Order Of Stability Research Articles

Analysis of Leadership Styles in Building Social Harmony in Rural Communities: A Systematic Review

This systematic review integrates findings from studies on leadership styles transformational, paternalistic, and participative and their influence on social harmony and community development within rural Indonesian contexts. Following the PRISMA methodology, 150 pertinent articles were initially identified, with 11 studies ultimately selected for rigorous in-depth analysis. The results reveal that transformational leadership fosters innovation and collective action, substantially enhancing social cohesion and community participation. However, its efficacy is often undermined by entrenched socio-cultural hierarchies and limited educational infrastructure in rural settings. Paternalistic leadership, while adept at maintaining social stability and moral order, constrains flexibility and impedes innovation, rendering it less adaptable to the exigencies of modernization. Participative leadership emphasizes inclusivity and shared decision-making, thereby strengthening community involvement, but it remains hampered by resource scarcity and temporal constraints. A recurring theme throughout the analysis highlights the necessity of aligning leadership practices with local cultural norms to build community trust and optimize the success of development initiatives. This review ultimately underscores the imperative for culturally attuned leadership that not only preserves indigenous wisdom but also navigates the challenges of modernization, fostering sustainable development in rural communities.

La crisi familiare e le giurisdizioni religiose negli Stati Uniti: tensioni tra separatismo e pluralismo nel sistema delle ADR

Familiar crisis and religious jurisdictions the United States: tensions between separatism and pluralism in the ADR system ABSTRACT: In the United States, religious denominations play a central role in the out-of-court resolution of disputes. In fact, religious groups provide negotiation facilitation, mediation and arbitration services, according to models of increasing procedural complexity and binding nature. The contribution will illustrate case law guidelines about law enforcement of Jewish and Islamic judgements in familiar matters. I will focus on attempts of secular courts to mediate between opposing demands: the security of legal statuses, the maintenance of social stability and public order, the protection of rights of the individual, the deflation of civil litigation, the greater confidence of litigants towards the minister of religion acting as judge. In the conclusion, I will evaluate the impact of these trends on the intercultural paradigm that characterizes the American pluralist legal system. SOMMARIO: 1. Le ADR religiose negli Stati Uniti tra luci e ombre - 2. Pactum suprema lex esto? Il riconoscimento dei lodi arbitrali emessi dai tribunal rabbinici in sede di divorzio - 3. Il diritto familiare musulmano tra ostracismo e neutralità - 4. E pluribus unum? Il molteplice e il singolo di fronte allegiurisdizioni religiose nella società americana

The Promise of Carbon Nano‐Onions: Preparation, Characterization and Their Application in Electrochemical Sensing

AbstractCarbon nano‐onions (CNOs) promise to improve the range of applications of carbon materials for electroanalytical applications. In this review, we explore the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical applications of CNOs. CNO‐based sensors present impressive features, including low detection limits in the femtogram per milliliter range, a broad linear detection range spanning up to 7 orders of magnitude, exceptional selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. Synthetic methods and characterization techniques for CNOs were thoroughly examined, shedding light on their pivotal role in biosensing technologies. Comparative analyses with other carbon materials underscore CNOs′ competitive performance, either surpassing or matching many counterparts. Despite their relatively recent integration in biosensing applications, CNOs exhibit comparable or superior results concerning other carbon‐based materials. Indeed, the incorporation of CNOs into hybrid nanocomposites has shown promising outcomes, indicating a synergistic potential for future advancements in biosensing technologies. Our review provides a broad approach to the application of CNOs to the field, with emphasis on breakthroughs of the last 5 years.

