Oral Motor Intervention Research Articles

MANUAL OROFACIAL STIMULATION AND ITS IMPACT ON CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Orofacial education of children with cerebral palsy is a long-lasting process that requires perseverance especially from their families. The main methods based on active orofacial exercises and those from speech therapy continue to question the effectiveness of oral motor treatment, leaving a gap in the literature concerning the feeding skills improvements of the children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Based on this concern, we ask ourselves the question: are there other better methods of oral motor rehabilitation for these children with special needs? In this study we aimed to investigate, within the complex rehabilitation programme for CP, the impact of manual orofacial stimulation in order to reduce sialorrhea and improve mandibular movements, which play an important role in the feeding process. The study included 10 participants (5 girls and 5 boys), aged 8-10 years, diagnosed with cerebral palsy, spastic tetraplegia form with severe orofacial impairment and the intervention protocol consisted of a manual orofacial stimulation programme 4 times a week. Statistical results revealed that the application of the proposed orofacial stimulation programme was highly effective for the 10 research participants, whose scores improved significantly at the final assessment compared to those achieved at the beginning of the study, reaching almost normal values even in the case of mandibular parameters.

The effectiveness of oral motor interventions on the weight gain, independent oral feeding, and length of hospital stay in hospitalized preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oral feeding for preterm infants has been a challenging issue globally. In an effort to enhance the effectiveness of oral feeding in preterm infants, oral motor intervention (OMI) was developed. Present systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to examine the impact of various OMI techniques on key outcomes, including body weight at the time of discharge, the duration required to achieve independent oral feeding, and the length of hospital stay for preterm infants. A systematic search of the literature was performed across various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and Google Scholar up to September 28, 2023. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. The overall effect measure was calculated using a random-effects model and was presented as the standard difference of the mean (SDM), accompanied by the standard error and a 95% confidence interval (CI). We used I 2 statistic for investigating the heterogeneity between studies. Data analysis was performed by CMA software (Version 2). Finally, 22 articles included in this review. The overall effect for body weight at discharge was found to be statistically significant in the prefeeding oral stimulation (PFOS) (SDM = 7.91, 95% CI: 5.62, 10.2, p = 0.000, I 2 = 86.31) and Premature Infant OMI (PIOMI) (SDM = 3.71, 95% CI: 0.72, 6.69, p = 0.01, I 2 = 96.64) groups versus control group. The overall effect of independent oral feeding was significant for PFOS-only (SDM = -0.64, 95% CI: -1.1, -0.17, p = 0.007, I 2 = 75.45), PIOMI only (SDM = -1.48, 95% CI: -2.49, -0.46, p = 0.004, I 2 = 93.73) and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) only (SDM = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.30, p = 0.001, I 2 = 0) groups versus control groups. The overall effect of length of hospital stay was significant for NNS group (SDM = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.23, p = 0.067, I 2 = 0) and PIOMI group (SDM = -0.42, 95% CI: -0.69, -0.15, p = 0.002, I 2 = 20.18) versus control group. Among OMIs, the PIOMI approach generally exhibited a more favorable impact on body weight gain at discharge, the duration required to achieve independent oral feeding, and the length of hospital stay.

Immediate Effects of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention Protocol on OromotorSkills and Neurobehavioral State Regulation of Preterm Infants

Immediate Effects of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention Protocol on OromotorSkills and Neurobehavioral State Regulation of Preterm Infants

