Order Of Malta Research Articles

Bulharská carevna Eleonora v pamětech Marie Therese hraběnky Collalto

This research provides an insight into the life and actions of Bulgarian Tsarina Eleonora, née Reuss zu Köstritz, during 1915–1917, as narrated in the memoir Erlebtes und Geschautes written by Maria Therese Collalto. Collalto was an aristocrat who participated in the Order of Malta’s mission to Bulgaria during the First World War and encountered Queen Eleonora, her childhood acquaintance. To comprehend the information about Eleonora provided in the memoir, the history of Bulgaria, Ferdinand I, the familial background of Maria Therese Collalto, and the life of the Queen herself are briefly summarised. Besides the life and actions of the Queen herself, the important figures of social life that Marie Therese met during her service to Sofia are also described.

Muralist Art as an Exotic Source of Inspiration for Soviet-era Art and for Intelligence Officers: The Artists and the Explorers of Their Work

The article discusses some exotic sources of artistic inspiration in the Soviet Union, Soviet-era Lithuanian art, and the works inspired by them. It focuses on a non-European source of art – the work of Mexican muralist artists – three greats, los tres grandes, members of the “progressive”, Communist Party José Clemente Orozco (1883–1949), Diego Rivera (1886–1957), and David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896–1974). Even if only partially, taking advantage of the creative achievements of Mexican artists was one of the opportunities to realise some of the aspirations of modernisation during the Soviet era in the form of art, either through sincere admiration or under the guise of socially-engaged interest. The focus is on the mutual Latin-American- Soviet ideological, political, and cultural contexts at the time and the pre-Columbian art that inspired Mexican muralists. It touches on Cuba’s unique role in the socialistcamp as an important mediator between the USA, Western Europe, and the Soviet Union and on the enigmatic figure of Roger Garaudy, the French prophet of modernisation. It presents knowledge that has not come to the attention of scholars, which emerged after glasnost and perestroika or relatively recently, especially through the publication of memoirs of some declassified Soviet intelligence missions, residents, and stories related to these Latin American artists, especially to D. A. Siqueiros and to the researcher of his work, Iosif Grigulevich, an NKVD killer with origins in Lithuania. He had an incredible career as an intelligence officer: after World War II, he led the NKVD residencies in Latin America and did serious diplomatic work representing a foreign country, Costa Rica. His Karaite appearance and the legend he had created made him a Costa Rican citizen, the son of a millionaire, and led him to an incredible career in Costa Rican diplomatic service by becoming an envoy to three countries, Italy, the Vatican, and Yugoslavia. In 1952, Pope Pius XII awarded him with the Order of Malta, and the President of Venezuela with the Order of Francisco de Miranda; he received the highest state awards of Chile, Bolivia, and Uruguay. In 1953, Beria recalled him from Latin America in order to methodically “handle” the experienced Soviet intelligence officers. In the Soviet Union, Grigulevich was left without even a minimum pension, but he did not give up and started writing books, publishing some 20 biographical books about famous people in Latin America (Simon Bolivar, Salvador Allende, and others). In 1965, he defended his dissertation for the degree of candidate of sciences (the equivalent of the doctorate). Before the KGB declassified the information, he was only a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1979), a writer, a noted atheist and an art critic who published a book on Siqueiros. The intelligence officer was lucky: he died in his homeland, in bed at his home.

Ceci n'est pas un État: The Order of Malta and the Holy See as precedents for deterritorialized statehood?

AbstractSinking island States have become allegories of the Anthropocene and a symbol of the radical violence of climate change. Various theories have been advanced supporting the continued existence of sunken islands as deterritorialized States. A common view among advocates of the deterritorialized statehood thesis is that, while at odds with the dominant concept of States as territorial entities, it is supported by precedent. In this article, we engage critically with this strand of argument and argue that the appeal to precedent raises important paradoxes for the continuation thesis. We seek to make clear that a landless State in the full sense of the term is a proposition for which there is, in actual fact, no precedent in international law and that some of the precedents that are cited in support of deterritorialised statehood—such as the Order of Malta and the Holy See—are precedents of non‐State sovereign entities. Pursuing deterritorialized existence on the basis of those precedents would therefore involve a downgrade from State to non‐State status, an outcome we show to be normatively undesirable.