The potential of supramolecular synthon to develop coamorphous systems with tailored physical stability: Mechanistic insights integrating kinetics and thermodynamics

Coamorphous drug delivery systems have received increasing interest owing to their potential to improve the solubility, dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, the crystallization risk is one of major limitations in their application. It has been widely recognized that the coformer plays a vital role in physical stability of coamorphous formulation. Unfortunately, the screen of optimal coformer still adopts a trial-and-error method, which is time-consuming and expensive. Herein, a supramolecular synthon approach based on the interaction between functional groups, was exploited to design coamorphous systems (CMs) consisting of lurasidone hydrochloride (LH) and three coformers, saccharin (SAC), L-tryptophan (TRP), and L-cysteine hydrochloride (CYS). X-ray powder diffraction suggested the order of physical stability of the coamorphous systems was ranked as LH-CYS CM > LH-TRP CM > LH-SAC CM. The charge-assisted hydrogen bond between LH and coformer was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and solid-state 13C NMR. Moreover, structural, electronic, and molecular interaction information, especially hydrogen bonding interactions, were quantified by theoretical calculations, including miscibility calculations, molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations. It was revealed that LH-CYS CM exhibited the best miscibility, strongest binding energy and strongest H-bond with partially covalent character, demonstrating the significant role of supramolecular synthon in stabilizing coamorphous formulations. Interestingly, LH-TRP CM, not LH-CYS CM, exhibited the lowest molecular mobility among three coamorphous systems, which was inconsistent with their physical stability. But from thermodynamic perspective, the order of configurational entropy and physical stability of coamorphous systems was completely consistent. We shed light on the comprehensive effects of molecular mobility and configurational entropy on physical stability of coamorphous systems. Importantly, the relationship between supramolecular synthon and kinetic/thermodynamic mechanisms was also discussed, and the positive correlation between configurational entropy and intermolecular interactions was proposed in this paper. Our findings demonstrated the great potential of supramolecular synthon in designing coamorphous systems with tailored physical stability, and further provided a deeper insight into the mechanisms of physical stability of coamorphous systems.

Synthesis, Structural Determination, DFT Calculation and Biological Evaluation Supported by Molecular Docking Approach of Some New Complexes Incorporating (E)‐N'‐(3,5‐di‐Tert‐Butyl‐2‐Hydroxybenzylidene) Isonicotino Hydrazide Ligand

ABSTRACTThe synthesis and structural analysis of complexes derived from (E)‐N′‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene) isonicotino hydrazide (ITB ligand) were examined using multiple analytical techniques. These techniques included TGA, decomposition point determination, elemental analysis (CHN), spectroscopic (IR, NMR, mass spectrometry) analysis, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, as well UV–Vis spectrum analysis, along with theoretical studies. Molar conductance values indicated that the Cd (II), Co (II), Cu (II), Ni (II), and Zn (II) complexes are non‐electrolytes in fresh DMSO solutions, with conductance values ranging from 8.5 to 14.35 Ω−1 cm2 mol−1. IR spectra suggested which the ligand coordinates through the metal ions in a tridentate fashion, utilizing the (N & O) donor sites from the (CN & CO & CO) groups in the hydroxybenzylidene moiety. Analytical data from solution complexation, job's method suggested a 1:1 (metal:ligand) molar ratio. The stability order of the complexes was determined as ITBCo > ITBCu > ITBNi > ITBZn > ITBCd, consistent with the stability constant (Kf) values. The pH profile indicated that the studied complexes exhibit stability upon a wide pH scale, typically between (pH = 4:10). Magnetic and electronic spectral analyses helped deduce the ligand coordination abilities and the geometric structures of the complexes. In vitro (antimicrobial & anticancer) performances of the studied complexes were tested versus various (microbial strains & cancer cell lines), revealing higher activity in the chelates assessed to the free (ITB) ligand. The antioxidant potential was also assessed using the DPPH assay. Finally, molecular docking was performed toward estimate the binding efficiency between various protein receptors and the compounds, with results aligning with the biological investigations.

Концептуальные аспекты противодействия электоральному экстремизму

Manifestation of extremism elements in the course of preparation for and holding of elections and referendums can trigger destructive consequences irreversible for the state and society: from social upheavals and "orange revolutions" to disruption of the constitutional order and forced seizure of power. The electoral system of any civilized state not only creates conditions for the democratic transition of power in accordance with the will of the people but is also aimed at maintaining stability and law and order in complicated conditions of the transitional electoral cycle including combating manifestations of extremism in the course of electoral procedures and prevention of election of extremists to positions of authority. Extremism that is most aggressively, strongly and dangerously manifested in electoral procedures requires government authorities to take precise and coordinated action to assure and protect electoral rights and freedoms of citizens from illegal encroachments. Legally consolidated authorities and functions of election organizers in the extremism combating issue give an opportunity to suggest a new form of manifestation of political extremism during preparation for and holding of elections and referendums, which is electoral extremism. In this publication, the author makes an attempt at conceptual justification of electoral extremism and giving an author’s definition thereof for the purpose of further analysis of ways of combating electoral extremism to assure free elections and electoral sovereignty of the state from encroachments of political radicals who are often sponsored by intelligence services of hostile foreign states.

