Ordinary Case Research Articles

Impact of Macroeconomic Instability on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria: An Analysis of GlaxoSmithKline, Kimberly-Clark, and Procter & Gamble (P&G) Exits

This study explores the impact of macroeconomic instability on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria, with a particular focus on the recent exits of popular multinational corporations such as GlaxoSmithKline, Kimberly-Clark, and Procter & Gamble. FDI contributes significantly to the economic growth of developing countries like Nigeria driving industrialization. The research investigates the influence of key macroeconomic variables, including inflation and exchange rate volatility, on FDI inflows between 2013 and 2022. Using a mixed-methods approach which combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, the study employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, correlation analysis, and case study analysis to understand the relationship between macroeconomic instability and FDI trends. These selected multinational corporations provide more insights into the factors influencing their decision to exit the Nigerian market. The findings reveal that exchange rate volatility has a more significant negative impact on FDI inflows compared to inflation, which suggests that frequent and unpredictable fluctuations in the value of the Nigerian naira play a vital role in investors’ confidence and inform their decision-making. The study concludes with policy recommendations to stabilize Nigeria’s macroeconomic environment. These recommendations are targeted at creating an investor-friendly climate to retain existing investors and to attract foreign direct investments into the country ultimately contributing to the country’s economic growth and development.

On the solutions of space-time fractional CBS and CBS-BK equations describing the dynamics of Riemann wave interaction

In this paper, Kudryashov and modified Kudryashov methods are implemented for the first time to compute new exact traveling wave solutions of the space-time fractional [Formula: see text]-dimensional Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff (CBS) equation and Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff and Bogoyavlensky Konopelchenko (CBS-BK) equation. With the help of wave transformation, the aforementioned fractional differential equations are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The purpose of this paper is to devise novel exact solutions for the space-time-fractional [Formula: see text]-dimensional CBS and the space-time-fractional CBS-BK equations by utilizing the Kudryashov and modified Kudryashov techniques. The solutions, thus, acquired are demonstrated in figures by choosing appropriate values for the parameters. The solutions derived take the form of various wave patterns, including the kink type, the anti-kink type and the singular kink wave solutions. The obtained solutions are indeed beneficial to analyze the dynamic behavior of fractional CBS and CBS-BK equations in describing the interesting physical phenomena and mechanisms. The obtained solutions are entirely new and can be considered as a generalization of the existing results in the ordinary derivative case. The techniques presented here are very simple, efficacious and plausible and hence can be employed to attain new exact solutions for fractional PDEs.

Using the Degree r ∈ [0, 1] in Defining Rough Fuzzy Sets

This paper introduced a new definition of rough fuzzy sets based on a fuzzy ideal defined on a fuzzy approximation space (X, R). This definition considered the degree r ∈ [0, 1] in defining the after sets and the before sets of the arbitrary fuzzy relation R on the finite set of objects X. It is shown that this new type of roughness is a generalization to many of previous definitions in the fuzzy case and also in the ordinary case. As an application, it is given a rough fuzzy‐connected set notion depending on some degree r ∈ [0, 1].

LOCAL TIME FRACTIONAL REDUCED DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORM METHOD FOR SOLVING LOCAL TIME FRACTIONAL TELEGRAPH EQUATIONS

In this paper, we seek to find solutions of the local time fractional Telegraph equation (LTFTE) by employing the local time fractional reduced differential transform method (LTFRDTM). This method produces a numerical approximate solution having the form of an infinite series that converges to a closed form solution in many cases. We apply LTFRDTM on four different LTFTEs to examine the efficiency of the proposed method. The yielded results established the effectiveness of LTFRDTM as a reliable and solid approach for obtaining solutions of LTFTEs. The solutions coincided with the exact solution in the ordinary case when [Formula: see text]. It also required minimal amount of computational work and saved a lot of time.

