Ordinary Bits Research Articles

Identifying and Grouping Abnormalities in Medical Images using Shortest Path Algorithms

The majority of the patient conclusion rotates around in distinguishing variations from the norm in their particular restorative pictures. These pictures are of different kinds, likely Ultrasound, CT Scan, MRI and infinitesimal pictures like bio-synthetic slides, smaller scale organic slides and neurotic slides. Barely any irregularities are cracks, awful cells in blood, tumors, contagious recognizable proof and so on. Finding the unusual segments, abnormalities in these pictures needs aptitude by the doctor; this adept recognizable proof advances and ensures sound drug by the doctor or specialist to persistent. In medicinal infinitesimal pictures ordinary bits and strange segments are combined. None of the irregular segments are identified with strange and typical parts of picture for example deviations are dissipated among ordinary bits of picture. These deviations are absent in certain bits for explicit region in the pictures. None of these deviations are covered nor can be gathered into a solitary segment physically in the picture. Deviations can be segregated alongside typical segments of pictures. Recognizing such deviations incompletely goes under bunching. This venture recognizes deviations in Medical Microscopic pictures. These deviations can be distinguished outwardly which uncovers about the nearness of deviation however to know the level of deviation in an example picture is basic. So as to accomplish this all deviations must be associated. This task interfaces all deviations utilizing Shortest Path calculation and bunches utilizing Hierarchical Clustering calculations.

Study on Bionic Diamond Bits for Drilling Superhard Materials

With diamond particles, metal powders and a special soft material as raw materials, this paper introduced some diamond bits to drill the superhard materials such as granite. Besides, the biology non-smooth theory was applied to the design of bit, and a new type of bit which is called bionic bit was introduced about its principle and manufacturing method. HYPERLINK "http://dict.cnki.net/dict_result.aspx?searchword=%e6%95%b0%e5%80%bc%e6%a8%a1%e6%8b%9f&tjType=sentence&style=&t=numerical+simulation" Numerical simulations and field tests of bionic bits showed that the optimalizing non-smooth degree was the most important factor of the design of bionic bit. By ANSYS finite element calculation when the non-smooth degree is 12.6%, the drilling bit wear is the smallest, 63% less than the ordinary bit. This paper prepared four bionic bits with the non-smooth degree 13% and four ordinary bits to drill the granit in gold mine, the average life and drilling speed of bionic bits increased by 29.8% and 21.3% more than ordinary bits.

Elementary Structure of Matter can be Studied with New Quantum Computers

Much has been talked about quantum computers. Today they are working on difficult simulations, so we can already congratulate the college of researchers at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory as the world's first to successfully simulate an atomic nucleus using a quantum computer. The results that were published in the physical examination letters demonstrate the huge capacity of quantum systems to calculate the problems of nuclear physics and to be able to be successfully used in the future for special and complex simulations. It is already known that quantum calculus, which is based on the quantum principles of matter and which was proposed by American physicist Richard Feynman in the early 1980s, unlike the ordinary bits of normal computers today, uses the qubit units used by quantum computers to store information in two-state systems, such as electrons or photons, considered simultaneously in all possible quantum states (essentially a phenomenon known as overlapping). In October 2017, a multidisciplinary ORNL team began working on codes to perform various simulations on quantum computers such as IBM QX5 and Righetti 19Q within a DOE Quantum Testbed Pathfinder project in an effort to verify and validate various scientific applications on different types of quantum hardware. Today, quantum computers have potential applications in cryptography, artificial intelligence and weather forecasting, as each additional qubit clings in some way inextricably from the others, thus exponentially increasing the number of possible results for the final measured state. Obviously, this huge benefit also has negative effects on the system, because errors can in turn exponentially increase the size of the problem and the final results even. However, it is hoped that in the future on the basis of much-improved hardware, researchers will be able to solve problems that cannot be solved today using current calculation methods. In the present paper the authors propose an original method of rapid theoretical determination with great precision of the dimensions of all elementary particles, the method which, although predicting results similar to those obtained by other theoreticians, still has the advantage of its simplicity, of its general applicability, that is of its universality and especially this new method is a precious tool in the work of scientists worldwide to understand matter at its elementary level. Even though we would have expected that the size of a deuteron would be larger (double) than that of one component particle (of a proton or neutron), at the same velocity, the theory (20-21) demonstrates the opposite. By fusing two free nucleons, a proton and a neutron, a deuterium nucleus is obtained with smaller dimensions than its two components, which makes the energy of rejection between two Deuteron cores much larger than we would have waited. That's why the fusion reaction between two Deuterons is even more difficult than was suspected, even when they are accelerating.

