Order Of Information Presentation Research Articles

The word order in multicomponent culinary synonyms of the Russian and Chinese languages and its influence on the perception of information about the dish

In the modern world, against the background of globalization, the tendency to carefully preserve regional and national customs is manifested in the growing interest in the culinary traditions of different peoples. Restaurants of national cuisines of different nations are becoming popular in the world; against this background, modeling of optimal ways of gastronomic nomination, which is in demand by business, is relevant. An important component of the formation of ideas about the dish is the order of presentation of information, which is reflected in the order of words. Following stereotypes developed within the framework of other languages and cultures can influence the recipient's perception of information. The object of the study is the influence of ways of presenting information about the composition and qualitative characteristics of a dish on the client's consciousness. The subject is the differences in the order in which information about the dish is presented on the menu in Russian and Chinese. Russian culinary names obtained by the method of continuous sampling from restaurant menus (1319 units), data from a questionnaire aimed at clarifying the preferences of native speakers of the Russian language when choosing a dish (142 questionnaires) are the material of the study. The analysis of the usual word order in elementary phrases that make up culinary names is based on quantitative and descriptive methods. The analysis revealed the most significant differences between the accepted order of information presentation in Russian and Chinese culinary names. The place of lexemes indicating the type of dish, culinary tradition, main ingredients, side dishes and sauces in Russian and Chinese culinary names often does not coincide. Russian, as a language with a free word order, presents a greater variety of types of information structures, while the word order is limited not only by grammatical rules, but also by various traditions of gastronomic nomination adopted in Russian and Chinese cultures. Cultural stereotypes are reflected in the order in which information is provided about cooking methods, dishes and the quality characteristics of the dish. Even in cases where calculating does not lead to errors in the Russian menu, following other people's traditions can cause misunderstanding and laughter, which must be taken into account when nominating a dish.

The Effect of Information Presentation Order on Residents' Diagnostic Accuracy of Online Simulated Patients With Chest Pain.

Physicians may receive diagnostic information in different orders, and there is a lack of empirical evidence that the order of presentation may influence clinical reasoning. We investigated whether diagnostic accuracy of chest pain cases is influenced by the order of presentation of the history and electrocardiogram (EKG) to cardiology residents. We conducted an experimental study during a resident training in 2019. Twelve clinical cases were presented in 2 diagnostic rounds. Residents were randomly allocated to seeing the EKG first (EKGF) or the history first (HF). The mean diagnostic accuracy scores (range 0-1) and confidence level (0-100) in each diagnostic round and time needed to make the diagnosis were evaluated. The final diagnostic accuracy was higher than the initial in both groups. After the first round, diagnostic accuracy was higher in HF (n=24) than in EKGF (n=28). Time taken to judge the history was comparable in both groups. Time taken to judge the EKG was shorter in HF (40±11 vs 64±13 seconds; P<.01). Time invested in the second round was significantly correlated with changing the initial diagnosis. A significant difference was observed in confidence ratings after the initial diagnosis, with EKGF reporting less confidence relative to HF. The order in which history and EKG are presented influences the clinical reasoning process.

Designing for Confidence: The Impact of Visualizing Artificial Intelligence Decisions.

Explainable artificial intelligence aims to bring transparency to artificial intelligence (AI) systems by translating, simplifying, and visualizing its decisions. While society remains skeptical about AI systems, studies show that transparent and explainable AI systems can help improve the Human-AI trust relationship. This manuscript presents two studies that assess three AI decision visualization attribution models that manipulate morphological clarity (MC) and two information presentation-order methods to determine each visualization’s impact on the Human-AI trust relationship through increased confidence and cognitive fit (CF). The first study, N = 206 (Avg. age = 37.87 ± 10.51, Male = 123), utilized information presentation methods and visualizations delivered through an online experiment to explore trust in AI by asking participants to complete a visual decision-making task. The second study, N = 19 (24.9 ± 8.3 years old, Male = 10), utilized eye-tracking technology and the same stimuli presentation methods to investigate if cognitive load, inferred through pupillometry measures, mediated the confidence-trust relationship. The results indicate that low MC positively impacts Human-AI trust and that the presentation order of information within an interface in terms of adjacency further influences user trust in AI. We conclude that while adjacency and MC significantly affect cognitive load, cognitive load alone does not mediate the confidence-trust relationship. Our findings interpreted through a combination of CF, situation awareness, and ecological interface design have implications for the design of future AI systems, which may facilitate better collaboration between humans and AI-based decision agents.