On a class of Lyapunov's inequality involving $ \lambda $-Hilfer Hadamard fractional derivative

<abstract><p>In this paper, we presented and proved a general Lyapunov's inequality for a class of fractional boundary problems (FBPs) involving a new fractional derivative, named $ \lambda $-Hilfer. We proved a criterion of existence which extended that of Lyapunov concerning the ordinary case. We used this criterion to solve the fractional differential equation (FDE) subject to the Dirichlet boundary conditions. In order to do so, we invoked some properties and essential results of $ \lambda $-Hilfer fractional boundary value problem (HFBVP). This result also retrieved all previous Lyapunov-type inequalities for different types of boundary conditions as mixed. The order that we considered here only focused on $ 1 < r\leq 2 $. General Hartman-Wintner-type inequalities were also investigated. We presented an example in order to provide an application of this result.</p></abstract>

Non-perturbative Lee-Wick gauge theory: Towards Confinement & RGE with strong couplings

We consider a non-Abelian Lee–Wick gauge theory and discuss Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin invariance. It contains fourth-order derivative as extensions of the kinetic term, leading to massive ghosts in the theory upon quantization. We particularly provide essential clues towards confinement conditions in strongly-coupled regimes, using the Kugo–Ojima approach, and obtain the functions in the non-perturbative regimes. This is achieved using a set of exact solutions of the corresponding local theory in terms of Jacobi elliptical functions. We obtain a similar function just as for the ordinary Yang-Mills theory but the main differences are that now, the cut-off arises naturally from the Lee–Wick heavy mass scales (M). We show that the fate of the ghosts are fixed in these regimes: they are no more the propagating degrees of freedom in the infrared-limit. As it also happens for the ordinary case, confinement is due to the non-Abelian nature of the theory. In the limit , one recovers the standard results for the local non-Abelian Yang-Mills theory.

Reducing the Harmful Exhaust Emissions from the Diesel Engine of the Tractor CASE JX75T by using the EFWP Filter at Different Engine Speeds

In this investigation, the influence of using the EFWP filter on the tractor exhaust emissions was determined. A Water and paper filter is a filter designed to operate as a filter for the exhaust for the reduction of the harmful gas (CO, CO2, NOx, and HC) emission from the engine of the tractor. Emissions experiments were carried out on CASE JX75T tractor at different engine speeds are 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, and 2250 rpm. All engine speed of the tractor underwent experimentation before the installation of the EFWP filter and after installation it. The noises and Bsfec also were measured when the two cases. Each engine speed was tested for approximately 20 minutes in two cases. The results showed a significant (P≤0.05) decreasing in carbon monoxide CO (51.40%), carbon dioxide CO2 (25%), nitrogen oxides NOx (43.43%) and hydrocarbons HC (60.98%) emissions and also, the noises reduced by 25.38% and there was no significant increase in the BSFC (5.34% only) after the EFWP filter was put in the tractor exhaust. The results also showed that increasing the engine speed from 750 to 2250 rpm led to significant increases in CO2, NOx, and HC emissions, while decreased the CO emission. Also, the increased by a percentage of 155.88 and 159.38 % in the case using the EFWP filter and without using it (the ordinary case) respectively. Using the EFWP filter reduced the noises not overridden internationally permitted standards (65 dB).

FRI348 Ectopic Posterior Pituitary As A Cause Of Panhypopituitarism Presenting With Hyponatremia

