Order Of Use Research Articles

Trypanocide Use and Molecular Characterization of Trypanosomes Resistant to Diminazene Aceturate in Cattle in Northern Côte D'Ivoire.

The resistance of trypanosomes to the doses of trypanocide administered by farmers to their animals acts as a real brake on efforts to control to combat African trypanosomiasis. Thus, in-depth knowledge of the use of these different molecules and their resistance profiles will be necessary to establish an integrated strategy to combat African trypanosomiasis. To achieve these objectives, a participatory survey among farmers and a resistance diagnosis of trypanosome strains identified in three regions of northern Côte d'Ivoire (Bagoué, Poro and Tchologo) was carried out using the PCR-RFLP technique, followed by sequencing of genes of interest. This study made it possible to identify three molecules that are commonly used by 85% (63/74) of farmers. In descending order of use, we identified Isometamidium chloride (43%), Diminazene aceturate (28%) and Homidium bromide (14%). Three species of trypanosomes, Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma. theileri and Trypanosoma vivax, were identified in farms, and only one strain had the adenosine transporter gene (Trypanosoma congolense), but this strain was sensitive to the Diminazene aceturate molecule. Comparison of the sequence of this trypanosome strain showed that it is different to the Kenyan strain diagnosed as resistant to the Diminazene aceturate molecule. This study shows that a variety of trypanocides are used by farmers, and that the resistance profile of the strains to the Diminazene aceturate molecule could not be observed. However, it is important to further investigate the other molecules encountered in Côte d'Ivoire.

Products and patterns through which adolescents, young adults, and adults initiate co-use of tobacco and cannabis

BackgroundCo-use of tobacco and cannabis is common. However, few studies have examined the temporal sequencing through which individuals initiate co-use, and how these patterns vary across age. This study addresses this gap by examining the specific products and temporal sequencing through which adolescents, young adults, and adults initiate co-use of tobacco and cannabis. Among adolescents, young adults, and adults who co-used tobacco and cannabis in the past 30 days, we examined (a) whether tobacco or cannabis was used first in their lifetime and (b) which specific tobacco or cannabis product (e.g., nicotine e-cigarettes, cannabis edibles) was the first used. MethodsData were from a cross-sectional national survey (N = 6,131, 13–40 years old) in which participants reported ever use, past-30-day-use, and order of use for 17 different tobacco and cannabis products. Results were analyzed overall and by age group (13–20; 21–24; 25–40). Results38.4% of participants reported use of both tobacco and cannabis in the past 30 days. Among these participants, 70.9% used tobacco first in their lifetime (66.6% < 21; 71.7% 21–24; 76.6% > 24). Approximately 60% of participants who initiated co-use with tobacco reported nicotine e-cigarettes as their first tobacco product (63.3% < 21; 66.7% 21–24; 49.6% > 24). ConclusionsThe majority of participants who used both tobacco and cannabis used tobacco first in their lifetime, and nicotine e-cigarettes were the most common form of tobacco initiation, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Findings emphasize the need for co-use prevention programs to target common products of initiation.

Theoretical and legislative approaches to the use of certain terms and concepts in the field of environmental safety

The scientific article highlights the legislative and theoretical approaches to the use of certain terms and concepts in the field of environmental safety, on the basis of which proposals are made for their optimal use in the relevant normative legal acts and in scientific circulation. It is noted that the stability of information and legal support, including in the environmental sphere, is possible subject to the unification of legislative terms, a clear normative consolidation of their content in order to have the same understanding and application in practice. It is concluded that the identification of the concepts of “ecology” and “environment” is erroneous, because “ecology” is that part of it that concerns the natural component of the environment. In this regard, as well as in view of the need to bring national legislation to international standards in the sphere under study, it is more appropriate to use the synonymous term “environment” for the concept of “environment,” which would cover not only the natural component, but also the habitat of mankind as a whole. Arguments are given that the most acceptable title of the relevant section (Book) of the future criminal law, which would take into account the content and meaning of the terms used in it, characterizing first of all the generic object of criminal offenses in the studied sphere, is the title “Criminal offenses against nature and environmental safety.” Such a structural unit of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine should contain both criminal offenses against environmental safety and torts against the environment, which are actually identified with criminal violations against the use of natural resources. After all, individual acts in this area can encroach both on relations against environmental safety and on the order of use of the state’s natural resources, while directly or indirectly affecting public health.