Социально-политическая стабильность и порядок: соотношение понятий и феноменов

Introduction. The article examines and analyzes such social phenomena as socio-political stability and socio-political order from the point of view of ideological, legal and value parameters. Theoretical analysis. For a long time, socio-political stability has been considered as an adequate characteristic of the political structure of the state. Scientists drew attention to the change of liberal and conservative cycles and forms of government, which saw a balance between order and freedom of society and a man. In this context, Russian philosophical thought linked the socio-political order with spiritual and moral principles as regulators of the state, society and a man, and also paid attention to freedom and legal institutions. The institutionalization of the socio-political order is carried out through the mechanisms of political power and its legitimization, ideology, and law based on the value preferences of society. The system-synergetic paradigm defines these mechanisms as order parameters underlying the self-organization of any social system. Conclusion. Socio-political stability is a qualitative characteristic of the socio-political order, which is determined by the historical, geopolitical conditions of society, with its spiritual factors and traditions. The socio-political order is not universal, it is invariant, determining the variability of human development.

Object Stability, Attention, and Temporal Order Judgments

Object Stability, Attention, and Temporal Order Judgments

Effect of glycosylation, acylation and pyranylation at cyanidin C-ring on its interaction with vitamin C in apple juice beverage matrix.

Synchronous degradation between anthocyanin and vitamin C was found in fruit and vegetable juice matrices. To investigate whether the C-ring of anthocyanin is the key site of this interaction, cyanidin with four different C-ring modifications (3-glucosylation, 3,5-diglucosylation, 6″-malonylation, pyranylation) was added to vitamin C-containing apple juice, and the changes of anthocyanin retention, vitamin C retention, color, antioxidative activity and differential metabolites were analyzed. The anthocyanin retention was in the order of pyranylation >6″-malonylation >3,5-diglucosylation >3-glucosylation. The vitamin C retention was in the order of 6″-malonylation > pyranylation >3,5-diglucosylation >3-glucosylation. The order of color stability was the same as that of anthocyanin retention, and the order of antioxidative activity was opposite to that of vitamin C retention. The results showed that modification at the C-ring limited the activity of anthocyanin, and suggested that the C-ring was one of the key sites for anthocyanin and vitamin C interaction. The shared differential metabolite of all apple juice matrices added with different anthocyanins was trans-hinokiresinol, which was likely generated from anthocyanin skeleton reacted with certain compounds in apple juice. This study showed that modification of the anthocyanin C-ring could affect the anthocyanin and vitamin C interaction to some extent, which provided valuable insights for the application of anthocyanin C-ring modification in shelf-life quality control of typical fruit and vegetable beverages with the coexistence of anthocyanin and vitamin C. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Investigations of structure, thermal stability and optical properties of a new NLO crystal (C3H5N2)+(CF3COO)-

New NLO imidazolium trifluoro acetate (C3H5N2)+(CF3COO)- single crystals were synthesized by solution evaporation method, with its structure, thermal stability, absorption spectrum, photoluminescence and second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were systematically investigated. This crystal features 0-dimensional noncentrosymmetric structure with orthorhombic space group I212121 which consist of isolated organic imidazolium cation (C3H5N2)+ and trifluoro acetate anion (CF3CO2)-. A high thermal stability up to 125 °C, and the absorption edge at 260 nm with a wide band gap of 4.55 eV were respectively determined. In addition, the photoluminescence performance with an emission peak at 363 nm can be ascribed to the π-π* transition absorption of imidazole ring. Notably, moderate phase-matching SHG response of 0.64 times KH2PO4 was evaluated for (C3H5N2)+(CF3COO)-. All the results indicate the potential applications of (C3H5N2)+(CF3COO)- in optical field.