Malta’s tourism potential


 
 
 
 Methods of estimation of tourist and recreational resources are traced; the analysis of natural tourist and recreational resources of the Republic of Malta is carried out; the analysis of historical and cultural tourist and recreational resources of the country is carried out; a point assessment of the country’s provision of tourist and recreational resources; the place of the Republic of Malta on the tourist market of Ukraine is revealed. The Republic of Malta is one of the few countries in the world with such a large and diverse historical and cultural site. The lands of the country have experienced centuries of historical events, after which there are memories in the form of cathedrals, palaces, museums, fortifications, etc. Malta has been established as a country with an ancient history. It has a large number of unique cultural monuments, as there were Carthaginians and Phoenicians, Roman and Byzantine empires, Arabs, knights of the Order of St. John, Napoleon, the British Empire. The country’s historical and cultural tourist resources make it interesting for tourists to visit. Malta has a great historical past, which has left a great legacy in the form of ancient fortresses, churches, cathedrals, majestic palaces. The UNESCO World Heritage Site is no exception for the country; there are 3 of them in the list. There are 7 sites in the country that are also currently candidates for inclusion in the World Heritage List. The country is rich in fortifications; there are 35 units in the country, which are of particular interest for tourists. Most of the fortifications were built during the Order of Malta to fortify the country from invaders. The natural conditions of Malta, which are the basis for tourism development, are analyzed. Methods for estimating the tourist potential of the country have been studied, in particular: normative-index, balance, graphic, cartographic, expert, statistical and mathematical methods, scoring. Integrated indicators for each region of Malta were determined using a score. Three categories of regions have been identified according to the assessment of the tourist potential of the territory.
 
 
 

Le commende gerosolimitane nella Terraferma veneziana (secoli XVI–XVIII): identificazione e amministrazione

Abstract The comparative analysis of the sources preserved at the Archivio del Gran Priorato di Lombardia e Venezia and the Archives of the Order of Malta in the National Library of Malta, have made it possible to quantify and identify the lands owned by the Order of Malta on the Venetian mainland – the Terraferma – between the 16th and the 18th centuries. The archival documentation, further corroborated by research in the Archives of Venice, Padua and Verona, uncovered a vast range of situations, yet to be studied and linked to the properties owned by the knights in Veneto. Furthermore, the documentation sheds some light not only on the knights to whom the Commanderies were assigned, but also on the vast number of people who actively participated in the life and administration of the properties owned by the Order of Malta in the Terraferma.

A Blueprint for Survival: Low-Lying Island States, Climate Change, and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

This article examines the relevance of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta as a precedent for safeguarding the legal existence of Low-Lying Island States threatened by climate change and the rise in sea levels. The unprecedented nature of this phenomenon means international law offers no unequivocal guidance on the way forward for threatened States. As a result, most solutions to this problem rely either on the creation of new legal instruments, the reinterpretation of existing norms, or (to varying extents) on the goodwill of other States. However, due to its State-like characteristics, and existence independent from a territorial claim, non-State sovereign entities of international law such as the Sovereign Order of Malta could provide an interesting blueprint for a Low-Lying Island State to transit towards once the indicia of statehood becomes vulnerable to possible challenges. The core of the Sovereign Order of Malta’s sovereignty is discussed and outlined, followed by a survey of the relevance and added value of this option for threatened low-lying island States.

The life and career of a Knight of Malta in the age of secularisation: Michele Enrico Sagramoso (1720–1791). The Order of Malta and the First Partition of Poland

For contemporary and arguably disinterested British observers, the First Partition of Poland by Russia, Prussia and Austria in 1772 was an “immoral act of appropriation”. This “most flagrant violation of natural justice and international law” was perpetrated by three absolute monarchs whose coordinated actions simultaneously removed the political threat of a progressive neighbour and delivered significant territorial gains, whilst cynically claiming to restore the balance of power in Europe. The 1772 Partition of Poland took place at the height of the Enlightenment, a movement which challenged the ancien regime and its mutually reinforcing pillars of the Church and State. This article examines the career of Michele Enrico Sagramoso, a key actor in the manoeuvres that normalised the 1772 Partition. Sagromoso was both the epitome of an enlightened, progressive European and a committed and successful diplomat in the service of the Church’s Order of Malta. An examination of Sagramoso’s intertwined personal and diplomatic connections helps to explain the success of his mission to Poland and how his efforts facilitated the part-recovery of a contested bequest for the Order, timed and prosecuted at the peak of the Partition crisis. This article contends that Sagramoso significantly contributed to the destabilisation of the already fractured Polish-Lithuanian Parliament, and his actions were both actively supported by and benefited the 1772 Partition agenda of Russia, Prussia and Austria. The 1772 Partition and the Polish question became “the most complex diplomatic affair of the entire eighteenth century.”