Some issues of improvement of criminal legal protection of relations in the field of environment

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of certain provisions of the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine aimed at regulating legal relations in the field of combating criminal offenses against the environment. Based on the analysis of scientific publications related to the reform of criminal legislation, attention is focused on the expediency of improving the system of combating environmental crime, adapting the national Criminal Code of Ukraine to the requirements of the European Union and achieving compliance with its requirements and goals. A scientific study of the content of the fifth and sixth Books of the Project, which are an attempt to normalize legal relations in the field of criminal and legal protection of the environment, was carried out. Arguments are given regarding the expediency of adjusting the structure and content of the Project's prescriptions in connection with the different location of individual norms of its Special Part, united by a common generic object. In particular, an opinion has been developed regarding the separation of the Book on criminal offenses against the environment, which should include the chapters devoted to criminal offenses against environmental safety and criminal offenses against the order of use and protection of natural resources placed in other Books of the Project. In addition, based on the results of the research, the need to determine the most appropriate name for the corresponding section of the future criminal law, which would take into account the content and meaning of the terms "Criminal offenses against nature and environmental safety” used in it, which characterize primarily the generic object of criminal offenses in the studied sphere It is noted that certain actions provided for by the Project are of a "complex” nature and may encroach both on relations against environmental safety and on the procedure for using the state's natural resources, while directly or indirectly affecting public health. It has been proven that such a subsection of the Special Part of the future Criminal Code of Ukraine should contain both criminal offenses against environmental safety and torts against nature (the surrounding natural environment), which are actually equated with criminal violations against the order of use of natural resources.

ARTISTIC FEATURES OF ZHANAT ASKERBEKOVNA'S POETRY

The article scientifically examines the artistic features of the poetry o f akyn - Zhanat Askerbekovna, who came to the world of Kazakh poetry in the mid-80s. The personal writing style of Zhanat Askerbekovna and the news that led to the art of writing poetry are analyzed. The themes and main ideas of the poet's poems are determined. The themes of Zhanat Askerbekovna's poems are reflected in her native land, nature, family, historical poems and groups "Kultegnin mourning Bilge Kagan", "kustik birgen kerimsal", etc., and the features of the use of artistic means are described. The poetic character of folklore and mythological elements in the works of a master of words and a qualified teacher is differentiated, the order of use and meaning are determined. In the work of Zhanat Askerbekovna, cultural and national values are studied, and a final thought is expressed about the contribution to the development of Kazakh poetic art.

Situation and Ordering based Control of Drainage of a Group of Polders

A polder-boezem system consists of a (large) number of polders that pump their drainage water into a network of watercourses and lakes. A few large pump stations then pump the drainage water into rivers or the sea. In some cases a sluice gate is used when water levels allow it. A receding horizon control algorithm for a polder-boezem system is presented where the selection of the control action is based on a prescribed order of use for the different states of available pumps and sluices. It is an extension of an earlier algorithm that operated boezem pump stations only. A further extension is proposed that will allow inclusion of the control of polder pumps. Arguments are presented to support the claim that, from the point of view of transparency, this algorithm is better suited to the control of polder-boezem systems than receding horizon control with a traditional objective function.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ В ОЦЕНКЕ ИМУЩЕСТВА

The relevance of the problem of establishing the order of use, appropriation for one purpose or another of limited resources, factors and products is associated with the emergence of new tools and mechanisms for their redistribution. In this situation, it becomes especially necessary to study the fundamental principles of the concept of property. The authors of the article have convincingly shown that in order to evaluate property in the difficult conditions of sanctions applied to a sovereign state, it is necessary to determine the comparison between the valuation and the rights being valued.