Synergistically controlled in situ growth of silver nanoparticles leading to organization of anisotropic liquid crystalline medium

ABSTRACT An in-depth macroscopic and microscopic investigation is carried out regarding understanding phase ordering and organisation of nematic phase of a room temperature nematic liquid crystal (NLC) MBBA (N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline) in the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) which are synthesised in situ in a single step using MBBA as a template as well as a reducing and stabilising unit. A synergistic effect between anisotropic LC structure and morphologies of AgNPs is observed. The LC-AgNP composite exhibits better thermal stability and phase ordering compared to its neat LC counterpart as indicated by combined study of optical polarization microscopy (OPM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). While OPM study exhibits emergence of smectic mesophase in LC-AgNP composites, DSC manifests significant enhancement in the isotropic temperature and associated enthalpy as well as a change in the kinetic behaviour in LC-AgNP composites compared to neat LC. Also, an alternation in the electronic properties of LC-AgNP composites compared to neat LC is recognised. Such ordering at the macroscopic scale is well supported by our microscopic observations through spectroscopic studies such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) which provides valuable insights regarding understanding the organisation process more closely.

β-d-Glucopyranose – Silver+ (1:1) complex assisted aromaticity involving electron deficient X3 (X=Be, Mg) core

Seeing the frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) picture of β-d-glucopyranose–silver+ (1:1) complex ([Ag(C6H12O6)]+) reported in a recent article (Mondal, 2024) [53], we used the FMO based approach to obtain inverted sandwich like organometallic complex comprising X3 (X=Be, Mg) core, in silico. Thermodynamic feasibility of obtaining [(C6H12O6)Ag-X3-Ag(C6H12O6)] (X=Be, Mg) complexes are explored. Conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) based reactivity descriptors guide to ascertain the stability order of such complexes. By the help of natural bond orbital analysis, Wiberg bond indices (WBI), bond critical point analysis, electron density descriptors, and gradient isosurface between selected contacts, the nature of interaction between the X3 core and Ag metals are studied. FMO of the complexes further help in ascertaining the nature of binding. Energy decomposition analysis marks the interaction between X3 and Ag metals in [(C6H12O6)Ag-X3-Ag(C6H12O6)] (X=Be, Mg) as partially covalent. Negative values of nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) at the triangular ring (X3) centres [NICS(0)] indicate aromatic property.

Numerical solution by finite element method for time Caputo-Fabrizio fractional partial diffusion equation

The foundation of this study lies in the fractional order derivative definition pioneered by Caputo and Fabrizio, with distinct representations for temporal and spatial variables. Our focus is on presenting a finite element scheme to address the time-fractional diffusion equation. This approach contrasts with traditional finite difference methods and variational solutions. We rigorously establish the stability and convergence order of our proposed method. To validate our theoretical assertions, we provide a numerical example demonstrating its efficacy.

Influence of refractories on cleanliness in high-purity C96V saw wire steel

ABSTRACT Four kinds of refractories, MgO, Y2O3, ZrO2 and MgO–CaO, were selected to smelt C96V saw wire steel to choose a suitable crucible material. In detail, the effect of refractory on number, size, composition and morphology of inclusions in steel samples has been studied. The results indicated that all of the steel samples can obtain the target composition of all the elements by using these refractories as a crucible. Both Y2O3 and ZrO2 refractory can also produce excellent steel samples; this is mainly because the order of stability of the four oxides from high to low at steelmaking temperature is CaO > Y2O3 > ZrO2 > MgO. In addition, both Y2O3 and ZrO2 have extremely high stability in the steelmaking process and are difficult to be reduced by any elements in molten steel. Nevertheless, MgO–CaO refractory still has obvious advantages in terms of smelting effect, mainly in the following aspects: the steel samples can obtain the lowest content of T. O (total oxygen content in steel), S and [Al]s, and the lowest value of Al2O3 content in composite inclusions. However, the most troublesome for MgO–CaO refractory is its tendency to absorb moisture in air and become invalid.

