Orange Growers Research Articles

Study of credit burden on small orange growers in Nagpur district of Maharashtra

Study of credit burden on small orange growers in Nagpur district of Maharashtra

Orange grower's perception of drought impacts and strategies for mitigation and adaptation: A study of the Vidarbha region in India

Vidarbha, a region in Maharashtra, India, is famous for its sweet-sour-flavoured Nagpur Orange. Vidarbha is witnessing droughts after every alternate year resulting in crop failure and causing distress to orange growers. The present study attempts to – 1) identify critical challenges Vidarbha orange growers face during drought impact and 2) examine the farmers' perception and awareness about drought impacts, and different adaptation and mitigation strategies in practice at the farmer's level. This research used a field study approach in the drought-prone Vidarbha region to acquire orange farmers' perceptions of the drought impact. We have used a three-stage method to carry out this study. In the first stage, a Delphi method is adopted to identify and validate orange growers' challenges due to drought impact. The second stage comprises utilising multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM)-based best-worst method to prioritise and determine the most critical challenges. This is followed by descriptive statistical analysis in the third stage to determine the overall perception of orange growers about drought and its adaptation and mitigation strategies. It is observed through findings that – “inadequate water bodies, lack of availability of capital, and high cost of drip irrigation” are critical challenges orange growers witness during drought. While “installing an efficient irrigation system and pest control” are the adaptation strategies, and “seeking guidance from the agriculture department” and “reliance on weather forecast” are the mitigation strategies widely adopted by Nagpur orange growers to alleviate drought stress.

Income Effect of E-commerce Adoption Behavior of Navel Orange Farmers in Southern Jiangxi Province

With the continuous development of e-commerce in rural areas, the income effect of e-commerce has become a hot topic. Based on this background, this paper investigated the e-commerce adoption of navel orange farmers in southern Jiangxi Province, obtained 68 farmers' micro-data, and analyzed the income increasing effect of e-commerce adoption behavior by using multiple T-test and multiple regression analysis. It is found that the planting income and total household income of farmers who participate in e-commerce are higher than those who do not adopt e-commerce, and the adoption behavior of farmers has a significant and positive impact on their own income. In addition, factors such as education level, entrepreneurial experience, work experience, gift expenditure, network and logistics accessibility of navel orange growers in southern Jiangxi have a greater impact on the adoption behavior of e-commerce, which in turn affects the income increase effect of e-commerce and promotes the income increase of navel orange growers. In view of this, the paper puts forward some feasible suggestions such as improving the e-commerce infrastructure in the concentrated area of navel orange cultivation in southern Jiangxi Province, strengthening the publicity of the benefits of e-commerce, enabling farmers to have a deeper understanding of e-commerce, strengthening the introduction of e-commerce professionals, and improving the education mechanism of e-commerce in the area of navel orange cultivation.

Study of Gaps in Adoption of Improved Orange Production Technologies in Maharashtra, India

Orange is the second most important fruit crop of Maharashtra. However, the productivity of fruit is found to be dwindling which might be due to the gaps in adoption of recommended technical know-how. Therefore, the study was undertaken to assess the adoption gaps of recommended orange technologies and the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the adoption gaps. The average gap was to the tune of 31.89 per cent. As far as the association and influence of profile characteristic are concerned, it was found that size of land, source of credit, annual income, experience in farming and knowledge level of the orange growers, knowledge of GAP practices, mass media exposure and socio-economic status had negative correlation with adoption gaps (P= .01) whereas size of land holding and knowledge level, knowledge of GAP practices and annual income had negative influence on adoption gaps (P= .01). The study recommends that the proper extension and communication strategies should be developed for the dissemination of orange production technologies in state. Also, the public and private extension support systems are needed to be reoriented so that they can act more efficiently to provide necessary information about orange cultivation. The present study was conducted in Amravati and Nagpur districts of Maharashtra. An ‘ex post facto’ research design was used for the study. A sample of 200 orange growers was selected through stratified random sampling method for the study. The results of the study shows that most of the orange growers had gap in application of micro nutrient (44.76 %) followed by fruit drop measures (43.16 %) and plant protection measures (42.75%). The average gap was to the tune of 31.89 per cent. As far as the association and influence of profile characteristic are concerned, it was found that size of land, source of credit, annual income, experience in farming and knowledge level of the orange growers, knowledge of GAP practices, mass media exposure and socio-economic status had negative correlation with adoption gaps (P= .01) whereas size of land holding and knowledge level, knowledge of GAP practices and annual income had negative influence on adoption gaps (P= .01). The study recommends that the proper extension and communication strategies should be developed for the dissemination of orange production technologies in state. Also, the public and private extension support systems are needed to be reoriented so that they can act more efficiently to provide necessary information about orange cultivation.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR OF SWEET ORANGE GROWERS

A sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) is an important fruit crop of Maharashtra state of India. It is grown on an area of 55,000 ha. The area under this fruit crop is increasing rapidly as a result of dynamic employment guarantee scheme launched by the Government of Maharashtra for fruit crops. Sweet Orange is a major fruit crop in Marathwada region of the State. 0.77 lakh hectares area is under this crop (Anonymous, 2014a). The development of any nation depends primarily on the important role played by entrepreneurs. Hence, the part played by entrepreneurs is of vital importance in a developing country like India. Thus in all economic development activities more attention is being given to entrepreneurship development. An entrepreneur is primarily concerned with changes in the formula of production over which he has full control. Further, it is commonly believed that an entrepreneur is basically an intelligent person and has a definite ability to create something new to prove its worthiness. The Ex-post-facto research design was used for the present study. The study was conducted in Aurangabad district. Three tahsils namely, Aurangabad, Paithan and Kannad were selected purposively on the basis of the maximum area under sweet orange cultivation. The main objective of this study is to study the regression analysis of entrepreneurial behaviour of sweet orange growers. It is revealed from that coefficient of determination (R2) of the independent variables was 0.5040. It means that 50.40 per cent of the total variation in entrepreneurial behavior of sweet orange growers was explained by the selected 10 independent variables i.e. Farming experience, Education, Family size, Occupation, Land holding, Annual income, Social participation, Mass media use, Economic motivation and Market orientation. The present study was used as a multistage sampling procedure. Collected data were classified, tabulated and analyzed by using multiple regression.

In the shadow of state-led agrarian reforms: smallholder pervasiveness in rural China

Agricultural modernisation is a longstanding goal of China’s Party-state. Since the early 2000s, it has pursued this goal through policies designed to facilitate land consolidation and support the expansion of large agricultural enterprises – ‘New Agricultural Operators’ (NAOs). In this paper we explore the effect of these policies on the livelihoods of a cohort of smallholder orange growers in the mountainous regions of Hubei province and the local political economy. An analysis of data from a 2019 survey of 266 households and interviews with villagers, agribusiness executives, cooperative leaders, and government officials, we find smallholder farmers are earning good incomes as independent commodity producers, withstanding attempts by local officials at land consolidation, and bypassing NAOs to self-determine their own modes of production and exchange. Our results speak to the ongoing debate about the future of smallholder farming in China, identify the strengths and limitations of recent state-centric analyses of agrarian transition, and re-iterate the pitfalls of the central government’s agricultural modernisation agenda.

Export Potential of Ham Yen Oranges

This study assessed the situation and analyzed the factors affecting the export potential of Ham Yen orange. This study conducted a survey using the questionnaire for 50 people, who are stakeholders in the value chain of Ham Yen oranges. The study results show that Tuyen Quang province has many potentials and advantages to develop export-oriented Ham Yen orange production. Specifically on area, productivity, and output of oranges to increase rapidly. Oranges are good quality with famous brands. The selling price is low, ensuring competitiveness; and there are many natural – economic-social factors favorable for the development of export-oriented Ham Yen orange production. However, the study also identified many difficulties and challenges. In order to develop Ham Yen orange production to meet export requirements. It is necessary to implement synchronous solutions like strongly shifting the area of ​​orange cultivation in the direction of meeting standards as follows VietGAP, organic oranges, EuroGAP, GlobalGAP ...; Application of science and technology in the stage of varieties, planting, care, harvesting and transportation of oranges. Investment in transport, infrastructure, irrigation, wholesale market, cold storage, and factory for preliminary processing, packing, and exporting products. Supporting capital, market information, training, and transfer of science and technology to orange growers; would strengthen linkages in the growth and market of their fruit, especially with enterprises that purchase, preserve, process, and export fruits.