Digital image (digital copy of a person) in the system of objects of civil laws: experience of model legislation

The article analyses the provisions of the Model Law for the CIS member states «On Digital Rights» relating to the digital image (digital copy of a person), the rights to which are considered as personal non-property rights. In order to clarify the place of the digital image in the system of personal non-property rights, its distinctive features are characterized in comparison with the citizen’s right to an image. The content of the subjective right to a digital image is characterized. The normative basis of the study was formed by the model legislation for the CIS member states and the national legislation of the member states (in particular, the law of Belarus and Russia). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the right to a digital image (digital copy of a person) can be considered as one of the manifestations of the citizen’s right to an image. The model law «On Digital Rights» allows to highlight the features that distinguish a digital image (digital copy of a person) from other forms of protected images (for example, works of fine art, photo and video recordings, etc.), but does not give grounds to consider it outside the existing mechanisms for ensuring the citizen’s right to an image. The author of the article concludes that the content of the right to a digital image (digital copy of a person) does not have any serious differences from the content of the citizen’s right to an image. This is manifested in the similarity in the subject composition, the order of use of the digital image and the image of a citizen, both during his life and after his death, the regulation of the emergence of these objects, the establishment of restrictions on the right of a citizen to a digital image and his own image, as well as the consequences of violation of these rights.

INNV-02. USAGE TRENDS OF COLLAGEN TILE BRACHYTHERAPY FOR THE FIRST 1000 ORDERS

Abstract INTRODUCTION Collagen tile brachytherapy (CTBT) was cleared by the FDA in 2018 for all recurrent intracranial neoplasms and in 2020 for newly diagnosed intracranial neoplasms. We sought to describe usage trends of CTBT by evaluating the first 1000 consecutive orders since CTBT became commercially available in 2019 with respect to tumor type (glioma, brain metastasis, meningioma) and CTBT treatment setting (newly diagnosed, recurrence with prior radiation, recurrence without prior radiation). METHODS Commercial data was accessed using Salesforce, Inc. Coefficient of correlation (r2) was estimated as a measure of orders over time. 1000 orders were divided into 4 time cohorts (Cohort 1 for 1st 250 orders, Cohort 2 for 2nd 250 orders, Cohort 3 for 3rd for 250 orders and Cohort 4 for 4th 250 orders). Order proportions were compared among time cohorts using X2 tests. RESULTS Time period for 1000 orders among 93 centers was 1/23/19–5/11/23. Over these 17 completed yearly quarters there was a positive trend in ordering frequency (r2=0.97). Tumor type was known for 917 orders, of which 52.2% were glioma, 37.4% metastases, and 10.4% meningioma. Proportions of orders for tumor type did not change over time cohorts (p=0.26). Treatment setting was known for 816 orders, of which 80.3% were in recurrence with previous radiation, 14.3% newly diagnosed, and 5.4% recurrence without previous radiation. For glioma and meningioma, treatment setting did not change over time cohorts (p=0.5, p=0.3, respectively). However, for metastases, the proportion of orders for use in the newly diagnosed setting increased over time: 6.4% in Cohort 1, 19.2% in Cohort 2, 21.6% in Cohort 3, 34.7% in Cohort 4 (p&amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION CTBT usage is increasing over time. Proportions of orders among tumor types (glioma, meningioma, metastases) has not changed. However, use of CTBT is increasing in the newly diagnosed setting for brain metastases.