Spectrally Efficient Multicarrier Transmission With Message-Driven Subcarrier Selection

This paper develops two spectrally efficient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based multicarrier transmission schemes: a scheme with message-driven idle subcarriers (MC-MDIS) and another with message-driven strengthened subcarriers (MC-MDSS). The basic idea in MC-MDIS is to carry part of the information, which is named carrier bits, through an idle subcarrier selection while regularly transmitting the ordinary bits on all the other subcarriers. When the number of subcarriers is much larger than the adopted constellation size, higher spectral and power efficiency can be achieved compared with OFDM. The reason is that each idle subcarrier carries more bits than a regular symbol, with no power consumption. Moreover, the existence of idle subcarriers can also decrease possible intercarrier interference between their neighboring subcarriers. In MC-MDSS, the idle subcarriers are replaced by strengthened subcarriers, which, unlike idle subcarriers, can carry both carrier bits and ordinary bits. Therefore, MC-MDSS achieves even higher spectral efficiency than MC-MDIS. Both theoretical analysis and numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes.

Efficient realisation of arithmetic algorithms with weighted collection of posibits and negabits

Most common uses of negatively weighted bits (negabits), normally assuming arithmetic value 21(0) for logical 1(0) state, are as the most significant bit of 2's-complement numbers and negative component in binary signed-digit (BSD) representation. More recently, weighted bit-set (WBS) encoding of generalised digit sets and practice of inverted encoding of negabits (IEN) have allowed for easy handling of any equally weighted mix of negabits and ordinary bits (posibits) via standard arithmetic cells (e.g., half/full adders, compressors, and counters), which are highly optimised for a host of simple and composite figures of merit involving delay, power, and area, and are continually improving due to their wide applicability. In this paper, we aim to promote WBS and IEN as new design concepts for designers of computer arithmetic circuits. We provide a few relevant examples from previously designed logical circuits and redesigns of established circuits such as 2's-complement multipliers and modified booth recoders. Furthermore, we present a modulo-(2 n + 1) multiplier, where partial products are represented in WBS with IEN. We show that by using standard reduction cells, partial products can be reduced to two. The result is then converted, in constant time, to BSD representation and, via simple addition, to final sum.

An Efficient Universal Addition Scheme for All Hybrid-Redundant Representations with Weighted Bit-Set Encoding

Redundant and hybrid-redundant number representations are used extensively to speed up arithmetic operations within general-purpose and special-purpose digital systems, with the latter (containing both redundant and nonredundant digits) offering cost advantages over fully redundant systems. We use weighted bit-set (WBS) encoding as a paradigm for uniform treatment of five previously studied variants of hybrid-redundant systems. We then extend the class of hybrid-redundant numbers to coincide with the entire set of canonical WBS numbers by allowing an arbitrary nonredundant position, heretofore restricted to ordinary bits (posibits), to hold a negatively weighted bit (negabit). This flexibility leads to interesting and useful symmetric variants of hybrid-redundant representations. We provide a high-level circuit design, based solely on binary full-adders, for a constant-time universal hybrid-redundant adder capable of producing a canonical WBS-encoded sum of two canonical WBS (or extended hybrid) numbers. This is made possible by the use of conventional binary full-adders for reducing any collection of three posibits and negabits, where negabits use an inverted encoding. We compare our adder to previous designs, showing advantages in speed, cost, and regularity. Furthermore we explore representationally closed addition schemes, holding the benefit of greater regularity and reusability, and provide high-level representationally closed designs for all the previously studied variants of hybrid redundancy and for the new symmetric variants introduced here. Finally, we present a new functionality for a conventional (4; 2) compressor in combining any collection of five equally weighted negabits and posibits, and show its utility in the design of multipliers for extended hybrid-redundant numbers.

Melodic Lines in Goethe's Verse

I am not the first to observe that the practice of reading aloud, once a favorite form of entertainment, is rapidly becoming extinct, and that even the ability to read aloud shows a marked decline: the number of American adults who cannot read aloud an ordinary bit of prose without stumbling or making it unintelligible is already alarmingly large. Regrettable as this development is bound to be in general, it takes on a more serious aspect when we consider the entire field of poetry, more particularly those departments of poetry which involve patterns: patterns of rhythm, patterns of rhyme, patterns of both combined. For all such patterns are essentially auditory in nature. It is the poet's ear which sets up the original pattern, and it is the listening ear which confirms its effectiveness. Indeed, if we are able to apprehend the auditory pattern through the transmitting eye, that is only by virtue of a sort of recall deriving from repeated auditory experiences. We are still listening while we look, just as we can read aloud without making a sound. But all this transfer presupposes a full set of auditory experiences on which the reader can draw. Both the patterns of rhythm and the patterns of rhyme are protected, as it were, by the external forms of verse. Rhyme, indeed, is even evident to the eye, and both English and German recognize what are conveniently called eye-rhymes, such as goodblood, or full-dull. While the controversy over the legitimacy of so-called impure rhymes in German continues to rage, there is no denying the fact that German poets, including Goethe, have actually used such rhymes and are still doing so. Although rhythm cannot be actually seen, it too is externally manifest in the normal speech patterns of which it is composed. Even such a line as: With how sads steps, 0 Moon, thou climb'st the sky (Wordsworth, 1802), although every word in it is a monosyllable, and all are words of nearly equal weight, excepting only the, no reader of experience will mistake it for other than it is, an iambic line of five feet.