Return to Sport after ACL Reconstruction using Hamstring Tendon: Analyzing 51 Cases from Maltas Hospital in Dakar

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a frequent lesion in athletes. It is incompatible with the practice of high-level sport, especially pivot and contact-pivot ones. The purpose of the ACL reconstruction is to allow the athlete to resume the practice of same sport at the same level. The study involved 51 sports patients operated for ACL reconstruction at the Order of Malta’s Hospital center in Dakar during the period from 1 January 2011 to 31 May 2014. The average age of patients was 26.3 years with a male predominance (92.15%). These were professional athletes in 37.25%, amateur in 31.37%, and leisure in 31.37% of the cases. The sport was contact-pivot in 96.6% of the cases, mainly football. The objective functional evaluation was performed using the Lysholm-Tegner scale and laximetry using the GNRB arthrometer. The overall sporting recovery rate was 96% with 54.9% recovery in the same sport at the same level. Professional athletes were 42 times more likely to resume the same sport at the same level as amateurs. Recovery times were 4.7 months for line sports, 9.2 months for pivot / contact-pivot and 11.3 months for the resumption of competition. These delays were shorter for professionals with a return to pivot sport at 8 months. Apprehension and fear of a new injury were the main reason for sport's downtime or decline. Functional and anatomical results were good with a mean Lysholm score of 91% and a GNRB differential of 2.87. No independent factor was predictive of returning to sport at the same level. Returning to sports activity is very likely after an ACL ligamentoplasty, but the return to the same sport at the same level is more uncertain, in the order of 55% despite satisfactory anatomical and functional results, confirming the important role of other factors such as psychological coaching and sport-specific rehabilitation.

Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction Using Hamstring Tendon at the Order of Malta's Hospital Center in Dakar

The diagnosis is based mainly on clinical examination (Lachman test, anterior drawer test, and pivot shift test). These tests have very different sensitivities and specificities depending on the experience of the examiner, the patient's body type, and the delay between the accident and examination . Recently, a new arthrometer, the GNRB (Genourob, Laval, France) was developed to alleviate the difficulties of using the KT-1000 with partially trained examiners Thearthrometer is powered and incorporates pressure and movement sensors facilitating more accurate measurements.

Kids’ Own Publishing Partnership: Raising the Status of Children’s Voices in Ireland and Australia