Alcohol First, Cannabis Last: Identification of an Especially Risky Use Pattern among Individuals Who Co-Use Alcohol and Cannabis

Background: Alcohol and cannabis co-use is common and confers increased risk for potential harms, such as negative consequences and substance dependence. The existing evidence suggests that factors such as dose of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) consumed and order of use of each substance (i.e., using alcohol or cannabis first or last when co-using) may impact co-use outcomes. Existing co-use research has focused primarily on college-samples or young adults, and few studies have explored these nuanced relations among community samples. Methods: We examined survey data from 87 community members (mean age 32.9 years, 49.4% female) recruited from legal market cannabis dispensaries. Using a combination of regression techniques (i.e., OLS, negative binomial, censor-inflated) we modeled relations among co-use ordering patterns, THC dose and cannabis outcomes as well as interactions with sex assigned at birth and age. Results: Individuals who endorsed co-use reported significantly higher CUDIT scores than those who had never co-used (p < 0.01). Using alcohol first and cannabis last (a pattern we refer to as “AFCL”) was more common among females than males (p < 0.01). In the context of typical substance use weeks, more frequently engaging in the AFCL pattern was associated with significantly higher CUDIT scores (p < 0.001) and negatively predicted positive consequences (p < 0.001). Other patterns predicted higher CUDIT scores during heavy use weeks. Conclusions: Results indicate that co-use ordering patterns are related to substance use outcomes. Further research leveraging within-subjects, longitudinal designs is needed to test causal relations between these variables.

The Effect of SNS Information Characteristics of Hair Salon on Purchase Intention and Word of Mouth

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data to help establish SNS marketing strategies by understanding consumers' purchase intentions and oral intentions, identifying consumers' characteristics based on the characteristics of hair salons. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, an online survey was conducted on consumers who had experience using hair salons through SNS, and 500 copies were used for the final analysis.The collected data can be obtained using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program As a result of the analysis, the sub-factors of SNS information characteristics were identified in the order of usefulness, interest, and reality. As a result of analyzing the effect of the SNS information characteristics of hair salons on purchase intention and word of mouth, it was found that the usefulness, interest, and reality of the sub-factors of SNS information characteristics had a positive (+) effect on purchase intention and word of mouth. In this study, it can be seen that the use of SNS information among people in their 20s is the most active, and SNS is expected to continue to be an important medium, and there is a close relationship. The implications of this study are that the survey subjects are in their 20s and 30s, and it is difficult to generalize the whole, so in-depth studies should be conducted by investigating various age groups in the future.

DIGITALIZATION AND MODERN ELECTRONIC SERVICES FOR ROAD TRANSPORTATION

Purpose. Digitalization of business processes and implementation of transparent and effective electronic services for the provision of administrative services is one of the key state priorities of Ukraine, the realization of which contributes to European integration processes and sustainable development of the country by reducing corruption risks in all sectors of the economy and social sphere. One of the main tasks that arises when solving this problem is the introduction and use of modern information technologies and electronic document management in road transport. In this regard, the paper analyzes the functionality of the existing information systems on the road transport market of Ukraine and considers the procedure for their use in the organization of transportation. Methodology. During the research, methods of analysis and expert evaluation were used to study the main functionality and the order of application of information systems for the organization of road freight transportation. Results. Currently, a number of electronic services and systems, such as Shlyah, eChherga, WiM, have been successfully implemented and operated in Ukraine for the organization of road transport. The e-TTN electronic document management system is at the final stage of implementation. Scientific novelty. The obtained results of the analysis of the functionality and the order of use of modern information systems for the organization of road transportation of goods allow to perform a scientific and economic evaluation of the choice of software products for solving operational logistics problems and improving the efficiency of the transport process. Practical significance. The presented research results can be used to organize and optimize the process of cargo transportation by road transport of Ukraine.

Economic Uses of Salt-Tolerant Plants.