On the role of excipients in biopharmaceuticals manufacture: Modelling-guided formulation identifies the protective effect of arginine hydrochloride excipient on spray-dried Olipudase alfa recombinant protein

Biopharmaceuticals are labile biomolecules that must be safeguarded to ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of the product. Batch freeze-drying is an established means of manufacturing solid biopharmaceuticals but alternative technologies such as spray-drying may be more suitable for continuous manufacturing of inhalable biopharmaceuticals. Here we assessed the feasibility of spray-drying Olipudase alfa, a novel parenteral therapeutic enzyme, by evaluating some of its critical quality attributes (CQAs) in a range of excipients, namely, trehalose, arginine (Arg), and arginine hydrochloride (Arg-HCl) in the sucrose/methionine base formulation. The Arg-HCl excipient produced the best gain in CQAs of spray-dried Olipudase with a 63% reduction in reconstitution time and 83% reduction in the optical density of the solution. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the atomic-scale mechanism of the protein–excipient interactions, substantiating the experimental results. The Arg-HCl effect was explained by the calculated thermal stability and structural order of the protein wherein Arg-HCl acted as a crowding agent to suppress protein aggregation and promote stabilization of Olipudase post-spray-drying. Therefore, by rational selection of appropriate excipients, our experimental and modelling dataset confirms spray-drying is a promising technology for the manufacture of Olipudase and demonstrates the potential to accelerate development of continuous manufacturing of parenteral biopharmaceuticals.

Carboxymethylcellulose encapsulated fingolimod, siRNA@ZnO hybrid nanocomposite as a new anti-Alzheimer's material.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurological disorder that causes cognitive and memory function to deteriorate. A critical pathogenic event that speeds up the development of AD is the interaction between dysfunctional microglia and amyloid-β (Aβ). We have developed a hybrid nanocomposite material to treat AD by normalizing the dysfunctional microglia. The material is based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) encapsulated fingolimod, siRNA, and zinc oxide (ZnO) with variable loading (CMC-Fi-siRNA@ZnO a-d ). The material was characterized using different techniques including FTIR, XRD, thermal analysis, SEM with EDX, and TEM micrographs. The chemical structure was confirmed by FTIR and XRD analyses, which indicated the successful integration of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) into the polymer matrix, signifying a well-formed composite structure. The thermal stability order at 10% weight loss was CMC-Fi-siRNA@ZnO c > CMC-Fi-siRNA@ZnO b > CMC-Fi-siRNA@ZnO d > CMC-Fi-siRNA@ZnO a . The CMC-Fi-siRNA@ZnO d dramatically alleviates the priming of microglia by lowering the level of proinflammatory mediators and increasing the secretion of BDNF. This considerably improves the phagocytosis of Aβ. In the cell viability test in immortalized microglia cells (IMG), the hybrid nanocomposite (NP) exhibited no significant effect on cell survival after 48 hours of incubation. The NP also decreased the cytotoxicity caused by Aβ. Therefore, the CMC-hybrid NP has high potential as a drug delivery system in the development of therapeutic strategies for AD.

Deficits of the "Good" Eye in Amblyopia: Processing Geometric Properties.

Although fellow eyes of amblyopia are typically considered normal, recent studies have revealed impairments in certain aspects of vision. However, it remains unclear at which level of object processing these impairments occur. This study aims to investigate the functional level of visual perception impairment in the fellow eye of children and adults with amblyopia using the geometric functional hierarchy discrimination task based on Klein Mathematics methodology. Seventy-six patients with amblyopia (40 children and 36 adults) and 77 age-matched healthy controls (40 children and 37 adults) were recruited for this study. The participants completed four sets of geometric hierarchies (in ascending order of stability: Euclidean, affine, projective, and topology) and one set of color discrimination tasks. They were instructed to rapidly and accurately select a distinct shape from the four quadrants. The participants' performance was evaluated using the inverse efficiency (IE) score (IE = response time (RT)/accuracy). The results of IEs show that the fellow eye of children with amblyopia exhibits normal topological processing, yet displays higher IEs in other geometric properties and color processing, suggesting impairments in these specific discrimination abilities. However, adults with amblyopia did not show deficits on any discrimination types compared with adult controls. The lack of compromised topological processing suggests that amblyopia may not have inflicted any damage to the subcortical visual pathways. Furthermore, these deficits observed in the fellow eye tend to diminish significantly during adulthood, implying that amblyopia may potentially hinder the maturation process of the fellow eye.