Abstract Disclosure: C. Choo: None. Background: Ectopic posterior pituitary gland (EPP) can occur from defective embryogenesis affecting neuronal migration, or from neurodegeneration of the hypothalamic nuclei. While isolated growth hormone deficiency is most common, it is also associated with pan-hypopituitarism. The posterior pituitary function is often preserved. Clinical Case: We report a case of pan-hypopituitarism from congenital EPP, presenting with hyponatremia. A 63-year-old male with hyperlipidemia was admitted for gastroenteritis. Serum sodium was 106mmol/L [reference range 136-146mmol/L] on admission but he was otherwise asymptomatic and haemodynamically stable. This initially improved with intravenous fluids, however subsequently stagnated at 121mmol/L despite achieving euvolemia. Thyroid and cortisol axes were evaluated in view of persistent hyponatraemia. 8am cortisol was low at 119nmol/L with inappropriately normal ACTH 13.9 pg/mL [reference range 7.2 – 62.3 pg/mL]. Thyroid function test showed central hypothyroidism consistently on repeat testing with a low fT4 of 6.1 pmol/L and 7.7 pmol/L [reference range 8.8-14.4pmol/L] and inappropriately normal TSH of 2.98MU/L and 2.41MU/L respectively [reference range 0.65-3.70MU/L]. 1mcg short synacthen test done following suspicion of hypocortisolism peaked at 468 nmol/L. He had no symptoms or signs of hypocortisolism or hypothyroidism. He was a bachelor and had clinical features of hypogonadism including short stature (142cm), high-pitched voice, scarce sexual hair and pubescent sized testes. His mid-parental height is unknown as his parents were deceased. FSH, LH, testosterone and IGF-1 were all undetectable. Prolactin was otherwise normal 9.4ug/L [reference range 4.2-16.4ug/L]. Radiographs of the forearm showed unfused epiphyseal plates at the distal radius and ulna. Thus, the diagnosis of pan-hypopituitarism was made. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary revealed a T1 hyperintense nodule at the floor of the third ventricle, suggestive of ectopic posterior pituitary. There was otherwise minimal normally enhancing tissue in the pituitary fossa, and the posterior pituitary bright spot and infundibulum were absent. He was started on hydrocortisone and subsequently levothyroxine replacement, with resolution of hyponatraemia (serum sodium 139nmol/L). He did not develop polyuria or polydipsia to suggest diabetes insipidus. Due to financial concerns however, he declined growth hormone and testosterone replacement therapy. Conclusion: Most reports of EPP are in the pediatric population often presenting with short stature. This was a seemingly ordinary case of hyponatraemia initially deemed to be from hypovolaemia. His atypical clinical features led to the eventual diagnosis of EPP with panhypopituitarism at a rather late age, highlighting the importance of a thorough clinical examination necessitating further evaluation. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Orientation Dependence of B19’-Martensite Reorientation Stress and Yield Stress in TiNi Single Crystals

This paper deals with the effect of crystal orientation on the B19’-martensite reorientation stress and yield stress in compression in TiNi single crystals with different Ni contents varying from 50.4 to 51.2 at.%. It was experimentally shown that the martensite yield stress appears to be higher for the [111]B2-oriented single crystals than for the [001]B2-oriented single crystals regardless of Ni content. The difference between martensite yield stress for the two investigated orientations increases with the growth of Ni content. The maximum difference between martensite yield stress σcrM for two investigated orientations is 996 MPa at Ni content of 51.2 at.% (σcrM = 1023 MPa for the [001]B2-orientation and σcrM = 2019 MPa for the [111]B2-orientation). As a result of comparison with the B2-austenite yield stress, it was found that this is not an ordinary case. The [001]B2 orientation is a high-strength in B2-austenite and a low-strength in B19’-martensite. It was experimentally shown that the B19’-martensite reorientation stresses weakly depend on the orientation and chemical composition compared with the martensite yield stress. The reasons for the orientation dependence of the martensite yield stress in compression and the deformation mechanisms of B19’-martensite are discussed.

A precise estimation for vibrational energies of diatomic molecules using the improved Rosen–Morse potential

In the context of the generalized fractional derivative, novel solutions to the D-dimensional Schrödinger equation are investigated via the improved Rosen-Morse potential (IRMP). By applying the Pekeris-type approximation to the centrifugal term, the generalized fractional Nikiforov-Uvarov method has been used to derive the analytical formulations of the energy eigenvalues and wave functions in terms of the fractional parameters in D-dimensions. The resulting solutions are employed for a variety of diatomic molecules (DMs), which have numerous uses in many fields of physics. With the use of molecular parameters, the IRMP is utilized to reproduce potential energy curves for numerous DMs. The pure vibrational energy spectra for several DMs are determined using both the fractional and the ordinary forms to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method utilized in this work. As compared to earlier investigations, it has been found that our estimated vibrational energies correspond with the observed Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) data much more closely. Moreover, it is observed that the vibrational energy spectra of different DMs computed in the existence of fractional parameters are superior to those computed in the ordinary case for fitting the observed RKR data. Thus, it may be inferred that fractional order significantly affects the vibrational energy levels of DMs. Both the mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) and average absolute deviation (AAD) are evaluated as the goodness of fit indicators. According to the estimated AAD and MAPD outcomes, the IRMP is an appropriate model for simulating the RKR data for all of the DMs under investigation.