Climate change is likely to affect the ability of world agricultural systems to provide food, fibre, and fuel for the growing world population, especially since the area of salinised land will increase. However, as few species of plants (less than 1% of all plant species) can tolerate saline soils, we believe it is important to evaluate their potential as crops for salinised soils. We have analysed the economic and potential economic uses of plants that are listed in the database eHALOPH, including the most tolerant species, halophytes. For nine main categories of economic value, we found a total of 1365 uses amongst all species listed in eHALOPH as of July 2022; this number reduced to 918 amongst halophytes. We did not find any obvious differences in rankings between the more tolerant halophytes and the whole group of salt-tolerant plants, where the order of use was medical, followed by forage, traditional medicine, food and drink, fuel, fuelwood, and bioenergy. While many species are potentially important as crops, the effects of salt concentration on their uses are much less well documented. Increasing salt concentration can increase, decrease, or have no effect on the concentration of antioxidants found in different species, but there is little evidence on the effect of salinity on potential yield (the product of concentration and biomass). The effect of salinity on forage quality again varies with species, often being reduced, but the overall consequences for livestock production have rarely been evaluated. Salt-tolerant plants have potential uses in the bioremediation of degraded land (including revegetation, phytoremediation, and extraction of NaCl) as well as sources of biofuels, although any use of saline water for the sustainable irrigation of salt-tolerant crops must be viewed with extreme caution.

РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ЩОДО УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ РУХОМИХ ЗАСОБІВ ТЕХНІЧНОГО ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ І РЕМОНТУ ОЗБРОЄННЯ ТА ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ

After the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, the issue of repair and restoration of weapons and military equipment of all types that are in service with the Armed Forces of Ukraine and those that come as material and technical assistance from partner countries has become acute, more than ever in the entire existence of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In particular, there is the issue of repair and restoration of all types of weapons and military equipment by temporary repair and restoration bodies. In this article, an analysis of the composition and order of use of mobile means of maintenance and repair of missile and artillery weapons in the Armed Forces of Ukraine was carried out, and a comparison was made with the composition and order of use of mobile means of maintenance and repair of the US Armed Forces. Also, during the work, attention was paid to the improvement of the existing mobile means of maintenance and repair of weapons of the missile and artillery nomenclature. This issue was investigated by substantiating the prospects for the development of mobile means of maintenance and repair of missile and artillery weapons. The mentioned questions have significant problems and cause curiosity and exploratory research among specialists in the technical direction of logistics support in view of the need to make such qualitative changes to the restoration system that would allow to ensure the maximum coverage by proper repair of all defective samples of weapons and military equipment, including samples of foreign production, i.e. those that are in service with NATO countries. But first of all, it is necessary to develop specific recommendations for a prospective complex of mobile vehicles, which will include not only a qualitative update of repair equipment, but also take into account the principle of unification, interoperability and modularity of the sample under study. Keywords: maintenance, repair, restoration, mobile vehicle, missile and artillery weapons.

INDIVIDUALITY OF WORD USE IN MARKHABAT BAIGUT'S PROSE

The article shows the artistic purpose and aesthetic, cognitive functions of the use of dialect, obsolete words and neologisms (author's neologisms) in Markhabat Baigut’s works, and their specific stylistic features are determined by examples. On the basis of the writer's works, the place of language usages, which are the subject of research, in the general Kazakh literature and writer's creativity is determined. Markhabat Baigut often talks about his characters not because of their origin, wealth, or career, but because of their morality, conscience, spiritual and moral harmony, individual qualities, and character traits. This is a unique aspect of the writer's skill. The writer skillfully and comprehensively uses the lexical wealth of the common language. It is proven that the writer used dialect words to describe people's living conditions, to show more clearly the spiritual and cultural skills unique to a certain region, and to depict the true nature of ordinary people. During the analysis of the old words used by the writer, who found a shortcut to convey the truth to his students without any coloring, in detail, in natural state, the credo of the author is revealed, which glorifies the national value and supports the renewal of the old. The meanings of historical and archaic words with a predominant stylistic color are revealed, and their artistic function and content load are analyzed. Apart from the neologisms that entered our language with the breath of the times, the order of use and expressive tone of author's new words are described in a broad way. As a result, it is proved that the lexical groups found in the language of the character, in the author's narrative, play an important role in explaining the individual characteristics of the master’s style.