EE278 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Colombia, 2022

EE278 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Colombia, 2022

The effect of oral motor intervention with different initiation times to improve feeding outcomes in preterm infants: protocol for a single-blind, randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPremature infants commonly encounter difficulties with oral feeding, a complication that extends hospital stays, affects infants’ quality of life, and imposes substantial burdens on families and society. Enhancing preterm infants’ oral feeding skills and facilitating their transition from parenteral or nasal feeding to full oral feeding pose challenges for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) healthcare professionals. Research indicates that oral motor interventions (OMIs) can enhance preterm infants’ oral feeding capabilities and expedite the transition from feeding initiation to full oral feeding. Nonetheless, the most suitable timing for commencing these interventions remains uncertain.MethodsThis is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Preterm with a gestational age between 29+0 to 34+6 weeks will be eligible for the study. These infants will be randomized and allocated to one of two groups, both of which will receive the OMIs. The intervention commences once the infant begins milk intake during the early OMIs. Additionally, in the late OMIs group, the intervention will initiate 48 h after discontinuing nasal continuous positive airway pressure.DiscussionOMIs encompass non-nutritive sucking and artificial oral stimulation techniques. These techniques target the lips, jaw, muscles, or tongue of premature infants, aiming to facilitate the shift from tube feeding to oral feeding. The primary objective is to determine the ideal intervention timing that fosters the development of oral feeding skills and ensures a seamless transition from parenteral or nasal feeding to full oral feeding among preterm infants. Furthermore, this study might yield insights into the long-term effects of OMIs on the growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants. Such insights could bear substantial significance for the quality of survival among preterm infants and the societal burden imposed by preterm birth.Trial registrationchictr.org.cn ChiCTR2300076721. Registered on October 17, 2023.

Comparing the effects of 5-minute premature infant oral motor intervention with 15-minute Fucile treatment in term infants with feeding difficulties: A multi-arm randomised clinical trial

Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate whether term infants with feeding difficulties who received either a 5-minute premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) or a 15-minute Fucile treatment had different outcomes, compared to term infants in a nontreatment group. Method Stable term infants (N = 51) born between 37–41 weeks of gestational age with feeding difficulties were randomly assigned into one of two intervention groups and a control group. One intervention group received PIOMI and the other group received Fucile treatment once a day for seven consecutive days; the control group received usual care only. The volume of milk intake, the amount of weight gain, and the length of hospital stay were compared across all groups. Result Findings indicated that the volume of milk intake and weight gain showed significant improvement in all three groups. However, pairwise comparison revealed that infants in the Fucile group had significantly higher volume of milk intake and weight gain compared to infants in both the control and PIOMI groups. Length of hospital stay was not significantly different amongst all groups. Conclusion The effects of Fucile treatment were more considerable than for usual care or PIOMI. This finding raises the possibility that prolonged exercise may facilitate improvement in feeding skills for term infants with feeding difficulties.

Study on the Effect of Early Oral Motor Intervention in Preterm Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Objective: To study the effective value of introducing the concept of early oral exercise in the process of nursing intervention for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: 96 cases of preterm infants diagnosed from January 2022 to August 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the general practice group (general nursing intervention), and the early practice group (early oral exercise intervention), and the effect of intervention on preterm infants in the two groups was observed. Results: After nursing care, the mean value of the non-nutritive sucking ability assessment (76.54 ± 5.82), the mean value of the intellectual development degree assessment (104.57 ± 8.45), the mean value of the psychomotor development degree assessment (102.33 ± 6.74), and the mean value of behavioral neural reflexes ability assessment (38.71 ± 2.40) in the early practice group were better than that as compared to the general practice group (P < 0.05); the mean value of oral feeding start time of preterm infants in the early practice group (35.42 ± 7.63) weeks, the mean value of all oral feeding time (34.12 ± 5.28) weeks, and the mean time of hospital intervention (15.33 ± 4.25) days were lesser than compared to those of the general practice group at 37.4 ± 5.82 weeks, 37.46 ± 3.55 weeks, and 20.46 ± 2.91 days, respectively (P < 0.05); the rate of adverse reactions in preterm infants in the early practice group significantly lower than that of the general practice group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The introduction of the concept of early oral exercise intervention among NICU nurses improved the feeding effect, sucking ability of preterm infants, and intellectual development. Hence, early oral motor care should be popularized.

A Single-Subject Study to Consider the Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention Combined with Kinesio-Tape in Premature Infants with Feeding Problems.