Fresh in My Mind! Investigating the effects of the order of presenting opportunistic and restrictive design for additive manufacturing content on students’ creativity

To capitalise the design freedoms enabled by additive manufacturing (AM), designers must employ opportunistic and restrictive design for AM (O- and R-DfAM respectively). The order of information presentation influences the retrieval of said information; however, there is a need to explore this effect within DfAM. We compared four variations in DfAM education: (1) O-DfAM followed by R-DfAM, (2) R-DfAM followed by O-DfAM, (3) only O-DfAM, and (4) only R-DfAM by evaluating: (1) students’ DfAM self-efficacy, (2) their self-reported DfAM use, and (3) design creativity. All students trained in DfAM demonstrated an increase in R-DfAM self-efficacy; however, only students trained in O-DfAM, with or without R-DfAM, reported an increase in O-DfAM self-efficacy. Furthermore, students trained in R-DfAM first followed by O-DfAM generated more creative ideas.

Effect of CSR Information Presentation Order on Stakeholder Decision-Making

A growing number of diverse stakeholders are demanding information about broader social and environmental dimensions of organizational performance. We examine how the order of data presentation impacts the way that decision-makers incorporate sustainability information into their judgments about company performance and whether such an effect depends on the decision-maker’s goal preferences. Results from an experiment that includes eye tracking observations provide evidence that corporate social responsibility (CSR) measures are processed longer than financial measures and that both goal preferences and information contained in the first set of information they see impacts how decision-makers frame their performance evaluations.

Faaliyet Raporlarında Metin Sıralamasının Profesyonel Olmayan Yatırımcı Kararlarına Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Profesyonel olmayan yatırımcıların karar alma sürecinde, faaliyet raporlarındaki metin sıralaması ile grafiklerin bulunmasının bir etkisinin olup olmadığını tespit etmeyi amaçlayan araştırmada anket yöntemi uygulanmış olup, 422 öğrenciden örneklem üzerinde çalışma yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Anket kapsamına SDÜ’de eğitim görüp üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıfa devam eden İşletme, Bankacılık ve Finans, İktisat ve Maliye bölümleri başta olmak üzere diğer bölüm ve lisansüstü öğrencileri de dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören bir market zinciri şirketine ait 2018 yılı faaliyet raporunu kullanılmıştır. Sonuçların istatistiki anlamlılığını test etmek için Mann- Whitney U Test kullanılmıştır.Araştırmada bilgi aktarımında planlı sunum sıralanmasından dolayı, profesyonel olmayan yatırımcıların yenilik etkisine duyarlı oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır. Başka bir ifade ile yatırımcının, faaliyet raporlarında olumlu bilgilerin ve gelişmelerin raporun sonunda olduğunda, şirkete bakış açısı olumlu olmaktadır, bu sonuç olumsuz bilgiler için de geçerlidir. Olumsuz bilgilerden hemen sonra olumlu bir grafiğin sunulması, yatırımcının kararı üzerinde neredeyse hiçbir etkiye sahip olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Genel olarak, yenilik etkisi, İİBF öğrencileri ve özellikle Maliye bölümünde ortaya çıkmıştır ve İİBF öğrencisi olmayan kontrol grubunda bu etki bulunmamıştır. Tüm öğrencilerin sonuçları; bilgi sunum sıralanmasının yatırım kararını etkilemezken, yatırım miktarı ile gelir beklentisi üzerinde bir etkisi bulunmuştur. Bütün olarak (Bankacılık ve Finans, İşletme, İktisat ve Maliye) bölümlerin sonuçları; bilgi sunum sıralanmasının yatırım kararı, yatırım miktarı, gelir beklentisi ile şirketin değerlendirilmesini etkilemiştir. İİBF diğer bölümlerde okuyan öğrencilerin durumunda, yatırım kararına ilişkin öncelik etkisi bulunmuştur. Bulunan yenilik etkisi, erkek ve finansal okuryazarlık düzeyi yüksek olan öğrencilerin kararlarında bulunmayıp sadece kadın ve finansal okuryazarlık düzeyi düşük olan öğrenciler kararlarında bulunmuştur.Faaliyet raporların hazırlama sürecinde; bu raporun içerdiği bilgilerin doğru olması ile istatistiki verilerin ve analizlerin sade ve açık olması dikkat edilmesi gereken hususların başındadır. Ancak, araştırmada ulaşılan bulgular, bilgilerde bir değişiklik olmadığı halde, bilgi sunum sıralanmasında yapılan değişikliklerin profesyonel olmayan yatırımcının kararını, şirketin lehine etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, sonuçlar bu tür belgelerin üzerindeki uygulanan denetim işlemlerinin güçlendirilmesinin gerekliliğini göstermektedir.