Allocative Efficiency of Pontianak Siam Orange Farming in Sambas Regency, Indonesia

In Sambas Regency, 95% of the oranges are contributed by Siame oranges. Citrus farmers have a dilemma in that they don’t know whether or not production elements are used effectively. The purpose of this study is to identify the production and farming efficiency parameters for Siamese oranges. The study was carried out in Sambas Regency’s Tebas District, a hub for Siam production. A survey method is employed in the research. There are 100 Siam orange growers who responded, and purposeful sampling was used to collect the data. Data is handled using SPSS version 21 for the analysis of the Cobb-Douglas production function. The Marginal Value Product and the Mean Factor Production Price (Px) are compared in a factor efficiency analysis. The findings indicated that the usage of production elements, such as land, family labor, labor performed by people outside the family, the quantity of urea fertilizer, SP-36 fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, and insecticides are all ineffective. This calls for a reduction in the utilization of all production factors.

Imperatives of Technology Adoption Among Farmers Growing Horticultural Crops in Wokha District of Nagaland

A study was undertaken in the state of Nagaland to examine the socio-economic & psychological characteristics of the respondents, level of technology adoption and its association with the selected variables. Ex-post facto research design was followed for the study. The study was conducted purposively in Wokha district of Nagaland comprising three blocks viz., Wokha, Bhandari and Wozhuro. Further 15 respondents from two villages each for Orange, Banana, Pineapple and Litchi crops were selected making a sample size of 120 respondents. Major fi ndings of the study revealed that the majority of respondents were middle aged (35-55 years), male, had medium size of family, primary level educated, had medium level information sources utilization, extension contact and experience in cultivation of selected horticultural crops. Most had small land holding size. The highest mean annual income and income from crop was highest for orange growers with Rs.179723.33 and Rs.138023.33 respectively. 99.17 per cent of the farmers were not exposed to training, had medium level of scientifi c orientation, risk orientation, knowledge level, favorable attitude towards improved practices and medium level adoption. Variablesfamily size, experience in cultivation, size of land holding, knowledge and attitude showed positive and signifi cant correlation with adoption of improved cultivation practices. The study recommends more exposure visits and need based training programmes for increasing awareness, knowledge and technological skills of farmers. Further the government should take initiative for strengthening marketing support, procurements and provide incentives to set up processing units thereby reducing post-harvest losses and eventually improving the socio-economic status of the concerned farmers.

Personal, Socio-economic, Communicational and Psychological Characteristics of Orange Growers

Maharashtra is the one of the largest producer of orange in the country. There is growing interest and awareness among the orange growers for adoption of latest technologies for commercial cultivation of citrus hence the research objective was formulated to study the personal, socio-economic, communicational and psychological characteristics of orange growers in Amravati and Nagpur district in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. An ex-post facto research design of social research was used for present investigation. The study was conducted in Amravati and Nagpur district in month of December, January and February, 2021, with 300 orange growers. The findings revealed that, more than one third of the respondents (34.00%) had education up to higher secondary school. More than two fifth of the respondents (44.00%) had medium family size. More than one third (38.67%) of the respondents were engaged in agriculture+ horticulture+ allied occupation as their main occupation in earning. Nearly half (46.33%) of the respondents had semi medium land holding (2.01 to 4.00 ha). More than half (60.67%) of the respondents were having small size of orchard. More than one third (37.33%) of the respondents had medium experience in orange cultivation (15.36 to 26.66 years). more than half (57.33%) of the respondents were belonged to medium level of social participation. Nearly half (45.67%) of the respondents were having annual income up to Rs. 7,96,000/-. Majority of the social media user respondents (88.00%) had high availability of social media. More than half (55.67%) of the respondents were having medium sources of information. More than half (59.67%) of the respondents were having medium innovativeness. More than half (56.67%) of the respondents were having medium risk orientation. Majority (63.33%) of the respondents were having medium market orientation. Overall 70.00 Percent of the social media user orange growers were having high utilization pattern index. It is suggested that, efforts should made by authorities to involve and retain the interest of innovative orange growers in adopting modern agricultural practices.

Farmer's Perception of Fruit Fly Bactrocera spp. in Mandarin Orange and their Management in Sankhuwasabha District of Nepal

The study was conducted from October to December, 2020 to evaluate farmers' understanding of loss incurred by Bactrocera spp. on mandarin orange and practices adopted by farmers for their management. Eighty households of mandarin orange growers and 15 agro-vets were purposively selected and information was collected using a semi structured questionnaire. The findings indicated severe infestation of fruit fly in mandarin with 53% of the farmers having low (>15%), 36% having medium (15-30%) and 11% having high (>30%) level of fruit damage in their orchards. The survey identified several management practices like collection and destruction of fallen fruits, pruning, use of traps and chemical pesticides in controlling fruit fly. About two-third (61.25%) of the respondents used chemicals and 15% of the farmers collected and destroyed affected fallen fruits. Some farmers also practiced pruning in the study area for the control of fruit fly. The use of traps was a rarity and its use was limited to only 10% of the total respondents. Since farmers were not much aware of the impact, life cycle and different species of fruit fly, lacked adequate training, support, and supervision, effective management of fruit fly was not possible and resulted in a much greater damage in mandarin fruit.