Palatini variation in generalized geometry and string effective actions

We develop the Palatini formalism within the framework of generalized Riemannian geometry of Courant algebroids. In this context, the Palatini variation of a generalized Einstein–Hilbert–Palatini action - formed using a generalized metric, a Courant algebroid connection (in contrary to the ordinary case, not necessarily a torsionless one) and a volume form - leads naturally to a proper notion of a generalized Levi-Civita connection and low-energy effective actions of string theory.

Fractional critical slowing down in some biological models

The critical slowing down (CSD) phenomenon of the switching time in response to perturbation β (0 < β < 1) of the control parameters at the critical points of the steady state bistable curves, associated with two biological models (the spruce budworm outbreak model and the Thomas reaction model for enzyme membrane) is investigated within fractional derivative forms of order α (0 < α < 1) that allows for memory mechanism. We use two definitions of fractional derivative, namely, Caputo’s and Caputo-Fabrizio’s fractional derivatives. Both definitions of fractional derivative yield the same qualitative results. The interplay of the two parameters α (as memory index) and β shows that the time delay τD can be reduced or increased, compared with the ordinary derivative case (α = 1). Further, τD fits: (i) as function of β the scaling inverse square root formula 1/β at fixed fractional derivative index (α < 1) and, (ii) as a function of α (0 < α < 1) an exponentially increasing form at fixed perturbation parameter β.

Space and time transformations with a minimal length

Phenomenological studies of quantum gravity have proposed a modification of the commutator between position and momentum in quantum mechanics to introduce a minimal uncertainty in position in quantum mechanics. In the present work, we show the influence of space and time transformations in shaping quantities such as momentum, energy, and their relations with the generators of transformations. Thus, such an influence determines, among other aspects, the time evolution of a quantum system. In the exemplary case of Galilean transformations, the Schrödinger equation is identical to the ordinary case.

Correction to: “An Ordinary Case of Discipline”: Deputizing White Americans and Punishing Indian Men at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 1900–1918

Correction to: “An Ordinary Case of Discipline”: Deputizing White Americans and Punishing Indian Men at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 1900–1918

Modified 2D-complex Hermite polynomials: Their quasi-monomiality and operational identities

In this paper, we exploit the operational identities of the Burchnall-type and monomiality principle to introduce and discuss a new class of 2D-complex Hermite polynomials. We study their properties (raising and lowering operational relations, Burchnall's operational formulas, differential equations, generating functions, recurrence relations, expansions, and so on), and discuss the link with the ordinary case.

Tinjauan Hukum Proses Penetapan Tersangka Kasus Pencurian Kendaraan Bermotor

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the process of determining the suspect in the motor vehicle theft case at the Pohuwato Police. And to find out and analyze the factors that become obstacles in the process of determining the suspect in the motor vehicle theft case at the Pohuwato Police. The method used in this thesis is an empirical legal research method The results in this study were 1) The process of determining the suspect in the motor vehicle theft case at the Pohuwato Police, namely through the suspect determination mechanism as carried out in the case of Police Report Report Number LP / 200 / XII / 2019 / SPKT / Res-Phwt, December 6 and Letter Investigation Order Number: SP fingerprint / 84 I XII / 2019 / Reskrim, dated December 6, 2019 in which the case title in the case raised includes the title of an ordinary case at the initial stage of the investigation. The Standard Operating Procedure in the title of the curanmor case remains in accordance with the Regulation of the Head of the Criminal Investigation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Police Number 4 of 2014 concerning Standard Operating Procedures for Criminal Investigation Supervision. 2) Obstacles in determining the suspect in the criminal act of motor vehicle theft at the Pohuwato Police: a. lack of witnesses to see. b. Searching for evidence and suspects experiencing difficulties due to the absence or lack of clues c. Usually curanmor cases stop at the investigation stage. Apart from the above, there are still internal obstacles within Pohuwato Police and external obstacles The suggestion in this thesis is that there is a need for a new breakthrough in terms of handling and resolving curanmor cases. In this case, new operations and methods need to be formulated so that the Pohuwato Police can handle motor vehicle theft cases effectively.