Kids’ Own Publishing Partnership: Raising the Status of Children’s Voices in Ireland and Australia Orla Kenny (bio), Jo Holmwood (bio), Victoria Ryle (bio), and Simon Spain (bio) Children need love because if we didn’t have love we wouldn’t learn how to love. … The Troubles have been part of my family history. My granddad was in the Order of Malta and he was shot at on Bloody Sunday. My dad was hit by a rubber bullet and it was very painful. My mummy and daddy used to hear a lot of gunshots. I’ve never heard gunfire in real life. I don’t think my mum and dad will ever forget about the Troubles but they don’t mention it. (From Ding, Dong, Right or Wrong, Kids’ Own Publishing Partnership, Ireland, 2010) When we were living in Africa, there was a lot of fighting all around us. When my mum was born and when she was growing up, there was a lot of fighting. When I was born there was fighting and it still goes on today. We never felt safe. (“My Nice Uncle—The story of Nyakim Ruach,” Donkeys Can’t Fly on Planes, Kids’ Own Publishing, Australia 2012. Selected for the White Ravens catalogue, 2014) [End Page 60] Why should any society listen to children? How can we, as adults, support children’s individuality and their creative expression? How can we make space for children as active cultural agents within their communities and on a global level? In the words of IBBY’s founder, Jella Lepman, “Let us set this upside down world right again by starting with the children. They will show the grown-ups the way to go” (qtd. in Said). In its twenty-year history, Kids’ Own Publishing has turned the publishing paradigm upside-down to give a platform for children’s voices in two countries. Kids’ Own Publishing Partnership, established in Ireland in 1997 and then in Australia in 2003, operates from a social change model that seeks to address what we perceive as a dismissal of children’s voices and their contribution to the societies in which they live, in Ireland and Australia. Kids’ Own strives to promote and give status to children’s lives and experiences through publishing and the arts. Founded by artist and printmaker Simon Spain and educator Victoria Ryle, the organisation evolved from a workshop model developed in the 1980s that provided a unique platform for children to make hand-printed limited edition books—long before the technology revolution. The ethos was about engaging children with a meaningful creative process through which they could develop a sense of agency and ownership and be active makers in the cultural field. This process involved the children developing artwork collaboratively alongside the professional artist through an open-ended and non-directive way of working. The name “Kids’ Own” was borne out of a desire to support children in owning their own work and to celebrate a rights-based approach to children’s cultural engagement. In our view, children everywhere have very little visibility as active cultural citizens. From its inception, Kids’ Own has developed a disruptive approach to publishing by recognising children’s need to be seen and heard within Irish and Australian society and supporting the voice of children and, increasingly, marginalized communities of children in both countries. If children as citizens are overlooked and undervalued in terms of the contributions they can make as active cultural agents, those from marginalized communities have a double disadvantage—with voices that are almost completely silent to the ears of the mainstream. Through the publication of children’s voices and experiences, Kids’ Own strives to counter the perception that publishing is the reserve of an elite few and offer an egalitarian context within which the artwork and writing of children can have the same status as that of adults. The insights gathered from children through a creative and meaningful process can be tender and poetic, shocking, humorous, or sad. In I Can Taste the Rain, Aaron observes, “The tide was out. The moon drinks the tide and spits it out.” In Bouncing Away, Tony says: “When I feel angry I stop smiling...

Canvas support impregnation materials and techniques: a study of Portuguese painting and its conservation issues

This paper focuses on the study of oil based coating impregnations, applied in the past, on the reverse of Portuguese painting canvas supports.The scientific study of the impregnation materials found in the painting “The Knight of the Order of Malta” (18th century) was carried out on samples using several analytical techniques – Optical Microscopy (OM) under visible reflected and polarised light and ultraviolet fluorescence (UV); Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (transmission and FTIR-ATR), and Scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) – in order to identify the materials and the techniques used in this practice.

Nicholas Tonti-Filippini

Nicholas Tonti-Filippini

Kasuistik – Fontan-Patient auf dem Southside Festival –60 000 Besucher / 119 999 Herzkammern

Patients with univentricular congenital heart disease are treated with Fontan-procedure for more than 40 years resulting in mainly good life-quality for pediatric and now more and more adult patients. Due to prolonged life expectation and adequate physical state, adolescent and adult Fontan-patients participate in normal life activities like the main population. Mass events like open-air concerts and sport events belong to these activities.Since 1999 the Southside Festival is one of the main open air events in southern Germany with about 60.000 visitors. Visitors with minor or major health problems are treated by emergency response services like the German Red Cross, the German St Johns Ambulance and the German Order of Malta. The article refers to the special pathophysiology and management of Fontan-patients in emergency and anaesthesiologic settings based on a case report from the Southside Festival. Due to increasing "fontanpopulation" profound education of attending physicians and paramedics is inevitable to provide good quality in prehospital and innerhospital care.

Where Two Crosses Met: Religious Accommodation between a Reformed Protestant Community and a Commandery of the Order of Malta (Loudun, circa 1560–1660)

This article represents a local study investigating the relations between the commandery of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and a Reformed Protestant community from about 1560 to 1660. The chosen locality is the French provincial town of Loudun and the article spans the French Wars of Religion and the period of recovery and reconstruction beyond. The relationship between Loudun's commandery and Reformed community manifests the sometimes astonishing interplay of conflict, accommodation, and necessity. The Protestant use of the commandery's church enabled the Reformed community to entrench itself in Loudun and remain there until the Crown revoked all the civil and religious prerogatives that it had granted to this religious minority. For its part, the commandery's fortunes and misfortunes became tied to that Reformed Protestant presence. The commandery's recovery in the first half of the seventeenth century in part drew upon the momentum of the Catholic resurgence, but the earlier Protestant use of the commandery's church and the repairs that the Protestants effectuated on the edifice gave the commandery a foothold in that process of recovery. This at times begrudged interdependence between commandery and Reformed community allowed for something resembling cross-confessional relations where one would least expect to find them.