Sources of Technical Guidance Utilized by Orange Growers for Production and Marketing of Oranges

The fast changing agricultural technology demands for more technical information to be transmitted to the orange growers. The technical guidance enhances orange growers ability to get more information about recent agricultural technology or innovation which is helpful to improve their working efficiency. The utilization of proper sources of technical guidance is helpful to enhance productivity and profit in orange cultivation. Hence this study was carried out in order to investigate the use of sources for technical guidance by the orange growers to obtain the information about production and marketing of oranges. The present investigation was carried out in Amravati and Nagpur district (Vidarbha region) of Maharashtra. A sample of 240 orange growers constituted for the research study. The present study revealed that nearly half (47.50 %) of the orange growers were having medium level utilization of sources of technical guidance. Majority of orange growers uses agriculture input dealer, progressive farmers, neighbours, friends, agriculture assistant and Television as a major source of technical guidance. The present study indicates the need to focus on these sources of technical guidance for rapid spread of required technical information regarding production and marketing of oranges.

Extension Needs of Export Orange Growers at Kafr El Dwar District, Behiera Governorate

Extension Needs of Export Orange Growers at Kafr El Dwar District, Behiera Governorate

Sweet Orange Agribusiness Development Potential in Banuroja Village, Randangan District, Pohuwato Regency

This investigation was carried out in Banuroja Village, Randangan Sub-Area, and the Pohuwato district of Tanzania. Specifically, the goal of this research was to identify the potential for orange agribusiness development in Banuroja Village, Randangan Subdistrict, and Pohuwato District, as well as to choose methods for growing oranges in these locations. The research was carried out on 40 orange growers in the area. The findings revealed that the orange agribusiness has significant potential and development opportunities. Averaging Rp. 26,694,471.00 every harvest period, orange farmers earn an average of Rp. 26,694,471.00 per harvest season, with a revenue-to-cost ratio of 4.13. Following the identification and mapping of internal and external strategic elements, the findings indicate that rationalization or stability should be the top priority approach.

Economic Analysis of Sweet Orange in Sindhuli District of Nepal

Sweet orange is one of the major fruit grown in mid-hills of Nepal. It ranks 2nd among the citrus fruits in terms of area and production after mandarin. The study depicts the socio economic aspect of sweet orange production in Sindhuli district.Data were collected from 60 randomly selected sweet orange growers from Tinkanya and Baseswor of Golanjor rural municipality using semi-structured interview schedule. Two FGD's was done in those places for the triangulation of household survey.Analysis was done using SPSS and excel. Socio demographic studies revealed that majorly (93.3%), of growers were engaged in sweet orange farming. Most of the growers (98.3%) had agriculture as their major occupation. The average land holdings of the farmers was 0.53 ha in which 0.37 ha of land was occupied for sweet orange cultivation. The average sweet orange production of total sixty households was calculated to be 1981.83 kg/ha. The total cost of Rs. 25797.36/ha was estimated and the gross return from the production was Rs.72634/ha; the benefit cost ratio was found to be 2.81 which supports that sweet orange production is being a profitable farming business. Furthermore, insects attack followed by irrigation problems and difficulty in transportation followed by lack of market price information were the major problems found in the production and marketing of sweet orange respectively. There is a high potentiality of increasing the fruit productivity if the constraints against the sweet orange cultivation are addressed properly and adequately. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-3: 396-400