The survival rate in premature infants (PIs) has increased, but many have medical and developmental complications. Difficulty with sucking, swallowing, and poor nourishment are common complications. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Kinesio-tape (KT) combined with premature infant oromotor intervention (PIOMI) on feeding efficiency (mean volume intake [%MV]), oromotor skills (Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale [POFRAS]), and weight gain in PIs. In this single-subject study, 5 PIs with feeding problems were received the PIOMI-KT for 7 consecutive days. The main outcome measure was the POFRAS scale. The %MV and weight gain were the secondary outcome measures. Measurements were taken before treatment (T0), after the 4th session (T1), and after the 7th session (T3). The POFRAS scores, %MV, and weight gain improved in all infants after treatment. The maximum and minimum change in level between the baseline and treatment phase was +26 and+16 for POFRAS, +54 and, +34 for %MV, +180, and +100 for weight gain. The treatment trend was upward for all infants and shown by the directions of the slopes indicated by positive values. The feeding problems were resolved in all infants after the 7th treatment session. The combination therapy of PIOMI-KT improved feeding function in PIs.

Effects of Complete Oral Motor Intervention and Nonnutritive Sucking Alone on the Feeding Performance of Premature Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We explore the effect of complete oral motor intervention (OMI) and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) alone on oral feeding in preterm infants through a meta-analysis. We searched the Embased, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials up to 8 August 2023, based on established selection criteria. Quality evaluations of the studies were carried out by applying both the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and the Jadad scale. The outcome measures of three clinical indicators included transition time to oral feeding, weight gain, and hospitalization duration. We conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to determine the pooled effect sizes, expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their corresponding confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, we undertook a subgroup analysis and meta-regression to investigate any potential moderating factors. Eight randomized controlled trials with 419 participants were selected. Meta-analysis revealed that receiving a complete OMI had significantly reduced transition time compared with those receiving NNS alone in preterm newborns (SMD, -1.186; 95% CI, -2.160 to -0.212, p = 0.017). However, complete OMI had no significant effect on shortened hospitalization duration (SMD, -0.394; 95% CI, -0.979 to 0.192, p = 0.188) and increased weight gain (SMD, 0.346; 95% CI, -0.147 to 0.838, p = 0.169) compared with NNS alone. In brief, a complete OMI should not be replaced by NNS alone. However, we were unable to draw decisive conclusions because of the limitations of our meta-analysis. Future well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm our conclusion.

Randomised controlled trial to compare the effect of PIOMI (structured) and routine oromotor (unstructured) stimulation in improving readiness for oral feeding in preterm neonates.

Oral motor stimulation interventions improve oral feeding readiness and earlier full oral feeding in preterm neonates. However, using a structured method may improve the transition time to full oral feeds and feeding efficiency with respect to weight gain and exclusive breastfeeding when compared to an unstructured intervention. To compare the effect of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) and routine oromotor stimulation (OMS) on oral feeding readiness. Randomised controlled trial conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit between June-December 2022. Preterm neonates, 29+0-33+6 weeks corrected gestational age, were studied. The intervention group received PIOMI and the control group received OMS. Primary outcome: time to oral feeding readiness by Premature Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale (POFRAS) score ≥30. Secondary outcomes: time to full oral feeds, duration of hospitalisation, weight gain, and exclusive breastfeeding rates. A total of 84 neonates were included and were randomised 42 each in PIOMI and OMS groups. The mean chronological age and time to oral feeding readiness were lower by 4.6 and 2.7 days, respectively, for PIOMI. The transition time to full oral feeds was 2 days lower for PIOMI and the duration of hospitalisation was 8 days lower. The average weight gain was 4.9 g/kg/day more and the exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1 month and 3 months post-discharge were higher by 24.5% and 27%, respectively, for the PIOMI group. The subgroup analysis of study outcomes based on sex and weight for gestational age showed significant weight gain on oral feeds in neonates receiving PIOMI. Similarly, the subgroup analysis based on gestational age favoured the PIOMI group with significantly earlier transition time and weight gain on oral feeds for the neonates >28 weeks of gestational age. The odds of achieving oral feeding readiness by 30 days [OR 1.558 (0.548-4.426)], full oral feeds by 45 days [OR 1.275 (0.449-3.620)], and exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month [OR 6.364 (1.262-32.079)] and 3 months [3.889 (1.186-12.749)] after discharge were higher with PIOMI. PIOMI is a more effective oromotor stimulation method for earlier and improved oral feeding in preterm neonates. https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=70054&EncHid=34792.72281&modid=1&compid=19','70054det', identifier, CTRI/2022/06/043048.