Правові механізми забезпечення інформаційної безпеки в Україні

The article considers the legal mechanisms for ensuring information security. It has been proven that today, more than ever, when there is a war in Ukraine, the issue of ensuring information security becomes especially relevant and significant, as the information space becomes a “battlefield” on a par with the war front. Enemy forces actively use informational and psychological operations to destabilize the situation inside our country, create panic, spread fakes and undermine trust in state institutions. In these conditions, the state’s policy becomes important, which should be integral and effective in countering these threats. An effective state policy in the field of information security will help ensure society’s resilience to information threats, strengthen trust in state institutions, and maintain stability in crisis conditions. The author’s understanding of information security is offered as a state of security of information resources and information systems, which ensures their confidentiality, integrity, availability and reliability, as well as protection against unauthorized access, disclosure, modification, destruction and other forms of abuse that may lead to a violation of national security, economic stability and social order. The main components of information security, which are the basis for information security for the state as a whole, individual bodies or private enterprises, are called confidentiality, integrity and availability. The main components of the mechanism for ensuring information security, in the opinion of the author, should be: technical (creation of appropriate technical infrastructure to ensure the functioning of information security), political (development of state policy aimed at ensuring information security) and legal (adoption of high-quality normative legal acts that will determine all information security measures). These three components complement each other and are key to creating an effective system of protection against information threats.

Deciphering the Differential Origin of Hydrogen Bonds in the Normal and Tautomer Forms of 7‐Azaindole:Piperidin‐2‐one Hydrogen‐Bonded Complex: Excited‐State Double Proton Transfer

AbstractThe excited‐state double proton transfer (ESDPT) reaction in the intermolecular hydrogen‐bonded complex 7‐azaindole:piperidin‐2‐one is investigated by quantum chemical calculations with particular emphasis on the H‐bonding interactions within the system. The natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations show that the X─H···Y H‐bonds in the studied complexes, namely, 7‐azaindole:piperidin‐2‐one (N‐form) and 7H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine:3,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridin‐2‐ol (T‐form, proton transferred tautomer) are aptly described by hyperconjugative charge transfer effect ( is non‐bonded lone‐pair on Y‐atom). That the hyperconjugation effect outplays the rehybridization effect is invoked to account for the observed red‐shifting H‐bonds in harmony with the Bent's rule. The differential nature of interactions underlying the origin of X─H···Y H‐bonds in the complexes (N‐form and T‐form) is explored from atoms‐in‐molecules (AIM) calculations. The H‐bonds in the N‐form are found to have a primarily electrostatic origin (closed‐shell interaction) whereas the relatively stronger H‐bonds in the T‐form are assisted by contribution from shared‐shell (covalent) interaction. The nonoccurrence of the double‐proton transfer reaction in the S0 state is argued from the large barrier for the transformation N‐form → T‐form (N‐form constitutes the global minimum on the S0‐PEC), whereas the stability order is reversed together with a marked reduction of the energy barrier in the S1‐PEC accounting for the ESDPT process.

A new pair of block techniques for direct integration of third-order singular IVPs

This paper proposes a new pair of block techniques (NPBT) for the direct solution of third-order singular initial-value problems (IVPs). The proposed method uses a polynomial and two intermediate points to approximate the theoretical solution of third-order singular IVPs, resulting in a reasonable approximation within the integration interval. The method's essential features, including stability and convergence order, are analyzed. The proposed NPBT method is improved by using an embedding-like strategy that allows it to be executed in a variable step size mode in order to gain better efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed method is assessed using various model problems. The approximate solution provided by the proposed NPBT method is more accurate than that of the existing methods utilized for comparison. This efficient solution positions NPBT as a good numerical method for integrating third-order singular IVP models in the fields of applied sciences and engineering.