward A (Not The) Political Philosophy Of Populism: Democracy, Moral Dualism And Minimalst Theory In Christopher Lasch

Abstract I compare Christopher Lasch's thought to specific features that research in political science attributes to contemporary populism. Lasch openly favoured a historical form of populism but is rarely considered when current forms of populism are discussed. The research literature characterizes populism as superficially tied to democracy while undermining it, as committed to the moral binary of people and elites, and as intellectually “thin” because it does not engage with the complex theories that ground other ideologies. These characters make populism incoherent and inimical to democracy. Lasch manifests all three characters while connecting them to a sustained worldview. Humans’ awareness of death is the core feature that makes them rational, ethical and equal. Attempts to dilute that awareness are inimical to the equality at democracy's basis. Experts and professionals encourage this dilution by promising remedies and progress. Democracy depends on ordinary people who resist elites and their complex phraseologies.

Electoral Systems in Sudan: In Quest for an Appropriate Type

This article reviews the types of electoral systems applied in Sudan since independence – in both democratic and military rules. It goes beyond that to touch on the general features of electoral behavior as well. It employs historical and descriptive approaches to examine some facts pertaining to the reality of elections and hindrances to democracy in the Sudan: <i>First</i>, the democratic process has been obstructed several times by military coups and regimes. <i>Second,</i> children who grew up under al-Bashir's Militant Islamic Regime (MIR) were deprived form exercising democracy or know anything about voting. <i>Third,</i> the lack of continual political participation hindered the process of accumulating political awareness that could enrich the formation of political culture. <i>Fourth,</i> the tribal influence in the socio-political life in many parts of the country, had negatively affected the political behavior of the ordinary people as well as the politicians. This political reality shatters any hope for proper democracy to work in the country. This essay argues that for such pluralism and ethno-cultural multiplicity entails the adoption of consensual democracy. However, it believes that this consociationalism should be supported by the Proportional Representation type of elections –along with federalism and presidential system.

Kedudukan Pencatatan terhadap Keabsahan Perkawinan: Telaah Pencatatan Perkawinan

The practice of sirri marriage is not only carried out by ordinary people, but also by public officials. One of the factors causing this is due to the unclear relationship of legal norms between paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the Marriage Law, resulting in different interpretations. On the one hand, it is considered that paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 are one unit, on the other hand, it is considered that the clauses stand on their own. Starting from this, this paper explains the relationship between paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the Marriage Law. Data is collected from literature review through library studies. It uses maqashid shari'ah as an analytical tool. This paper argues that the position of marriage registration is in direct contact with the dharuri needs of humans, including the legal protection of wives from physical and psychological violence (hifdz al-nafs), the protection of property obtained during marriage (hifdz al-mal) and the protection of children born from marriage (hifdz nasl). By placing the legal relationship between paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) into an inseparable unity, from the perspective of maqashid shari'ah. So, every marriage that is held is not enough just to fulfil the pillars of marriage but also the elements of marriage registration must be fulfilled in a valid marriage. Keywords: Marriage Registration, Maqashid Shari’ah, Marriage Validity

Trump Voters' social position in U.S. Society: Uniqueness and radical‐right support

Trump Voters' social position in U.S. Society: Uniqueness and radical‐right support

Some historical and legal aspects of bringing to legal responsibility for issuing and executing criminal orders and orders