Understanding the Effect of Information Presentation Order and Orientation on Information Search and Treatment Evaluation.

Past research finds that treatment evaluations are more negative when risks are presented after benefits. This study investigates this order effect: manipulating tabular orientation and order of risk-benefit information, and examining information search order and gaze duration via eye-tracking. 108 (Study 1) and 44 (Study 2) participants viewed information about treatment risks and benefits, in either a horizontal (left-right) or vertical (above-below) orientation, with the benefits or risks presented first (left side or at top). For 4 scenarios, participants answered 6 treatment evaluation questions (1-7 scales) that were combined into overall evaluation scores. In addition, Study 2 collected eye-tracking data during the benefit-risk presentation. Participants tended to read one set of information (i.e., all risks or all benefits) before transitioning to the other. Analysis of order of fixations showed this tendency was stronger in the vertical (standardized mean rank difference further from 0, M = ± .88) than horizontal orientation ( M = ± 0.71). Approximately 50% of the time was spent reading benefits when benefits were shown first, but this was reduced to ~40% when risks were presented first (regression coefficient: B = -4.52, p < .001). Eye-tracking measures did not strongly predict treatment evaluations, although time percentage reading benefits positively predicted evaluation when holding other variables constant ( B = 0.02, p = .023). These results highlight the impact of seemingly arbitrary design choices on inspection order. For instance, presenting risks where they will be seen first leads to relatively less time spent considering treatment benefits. Other research suggests these changes to inspection order can influence multi-option and multi-attribute choices, and represent an area for future research.

“First in first out” or “last in first out”: Presentation of information order on evaluation of utilitarian products

This study investigates how the presentation order of information may affect the evaluation of utilitarian products. Three experiments with different conditions (hedonic/utilitarian product; experience/search advertisement; unattractive/attractive packaging) were conducted with a total of 334 participants in Macau. This study tests both the affective and cognitive product evaluation. The findings indicate that assimilation effect occurs if the search advertisement of a utilitarian product is presented before and if the consumers have better cognitive evaluation. When an experience advertisement is presented before, contrast effect occurs and affective evaluation is reduced. However, when unattractive packaging is presented before, assimilation effect occurs, and cognitive evaluation is increased. When attractive packaging is presented before, the consumers demonstrate a positive cognitive and affective evaluation for the utilitarian product. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of presentation order on the consumers’ evaluation of utilitarian products from theoretical and managerial perspectives.

Order effects in transitive inference: does the presentation order of social information affect transitive inference in social animals?

Transitive inference (TI) is the ability to infer social relationships between individuals (e.g. if A<B & B<C, then A<C), and has been documented in a variety of vertebrates. Many studies of TI use the task of inferring social dominance, where a subject animal A first interacts with B (e.g. A subordinate to B: A<B), and then observes the interaction of B and an unknown C (B<C), thereby inferring its own relationship with C (A<C). However, order effects are known to influence learning, especially in complex scenarios, and we do not know whether transitive inference depends on presentation order of social experiences, for any animal. Here we show that the cichlid Julidochromis transcriptus can correctly perform TI when social information is presented in the order opposite to that established in the literature. We find that focal individuals (A) can transitively infer their relationships with an unknown individual (C) when initially given indirect experience (i.e. eavesdropping that B<C) and then given direct experience (A<B). We conclude that J. transcriptus can infer social relationships independent of social information presentation order. We suggest that in this and many other species, transitive inference may occur in either presentation order, and future studies of TI should account for order effects of social information.