An ordinary rank-two case of local-global compatibility for automorphic representations of arbitrary weight over CM fields

An ordinary rank-two case of local-global compatibility for automorphic representations of arbitrary weight over CM fields

“An Ordinary Case of Discipline”: Deputizing White Americans and Punishing Indian Men at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 1900–1918

Abstract The Carlisle Indian Industrial School (1879-1918) is often remembered as the first residential school for American Indian children and youth forcibly removed from their communities as a part of the U.S. government’s policy of so-called assimilation. In addition to “school-aged” youth, however, American Indian women and men eighteen years of age and older comprised a substantial proportion, and from 1912 to 1918 the majority, of Carlisle’s “student” body. In centering the disciplinary documents of American Indian men, this article examines a seeming paradox: Carlisle employees, U.S. officials, and U.S. citizens punished older male enrollees for enacting the very ideals that Carlisle claimed to be teaching them. Simultaneously, archival records reveal that White Americans profited off of their participation in the punitive structure of the settler state. Viewed through the prism of adult Indian men’s punitive experiences, Carlisle served many non-educational purposes as a carceral place of Indigenous punishment that deputized White Americans, helped maintain White hegemony, and furthered explicitly settler colonial objectives. The punitive patterns explored here show how Carlisle benefited the settler society by increasing the reach of its power over tribal nations—a fact that reveals the interlocking and interchangeable nature of carceral facilities, and which further demonstrates how Indigenous institutionalization was inherent to U.S. settler colonialism in this era.

Application of Non-singular Kernel in a Tumor Model with Strong Allee Effect

We obtain the analytical solutions in implicit form of a tumor cell population differential equation with strong Allee effect. We consider the ordinary case and then a fractional version. Some particular cases are plotted.

609 LUPUS IN SHEEP'S CLOTHING: A CARDIAC TAMPONADE DUE TO ACUTE POLYSIEROSITIS IN A SLE PATIENT.

Abstract This case describes a cardiac tamponade in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an uncommon but life-threatening condition that needs prompt recognition. A 33-year-old woman with therapy-resistant SLE presented to the Emergency Department with chest pain and fever for 3 days. She was hemodynamically stable, the ECG showed signs of pericarditis and echocardiography showed a minimal pericardial effusion. Pericarditis was diagnosed and the patient was admitted to the Cardiology Ward. Seven hours later her symptoms deteriorated, presenting hemodynamic instability with hypotension and tachycardia. The ECG showed low QRS voltage and electrical alternans, echocardiography confirmed cardiac tamponade. The patient underwent an emergency pericardiocentesis with 220 mL of serous citrine liquid removed and immediate regression of symptoms. The cytology exam revealed inflammatory cells with no evidence of malignancy, blood culture and effusion fluid's tests came back negative. A Thoraco-abdominal CT revealed also bilateral pleural effusion (not present at the admission) and ascites. Signs, symptoms and medical history suggested SLE flare-up and high-dose oral glucocorticoid therapy was started. Our report highlights a rare presentation of life-threatening polyserositis in SLE flare-up. Although pericarditis and pericardial effusion are frequently-reported SLE's cardiovascular complications, rapid development of cardiac tamponade is far from common. Acute cardiac tamponade, like in our case, is an indication for emergency pericardial drainage to restore an adequate cardiac output. We describe an out of ordinary case of a patient in whom an accurate and timely diagnosis of SLE–related cardiac tamponade has been live–saving.