Constraints Faced by Orange Growers about Production and Marketing Orange

The oranges created in Amravati district possessed the biggest share of oranges within the Vidarbha orange market. The orange crop plays a vital role within the economy of the region. Among the fruit crops, orange crop covers about 45,226 ha area in Vidarbha. There is still a good potential toward bringing a lot of area below orange in Vidarbha region. The present paper analyses the information behaviour of orange growers concerning the production of the oranges. The various types of constraints confronted by the orange grower related to production of orange are rootstock availability, labour availability, manures and fertilizers, irrigation, plant protection, capital, availability of loan from co-operative society, technical information, use of growth regulator, supporting and constraints confronted by the orange grower related to marketing of orange are Grading, Transportation, Sale of produce, Packaging, Storage. The study was conducted in the purposively selected Amravati district of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. Five Panchayat Samities from Amravati district were hand-picked purposively covering ten villages from every Panchayat Samiti. Thus, a total of 50 villages and five orange growers from each selected village was selected 250 orange growers constituted the sample size for the present investigation. The main objective of the present paper is to analyze the constraints faced by orange growers in the Amravati District of Maharashtra. Study findings indicated that the orange growers were non-availability of rootstock, high cost of rootstock and fertilizers, uncertainty of electricity supply and difficulties in getting loan were major constraints faced by the farmers which are related to the production. Lack of transport facilities, non-establishment of processing units, and high cost of packing material and non-availability of storage facilities in nearby markets were the major constraints about marketing on orange.

REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF RIND CREASING OF “NAVEL" ORANGES BY FOLIAR APPLICATION OF AN ANTI-ETHYLENE AND SOME NUTRIENTS

The present study was conducted during 2017 and 2018 seasons on “Washington” navel orange trees to provide orange growers, with safe treatments that are applicable on field scale to reduce or prevent the incidence of rind creasing and to strengthen the structure of the albedo tissues by using calcium, molybdenum, or an anti-ethylene compound (AVG). The results of the present study indicated that ammonium molybdate (at 100 ppm) reduced creasing percentage. Moreover, the combination of AVG (at 50 ppm) plus ammonium molybdate m(at 100 ppm) reduced creasing percentage, rind thickness and rind EC percentage. Moreover, enhanced rind and juice nutrient contents especially molybdenum and sulfur elements.

The Impact of Geographical Indications on Sustainable Rural Development: A Case Study of the Vietnamese Cao Phong Orange

This study investigates the relationship between geographical indications (GIs) and sustainable rural development in Vietnam, and analyzes the case study of the Cao Phong orange. Qualitative data were collected from interviews with Vietnamese policy-makers and orange growers to investigate the role of the government of Vietnam in designing and implementing GIs, as well as the involvement of local producers taking advantage of GIs, in order to identify how and to what extent GI protection affects sustainable rural development. The results show that GIs have positively contributed to sustainable rural development in Vietnam; however, some problems remain. This study concludes with policy implications for promoting GIs and sustainable rural development in Vietnam.

The role of contracts in the adoption of irrigation by Brazilian orange growers

This article analyses the drivers of adoption of irrigation systems by orange growers in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Given the scarcity of similar studies focusing on the Brazilian orange sector, the starting point of our article is the estimation of a translog production function to assess the impact of irrigation on the production of a sample of 98 São Paulo’s orange growers. The results showed that irrigation adoption increased orange production of the farms in the sample by 21.9 %, ceteris paribus. Despite the potential benefits of irrigation, adoption was rather low: only 24.6 % of the orange orchards area in the Brazilian orange belt was irrigated in 2015. Starting from this apparent paradox, we argue that the information asymmetry and conflicts observed in the contractual relationship between growers and juice processing firms reduce the incentives for the adoption of technologies in the Brazilian orange sector. We apply probit models to the same sample to test four hypotheses on drivers of the decision to adopt irrigation. The results of our empirical analysis show that the use of contracts in transactions with processing firms negatively affect the adoption of irrigation. The analysis also identifies other variables that influence positively the adoption of irrigation: participation in producers’ associations, participation in courses on irrigation and dependence on the income from the orange orchard. The results of this study suggest that the design of policies aimed at fostering irrigation adoption must consider potential bargaining power asymmetries in the relationships between the users of irrigation and the buyers of their agricultural production.

Production, processing and marketing related problems faced by orange growers in Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh

The study was conducted with the objectives to problems faced by Orange Growers in Central India District. The study was purposively conducted in Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh where Nagpur mandarin orange is the pride fruit of the region. In all, 200 growers were considered for the study. In production aspect Study revealed that Shortage of irrigation water during summer was top most problem faced by the orange growers, Lack of capital rank second followed by High cost of labour third major problem. In processing aspect Study revealed that Lack of storage facilities near production Areas were the first major problems in processing operation of orange, lack of waxing, grading and packing plant were second major problem, Non-availability of processing plant were third problem faced by growers. In marketing aspect Study revealed that Lack of competition among buyers was the first major problem faced by farmers and Lack of market information was the second important problem faced by the growers.