Sequential Summarization: A Full View of Twitter Trending Topics

As an information delivering platform, Twitter collects millions of tweets every day. However, some users, especially new users, often find it difficult to understand trending topics in Twitter when confronting the overwhelming and unorganized tweets. Existing work has attempted to provide a short snippet to explain a topic, but this only provides limited benefits and cannot satisfy the users' expectations. In this paper, we propose a new summarization task, namely sequential summarization, which aims to provide a serial of chronologically ordered short sub-summaries for a trending topic in order to provide a complete story about the development of the topic while retaining the order of information presentation. Different from the traditional summarization task, the numbers of sub-summaries for different topics are not fixed. Two approaches, i.e., stream-based and semantic-based approaches, are developed to detect the important subtopics within a trending topic. Then a short sub-summary is generated for each subtopic. In addition, we propose three new measures to evaluate the position-aware coverage, sequential novelty and sequence correlation of the system-generated summaries. The experimental results based on the proposed evaluation criteria have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Examining belief adjustment model on investment decision making

This research aims to examine the influence of order effects and response mode [a step by step (SbS) and an end of sequence (EoS)] or belief adjustment model on investment decisions making. The contribution of this research to the accounting literature is the existence of Belief Adjustment model developed by Hogarth and Einhorn that will be tested in this study in setting the investment decision. Experiment method is used to examine the research hypotheses. Final participant(s) in this research were (are) 93 people who are accounting students majoring in accounting at the private university in Surabaya, Indonesia. The results of this study show that a step by step (SbS) response mode tends to find significant recency effect, while judgment that require only one judgment at the end of the evidence series. Meanwhile, an end of sequence (EoS) response mode tends to find no recency effect. Practical implications of the research is to understand the impact of the presentation of accounting information, the order of information presentation, and the presentation of information investment decision pattern. For the Capital Market Supervisory Agency (BAPEPAM), this research may contribute to setting policies related to information order and disclosure pattern.

The influence of information presentation order and evaluation time horizon on the outcome effect

The outcome effect occurs when an evaluation is influenced by knowledge of the outcome, even when it is unclear that the outcome provides additional information about the evaluatee's performance. This phenomenon has received considerable attention in the accounting and psychology literatures, which rely on cognitive or motivational factors to account for the outcome effect. However, prior research has not considered the impact of information presentation order or the evaluation time horizon. We evaluate prior research in accounting and conclude that information presentation order could have significantly impacted the outcome effect observed in these studies. We then report the results of an experiment that provides evidence that information presentation order plays a significant role in the existence and magnitude of the outcome effect. In addition, we find that the length of the evaluation time horizon is positively related to the magnitude of the outcome effect when conditions favor a recency effect.

Effects of chronological presentation of information on processing and memory for broadcast news

This study shows that the order of information presentation in broadcast news stories influences recall and recognition of information contained in the newscast. Specifically, it was theorized that...

Making Sense of Client Data: Clinical Experience and Confirmationism Revisited

The purpose of this study was to examine if the order in which case file material is presented to clinicians and length of clinical experience affect clinical judgment. Using think-aloud procedures, 36 clinicians (trainees and veterans) diagnosed the case files of a middle-aged hospital outpatient. In one version, a neutral but vivid datum was placed near the start; in the second version it was placed toward the end. Protocols generated were coded on the dependent variables, confirmation and disconfirmation of earlier inferences, and dispositional and situational inferences. MANOVA results indicate that there is an interactive order-by-experience effect on proportion of confirmatory inferences articulated by participants. Other analyses indicate that order of information presentation but not level of practitioner experience is related to the variance in the proportion of contextual and dispositional inferences articulated by participants. Implications for praxis and for training programs are examined.