From the analysis of historical and legal sources, it can be seen that the legal responsibility for issuing and executing criminal orders and orders went through certain stages of formation, which are directly related to the processes of emergence and development depending on the historical type of the state and its legal instruments. It is noted that the first states that at the legislative level established legal responsibility, that is, punishment, including for giving and executing criminal orders and orders, were the states of the Ancient East, in particular, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Babylon and Ancient India, where at the legislative level legal responsibility was introduced not only for ordinary people, but also for representatives of the authorities for criminal actions against the state that encroached on the established state order. In most cases, the punishment for such acts was the death penalty. It is argued that the idea of legal responsibility for issuing and executing criminal orders and orders dates back to biblical times, where it is inextricably linked to the doctrine of the origin and separation of powers. Therefore, in view of the significant influence of Christianity on the formation of the Western legal tradition, in particular the texts of the Bible, which in fact became the civilization foundation on which the legal norms designed to regulate social relations between people and government institutions were based and will continue to be based, including the scope revealed which is assigned to man for his dominion and the limits where such dominion ends. And in the event that not only representatives of the authorities, but also anyone violates the commandments established by the Creator, including not only by issuing, but also by executing orders or orders, then such actions are subject to condemnation, and the person himself is subject to punishment.

МЕТОДИКА КОМПЛЕКСНОГО АНАЛИЗА ИСТОРИИ ПОВСЕДНЕВНОЙ ЖИЗНИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ

The history of everyday life is a relatively young direction for world historical science and practically new for domestic historiography. Proponents of this trend focus on the everyday practices of behavior of ordinary citizens in a certain historical period. They contrast the history of everyday life with the traditional study of the past, when the central place in the study is not political history, economic structures or sociocultural processes, but the life world of ordinary people. Critics of the history of everyday life often reproach it for the lack of full-fledged methods that could combine the results of research on various topics. While fundamentally agreeing with the arguments of both sides, it should be noted that within the framework of scientific publications based on the methodology of the history of everyday life, significant experience has now been accumulated. At the same time, some authors propose to study stable structures of everyday life; others analyze behavioral and emotional reactions. That is why the diversity of understanding of what everyday life is requires ordering, systematization and the development of a methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the everyday life of the population in its historical perspective. The first part of the article is an attempt to develop an algorithm for such an analysis, which includes both the study of the “structures of everyday life” in the political, economic and sociocultural space, and the actions of ordinary inhabitants in these spaces with their personal perception of the historical reality in which they lived. The second part of the article proposes testing the developed methodology for a comprehensive study of everyday life using materials reflecting the daily life of disabled people during the Patriotic War in the Krasnoyarsk Region of 1941–1945.

Creativity of products as meant by ordinary people: to what extent do novelty and usefulness matter?

AbstractIn the design literature, creativity of products is recognized as a combination of novelty and usefulness. However, this mainly applies to the engineering field and within a community of experts. This study investigates how ordinary people understand creativity embodied in products. In an experiment with 70+ participants, 8 products and 5 metrics were dealt with. Novelty resulted as the main predictor of creativity. Usefulness turned to play a minor effect on perceived creativity. It emerged that usefulness has to make ordinary people like a specific product in order to link it to creativity.

Saint na Cléire mar Mhóitíf sa Traidisiún Béil

This article discusses aspects of anticlericalism as portrayed in Irish oral tradition. The Roman Catholic clergy are seen to have power not only within the performance of their official duties but were also understood to have control over supernatural beings and to possess curative capacities in matters of prophecy and damnation. The article places the clergy in their social context describing, among other factors, how they were separated from ordinary people. Criticism of the clergy was expressed in popular verse, proverb and tale and by these means, the community assisted in forming the perception of clergy. Poets were independent of the clergy as they felt they could criticise them in the vernacular verse of the people. Dissatisfaction expressed in verse commented on their fine living while, at the same time, realising the need for their service. Mocking is frequently a means of expressing discontent and in oral tradition, a particular trait associated with the clergy is that of miserliness. The author cites examples of tales and proverbs depicting priests’ greed and avarice. Such sayings and verses might be seen to indicate people were independent of the clergy, especially at a time when Irish was the general vernacular in Ireland. These sayings, verses and tales are part of a ‘vehicle for social protest’. The essay suggests that the aetiological tales offering reasons for the avarice of priests helped to reconcile general popular empathy with the clergy.