Effects of oral stimulation on feeding readiness of preterm infants: A randomized controlled study

BackgroundFeeding readiness is an indicator to assess whether preterm infants can tolerate oral feeding. The Preterm Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) may improve infant oral motor function and feeding skills. MethodsTo determine the PIOMI effect on feeding readiness, 46 preterm infants were randomly assigned to either the oral stimulation or standard care group. The Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale (POFRAS) was used to repeatedly assess participants’ feeding readiness on Day 1 (baseline), Day 3, and Day 7. FindingsThe two groups had similar demographic characteristics. While the baseline POFRAS scores showed non-significant differences between the two groups, the oral stimulation group performed better on Days 3 and 7. DiscussionThe group-by-time interaction assessment indicated a marginally significant difference in the time trend of the POFRAS scores between the two groups. Application to practiceThese results can be helpful for achieving full oral feeding in the NICU.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PRETERM INFANT ORAL MOTOR STIMULATION INTERVENTION (PIOMI) ON VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT PRETERM BABY

Background: Very low birth weight is a condition of babies with a birth weight of less than 1500 grams. Premature or preterm babies are prone to nutrition deficiencies due to inadequate suction reflexes and inability of the digestive tract to absorb nutrients. Preterm Infant Oral Motor Intervention as known as PIOMI is an intervention used to stimulate the sucking reflex. The PIOMI intervention was carried out by massaging and stimulating the oral cavity, cheeks, and tongue before feeding once a day.
 Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effect of administration of the PIOMI intervention on weight gain, increased intake and increasing LATCH on, Audible of swallowing, Type of nipple, Comfort level, Hold positioning as known as LATCH score.
 Methods: This case study type experimental research design with nursing care approach. The population of this study consisted of very low birth preterm (<1200 grams) newborns. The study sample included 1 single case of very low birth weight preterm newborns, resulting from the strength analysis, who were treated in high risk neonatal unit university hospital. Data were collected using the Preterm Infant Chart Form and LATCH Breastfeeding Scale. PIOMI intervention was conducted for 7 consecutive days. Nutritional status evaluated each day and the sucking successes were evaluated at day 1 and day 7.
 Results: The results indicated that after the intervention for 7 consecutive days the weight and diet increased. There was also an increase in the LATCH score before treatment until prior to discharge from the hospital (7-9).
 Conclusion: Administration of PIOMI is expected to prevent delays in oral feeding, increasing LATCH score and overcome nutritional deficiencies in low birth weight infants.

Prolonged Oral Motor Stimulation Treatment was Effective for Breastfeeding Achievement in Full Term Infants With Feeding Problems

Objectives: Feeding problems can occur in early-term infants born at 37 weeks. Early-term and full-term infants may benefit from oral motor therapy to attain successful breastfeeding. The present study aims to determine the impact of the 5-minute premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) and the 15-minute oral stimulation program (15-minute oral stimulation program) on 37 to 41 weeks infants in attaining successful breastfeeding. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on early-term and full-term infants in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two hospitals in Mashhad City, Iran. They were randomly divided into two intervention groups (5-minute PIOMI or 15-minute oral stimulation program) and one control group (17 infants in each group). These three groups were then compared to each other after the intervention by pediatricians and speech and language specialists regarding their breastfeeding. All statistical analysis was performed using R software, version 4.0.2, and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Infants in both intervention groups attained different levels of breastfeeding compared to pre-intervention. This outcome could be due to our interventions or natural growth and development (P<0.05). However, the longer the infants’ oral motor therapy time was, the more likely they were to breastfeed successfully. The 15-minute oral stimulation program group had a significantly higher number of male infants attaining breastfeeding after treatment than the control and PIOMI groups (P=0.03). Discussion: The PIOMI has been confirmed as an effective early intervention for small preterm infants as young as 29 weeks, and the short 5-minute therapy time is accepted in the preterm infant population. The program affects the brain’s plasticity and improves neurosensory and motor skill development for feeding. The current study indicates that PIOMI remains effective versus the control group in the full-term babies. However, the longer 15-minute oral stimulation program, is more effective in full-term infants. This finding shows that full-term infants can endure and benefit from longer than 5 minutes per day of oral motor therapy.