Order effects in sport: Examining the impact of order of information presentation on attributions of ability

Objectives The aim of the study was to examine the impact of the order in which information about a performer is received and the influence of observer experience and mode of responding. Method Male athletes (40 qualified soccer coaches, 40 soccer players and 40 non-soccer players) viewed a video of two soccer players (a control and target player) each performing a passing task eight times. For the control player, all participants saw the same footage in the same order. For the target player, participants viewed the same footage with half viewing a declining (successful to unsuccessful) performance pattern and half viewing an ascending pattern. Participants then rated the players on a range of descriptors. Results Multivariate analyses of variance indicated no differences in the ratings of the control player but did show primacy effects in the judgement of the target player's ability, control, attitude, speed of thought and athleticism. Primacy effects were observed regardless of the soccer experience of the participants and the judgement mode (end-of-sequence versus step-by-step). Conclusion The study supports the contention that the order in which performance information is received influences the overall attribution of ability.

The order effect in human abductive reasoning: an empirical and computational study

Belief revision, a process in which one revises one's current belief in the light of new information, is an essential component of human abductive reasoning. The order effect, a phenomenon in which the final belief is significantly affected by the temporal order of information presentation, is a robust empirical finding that is not compatible with normative theories such as Bayes’ theorem. In this article we explore, both empirically and computationally, how and why the order effect occurs. Both a tactical abductive reasoning task and a learning paradigm (the UECHO model) show that although a recency effect occurs at the beginning of the training, it decreases and disappears as the training continues. We conclude that when little is known about the uncertainty and the dynamics of the environment, the order effect results from one's coherently and dynamically adaptive expectations of the statistical properties of the environment.

Manipulating Processing Difficulty of Reading Comprehension Questions: The Feasibility of Verbal Item Generation

Based on a previously validated cognitive processing model of reading comprehension, this study experimentally examines potential generative components of text‐based multiple‐choice reading comprehension test questions. Previous research (Embretson &amp; Wetzel, 1987; Gorin &amp; Embretson, 2005; Sheehan &amp; Ginther, 2001) shows text encoding and decision processes account for significant proportions of variance in item difficulties. In the current study, Linear Logistic Latent Trait Model (LLTM; Fischer, 1973) parameter estimates of experimentally manipulated items are examined to further verify the impact of encoding and decision processes on item difficulty. Results show that manipulation of some passage features, such as increased use of negative wording, significantly increases item difficulty in some cases, whereas others, such as altering the order of information presentation in a passage, did not significantly affect item difficulty, but did affect reaction time. These results suggest that reliable changes in difficulty and response time through algorithmic manipulation of certain task features is feasible. However, non‐significant results for several manipulations highlight potential challenges to item generation in establishing direct links between theoretically relevant item features and individual item processing. Further examination of these relationships will be informative to item writers as well as test developers interested in the feasibility of item generation as an assessment tool.

Effects of Age on Utilization and Perceived Reliability of an Automated Decision-Making aid for Luggage Screening

An experiment examined the effects of age on utilization and perceived reliability of an imperfectly reliable decision-making aid in a luggage x-ray screening task. Forty-five young adults and 45 elderly adults performed a simulated luggage screening task. Some subjects were provided the assistance of an automated decision aid with a hit rate of .90 and a false alarm rate of .25. Others performed the task with no aid. Signal-detection analysis revealed that automation improved sensitivity only for younger participants, suggesting a tendency for older participants to underutilize the aid's recommendations. Data also revealed unique patterns of individual differences in cue reliance among older and younger participants. Perceived reliability of the aid did not differ between age groups. Order of information presentation (with the aid's recommendation coming before or after the raw data) had little effect for either age group.

Integrative Interpretation of Information Presentation Order Effects

Integrative Interpretation of Information Presentation Order Effects

Effects of information order, group assistance, and experience on auditors' sequential belief revision

This paper reports an experiment that examined how group choice shift and experience influenced the effect of information presentation order on auditors' belief updating with mixed evidence. Eighty-four practicing auditors completed a belief updating task involving a complex and ambiguous financial reporting judgment. The experimental findings indicated a recency effect on the level of final belief. In addition, group-assisted final beliefs reflected a choice shift in the direction of greater risk. Age, but not length of auditing experience, was significantly related to more conservative final beliefs. Implications of these findings for group-influenced sequential belief updating in auditing and other professional judgment settings are discussed.