Homily at the White Mass for Catholic Doctors, Nurses, and Medical Personnel February 15, 2010

Abstract The new Kansas City chapter of the Catholic Medical Association arranged with the help of the Order of Malta a commemorative Mass of Our Lady of Lourdes at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Kansas City, Missouri, in February this year. Concelebrants included Archbishop Joseph F. Naumann and retired Archbishop James P. Keleher of Kansas City, Kansas; and Bishop Robert W. Finn and retired Bishop Raymond J. Boland of Kansas City-St. Joseph, Missouri.

The Continuing Question of Sovereignty and the Sovereign Military Order of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta

The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is the only organisation currently recognised, albeit by a minority of States, as quasi-sovereign. The article begins with a brief look at the concepts of sovereignty and statehood as traditionally understood. The case of the Order of Malta is then examined in its historical context, and the basis for its claimed sovereignty assessed. Recent reconsideration of the concept of State sovereignty, and challenges to the State, are then considered. The lessons from the example of the Order of Malta for the relationship of territory and statehood are evaluated.

IN SEARCH OF A MEDITERRANEAN BASE: THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN AND RUSSIA'S GREAT POWER PLANS DURING THE RULE OF TSAR PETER THE GREAT AND TSARINA CATHERINE II

AbstractRossiya yest' yevropeyskaya derzhava ("Russia is a European power") was Tsarina Catherine II's credo and program, a logical continuation of the policy of Tsar Peter the Great. Malta and the Order of St. John played an important role in Catherine's plan: the island of the knights was to serve as a bridgehead for a permanent Russian presence in the Mediterranean. Already in 1698 Tsar Peter had sent delegations and diplomats to Hospitaller Malta to negotiate a Russo-Maltese alliance against the Ottomans. In the 1760s a Russian chargé d'affaires was installed in Malta and the famous fleet of the Order was used by Russian officers for training, and in 1768 a plan was drawn up for a joint Russo-Maltese naval attack on the Greek mainland. But such moves must have brought about the united opposition of the Mediterranean powers as well as of that of the British. Even in such a "holy war" against their infidel archenemy, which would have been in perfect accord with its statutes, the Order of St. John could no longer act freely. Officially, France remained the main protector of the Order's neutrality, so until the end of the Ancien régime the Order did not risk an open alliance with Russia. In the long run, however, Tsarina Catherine's insistence had paved the way for extremely close Russo-Maltese relations to come when her son Paul became tsar and even was proclaimed as the new grand master of the Order of Malta.

The Baume du Chevalier de St-Victor otherwise the Baume du Commandeur de Pernes

The Baume du Commandeur de Pernes was studied in 1929 and the Commandeur identified by M. Bouvet; the origin of its synonym introduced by N. Lemery (1715), i.e. the Baume du Chevalier de St-Victor had not been elucidated up to now. The author's proposals, based upon genealogical data, are the following: two brothers Chevalier de St-Victor were enrolled in the Order of Malta in 1624 at St Gilles (Languedoc); one of them was able to transmit the Balm's formula to N. Lemery during his stay in Montpellier between 1668 and 1671. The geographically very different origins of the Commander and the Knight should prove perhaps that a basic pharmaceutical formulary common at least to all the French Commanderies was existing at that time. In the other hand, the fluctuations of the formula since the XVIIth century have been reported.

Attempts to revive the Order of Malta in Stuart England

Just defeated at the Boyne, James II was now demoralized, and took no further effective action to replace William III in Whitehall. Yet his rhetoric remained martial as he requested the knights of Malta to pray that God might grant him success against the protestant usurper.' Of course there was no likelihood of military assistance from Malta, and James did not expect such. Rather he was unburdening himself to his own kind: catholic knights whose own Hospitaller Order of St John of Jerusalem had weathered many catastrophes similar to James's present ruin, whether it had been their expulsion first from Jerusalem and then from Cyprus and Rhodes or their near-loss of Malta to the Turks in the Great Siege of I565. James's letter, however, also set the seal on the half a century of frustrated negotiations between the Order and a variety of English catholics.

Charles II, Louis XIV and the Order of Malta

Charles II, Louis XIV and the Order of Malta