Plasmonic Functional Assay Platform Determines the Therapeutic Profile of Cancer Cells.

Functional assay platforms could identify the biophysical properties of cells and their therapeutic response to drug treatments. Despite their strong ability to assess cellular pathways, functional assays require large tissue samples, long-term cell culture, and bulk measurements. Even though such a drawback is still valid, these limitations did not hinder the interest in these platforms for their capacity to reveal drug susceptibility. Some of the limitations could be overcome with single-cell functional assays by identifying subpopulations using small sample volumes. Along this direction, in this article, we developed a high-throughput plasmonic functional assay platform to identify the growth profile of cells and their therapeutic profile under therapies using mass and growth rate statistics of individual cells. Our technology could determine populations' growth profiles using the growth rate data of multiple single cells of the same population. Evaluating spectral variations based on the plasmonic diffraction field intensity images in real time, we could simultaneously monitor the mass change for the cells within the field of view of a camera with the capacity of > ∼500 cells/h scanning rate. Our technology could determine the therapeutic profile of cells under cancer drugs within few hours, while the classical techniques require days to show reduction in viability due to antitumor effects. The platform could reveal the heterogeneity within the therapeutic profile of populations and determine subpopulations showing resistance to drug therapies. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we studied the growth profile of MCF-7 cells and their therapeutic behavior to standard-of-care drugs that have antitumor effects as shown in the literature, including difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), paclitaxel (PTX), and doxorubicin (Dox). We successfully demonstrated the resistant behavior of an MCF-7 variant that could survive in the presence of DFMO. More importantly, we could precisely identify synergic and antagonistic effects of drug combinations based on the order of use in cancer therapy. Rapidly assessing the therapeutic profile of cancer cells, our plasmonic functional assay platform could be used to reveal personalized drug therapies for cancer patients.

Act as an element of illegal aquatic extraction industry: a question of conceptual apparatus in current and potential criminal law

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to compare the elements of a criminally illegal act, currently designated as illegal fishing, game or other aquatic extraction, under the current Criminal Code of Ukraine and the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and elaboration of provisions of the current and projected (potential) criminal law of Ukraine and other countries, scientific sources, materials of law enforcement practice, as well as the formulation of author’s conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: comparative-legal, logical-semantic, formal-logical, systemic-structural, modeling. Results. According to the results of the conducted research: 1) it is proposed to abandon both the word construction “occupation with... water extractive industry” used in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, and the phrase “possession of a natural resource in its natural state” used by the developers of the project of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine; 2) it has been proven that preference should be given to generalizing names of relevant articles of the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine (such as illegal extraction of natural resources from their natural state or illegal extraction of natural resources), which should be combined with the mention of specific types of illegal actions in relation to certain natural resources in the dispositions; 3) shortcomings of the articles of the project of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine, dedicated to the destruction or damage of natural resources, violations of hunting or fishing rules, acquisition or sale of known illegally extracted natural resources, have been clarified. Originality. In the process of writing the paper, the shortcomings of the project of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine were identified in terms of describing the elements of criminal offenses against the order of use of natural resources, in particular those of them that can be considered “successors” of illegal fishing, game or other aquatic extractive activities, and ways to eliminate these shortcomings were proposed. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in law-making activities when improving the project of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine.