Medicinal Plant Identification using Machine Learning Algorithms

Medicinal Plant Identification using Machine Learning Algorithms

Large-scale disruptive activism strengthened environmental attitudes in the United Kingdom

The 2019 London Extinction Rebellion was the first attempt by environmental protesters to create prolonged large-scale disruption in a Western capital city. The effects on public opinion were difficult to predict because protests seen as extreme can reduce support, but protests seen as justified can increase support. We studied longitudinal opinion changes in a nationally representative sample (n = 832) before, during, and after the rebellion, in conjunction with experimental analysis of the causal effects of media reports (n = 1441). The rebellion was longitudinally associated with national increases in environmental concern, and activist media increased dissatisfaction with current government action. Reports from different media sources caused activism intentions and support to move in different directions, contributing to longitudinally increased polarisation in attitudes to activism. The rebellion had minimal effects on belief in whether ordinary people can produce relevant change (based on collective efficacy and support for a Citizens’ Assembly). The rebellion thus apparently succeeded in strengthening general environmental attitudes without polarising them, and probably somewhat grew the pool of engaged activists, but did not lead to major growth in collective mobilisation or improved environmental policy.

日本中世における「土民」たちの主体性について

In 1428, residents of suburban of Kyoto who were described “Domin” (土民), meaning ordinary people or locals, in one primary source caused an upheaval. They took violence actions requiring the administration and money lenders for implementing Tokusei (徳政). This term has indicated regulations which make lenders abandon claims for free from the 14th century to now in Japanese society. The purpose of this paper is crystalizing the undercurrent of their violence. In short, I anticipate they used their own forces according to the firm intention. Additionally, I suppose this intention might root on the memory they could have throughout experiences they and their ancestors had gain relating with administrations. I attempt to make clear what experiences they had had and what memory they were able to have in 1428 as its result. Famously the policy named Tokusei had been implemented in ancient era, especially from the8th century. On the other hand, what had been done at that era was different from what Domin required in the 15th century despite of having the same name. The ancient administration had relieved those who were in trouble, released criminals, declined taxes under this name. Somewhen meaning of this term had changed obviously. This paper demonstrates we can grasp ancient Tokusei and medieval one as one consecutive behavior if we adopt the viewpoint time. I suppose Tokusei was a sort of chrono-policy which made time oscillate between two poles, present and past. Though that meant the policy which renewed entire society by empowering time back to the ideal past primarily, its function was delimited working at the moment of contract alone. The turning point was the Koan (弘安) era. The Kamakura shogunate implemented the reform named Koan Tokusei soon after the secondary Mongolian attack. This policy which ordered ordinary people to return their properties to shrines structed the recognition that Tokusei was the name of policy which cancellate contracts for free. Domin in 1428 and their ancestors had received some benefits from Tokusei since ancient era. Additionally, they had witnessed someone else lost properties or lost their own properties soon after the Mongolian attacks. This paper concludes they took action relying on the memory which had consisted of these experiences.

VALUE LIFE EDUCATIONS ANAK USIA DINI BERBASIS CERITA BERGAMBAR DI TK NEGERI 1 SINTANG

This research starts from the fact that there are still children who are impolite, like to lie, make noise in class, and come late to school. In fact, at an early age, children are accustomed to receiving superior values such as ethics, morals and discipline. This research aims to describe the value of early childhood education based on picture stories at TK Negeri 1 Sintang. This research applied descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The research subjects were determined using a purposive sampling technique. The research subjects consisted of teachers and students’ parents of TK Negeri 1 Sintang. Data collection in this research was carried out by observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques involved data reduction, categorization, display/presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that teachers and parents really need their role in educating, guiding, applying life values to children, getting children accustomed to living life values so that in the future these values are internalized in children. The implementation of value life education in TK Negeri 1 Sintang includes religious values, responsibility, cooperation, discipline, care, appreciation, joy and patience. The obstacles in implementing value life education is that parents have not been able to support students' life value education at home because there are still parents who do not apply these life values because they are busy on working. Although some are as expected. Teachers play a very important role in supporting this program because teachers are examples, but as ordinary people, teachers sometimes lack of patience to educate children.