Recently, we observed numerous black spots on the leaves of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn in Lincang City, Yunnan Province, which affected its yield. This study aimed to identify the pathogenic fungus causing C. orchioides Gaertn leaf spot using morphological and molecular analyses, including DNA extraction and genetic identification. Through pathogenicity experiments and application of Koch's postulates, we identified Curvularia curculiginis as the causative agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. curculiginis infection of C. orchioides Gaertn, with significant implications for a medicinally important plant, as leaf spot can adversely affect plant yield.