Development of a Protocol for Objectively Measuring Digital Device Use in Youth

Screen time is predominantly measured using questionnaires assessing a limited range of activities. This project aimed to develop a coding protocol that reliably identified screen time, including device type and specific screen behaviours, from video camera footage. Screen use was captured from wearable and stationary PatrolEyes video cameras in 43 participants (10-14 years) within the home environment (May-December 2021, coding 2022, statistical analysis 2023). Following extensive piloting, the inter-rater reliability of the final protocol was determined in four coders using 600 minutes of footage from 18 participants who spent unstructured time on digital devices. Coders independently annotated all footage to determine 8 device types (e.g. phone, TV) and 9 screen activities (e.g. social media, video gaming) using Observer XT (behavioural coding software). Reliability was calculated using weighted Cohen's Kappa (κ) for duration/sequence (meets criteria for total time in each category) and frequency/sequence (meets criteria for total time in each category and order of use) for every coder pair on a per-participant and footage type basis. Overall reliability of the full protocol was excellent (≥ 0.8) for both duration/sequence (κ = 0.89-0.93) and the more conservative frequency/sequence (κ = 0.83-0.86) analyses. This protocol reliably differentiates between different device types (κ = 0.92-0.94) and screen behaviours (κ = 0.81-0.87). Coder agreement ranged from 91.7 to 98.8% across 28.6 to 107.3 different instances of screen use. This protocol reliably codes screen activities in adolescents, offering promise for improving understanding of the impact of different screen activities on health.

METODOLOGIA PARA GERAÇÃO E USO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA DE FONTES RENOVÁVEIS COM FOCO NOS VALORES SOCIOCULTURAIS LOCAIS

In this work, a method was developed to help municipalities to reduce their electricity costs by generating their own energy and promoting local development. Thereunto, local renewable energy sources are used to compensate for their consumption of electricity, through the complementarity of renewable energy sources. This article suggests that a mutual cooperation be realized between the municipal administration and local managers, in order to use the by-products and other resources of local companies as energy products, thus helping the development of the municipality. The order of use of the sources is defined through a hierarchy obtained from the AHP method (Analytic Hierarchy Process), where specific criteria are established and used by local decision makers, who must consider the local socio-cultural values to answer the forms. The analysis will be through technical, economic, social and environmental aspects, seeking as main results: the use of available local energy potentials, the reduction of the cost of municipalities with electricity, the incentive to the development of local communities and the cost of electricity under control of the municipality. The methodology developed in this article was applied, as a case study, in a municipality located in the south of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

ШЛЯХИ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ НЕЗАКОННОМУ ПОВОДЖЕННЮ ЗІ ЗБРОЄЮ, БОЙОВИМИ ПРИПАСАМИ АБО ВИБУХОВИМИ РЕЧОВИНАМИ

The article analyzes the current state of illegal handling of weapons, ammunition or explosives in Ukraine and ways to solve this issue. Not one country, being in active wars, conflicts or skirmishes cannot boast of a high level of social, economic and moral condition of the population. With the onset of the local armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, namely in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, increased, social tensions the psychological state of the population deteriorated, and the number of crimes, including the use of weapons, ammunition and explosives. The problem of the spread of crime with the use of weapons, ammunition or explosives requires state regulation and the search for effective ways to solve it. The presence of a scattered legal framework in the form of a large number of instructions, departmental orders and directives leads to contradictions The article presents the expediency of adopting a single legal act on the civil circulation of weapons. This proposal will make it possible to gather in one document the issues of subject composition, permitting nature, procedural system and the order of use of weapons. Ukraine is a state governed by the rule of law, and all relations must be regulated by law, including intercourses related to weapons. The main sources of illicit supply of arms and ammunition in Ukraine remain the resale of internal supplies and a cross-border trade. All things considered, it is proposed to carry out a number of preventive measures in the law enforcement system. Due to the high latency nature of weapons theft, there is an emphasis on cooperation between the police and the military prosecutor’s office and sufficient attention to places where weapons can be stored, as well as to control and close the black ways of hittings weapons from the war zone. The conclusions emphasize the implementation of the proposed effective ways to combat the illicit handling of weapons, ammunition or explosives. Key words: prevention, firearms, ammunition, explosives, armed conflict, civilian circulation.