Effect of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention on Improving the Level of Sucking Reflex in Preterm Infants Admitted in NICU

Preterm infants’ organs are not fully developed at birth. Sucking reflex does not developed until 32 weeks of gestation and not fully developed until 36 weeks. Premature birth is associated with feeding difficulties due to inadequate coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing. So, they required care at birth and need a hospitalization. Feeding difficulties can be results from CNS immaturity, medical complications and/or cerebral injury. Therapeutic approaches are involved in improving the sucking reflex among preterm infants. The approaches are like oral massage, pacifiers, cheek-chin support, tactile approach. Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI), improve positive effects on sucking reflex and helps in feeding and the growth of preterm infants.

Predicting the clinical trajectory of feeding and swallowing abilities in CHARGE syndrome

To date, the feeding and oral-motor abilities of patients with CHARGE syndrome (CS) have not been longitudinally assessed. This study aims to investigate the level of these abilities at different ages and evaluate how they evolve during growth. We retrospectively analysed oral-motor features of 16 patients with molecularly confirmed CS (age range 4–21 years old; mean 11 years; SD 6 years; median 10 years). Nearly 100% of CS new-borns had weak sucking at birth, and half of them demonstrated poor coordination between breathing and swallowing. Over time, the percentages of children with tube feeding dependence (60% at birth) faced a slow but steady decrease (from 33% at 6 months, 25% at 12 months, to 13% at school age) in tandem with the decreasing risk of aspiration. The ability of eating foods requiring chewing was achieved at school age, after the acquisition of an adequate oral sensory processing. A mature chewing pattern with a variety of food textures was not achieved by more than half of patients, including those requiring artificial enteral nutrition. Most patients started prolonged oral-motor treatments with speech language therapists in early childhood.Conclusions: Although feeding and swallowing disorders are constant features in CS patients, a slow and gradual development of feeding abilities occurs in most cases. Rehabilitation plays a key role in overcoming structural and functional difficulties and attaining appropriate eating skills.What is Known:• Feeding problems and swallowing dysfunction have been noted in CHARGE syndrome.• The involvement of multiple factors, including structural problems in the mouth, throat, or esophagus, and neurological impairment, make feeding a complicated task in CHARGE individuals.What is New:• Dysphagia gradually improves in most CHARGE children over time, though with a wide interindividual variability.• The percentages of children with tube feeding dependence decrease over time from 60% at birth to 33% at 6 months and 13% at school age.

Effect of oral stimulation in improving feeding performance of pre-term infants in NICU: A systematic review

Aim: The Aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of oral stimulation techniques in improving feeding performance among pre-term infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library, from 2010-2021. Studies were included if they investigated the effect of oral stimulation on feeding performance outcomes such as time to full enteral feeding, weight gain, and length of hospital stay. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the studies using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and extracted data using a standardized data extraction form, and data were synthesized using a narrative approach due to heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures. Result: Our search identified 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria, consisting of randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and case series. Eight studies reported significant improvements in feeding performance outcomes with the use of oral stimulation interventions compared to standard care or placebo. The remaining two studies reported mixed findings or no significant differences between groups. Overall, the quality of evidence was low to moderate due to methodological limitations and inconsistency in outcome reporting. Our findings suggest that oral stimulation techniques such as non-nutritive sucking, pacifier-activated device, and oral motor exercises are effective in improving feeding performance among pre-term infants in NICUs. These techniques were associated with reduced time to achieve full oral feeds, shortened hospital stay, and improved weight gain compared to control groups. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review suggest that oral stimulation may be an effective intervention for improving feeding performance in pre-term infants in NICUs. However, further research is needed to establish the optimal timing, frequency, and duration of oral stimulation interventions, as well as their long-term effects on growth and development. Future studies should also address methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes and lack of blinding, to improve the quality of evidence in this field. Significance of the study: Oral feeding is a difficult job for premature infants those who are admitted to NICU. Because of poor muscle tone, underdeveloped oral motor skills and reduced suck-swallow-breathe synchronization, they are unable to commence feeds from the bottle and breast immediately after birth, unlike full-term infants. As long as oral feeding is not developed, a number of non-oral feeding methods are employed which feeding methods can cause severe side effects 1. The primary barrier to oral feeding in infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks is the lack of coordination in sucking, swallowing, and breathing. Oral feeding in these infants can cause apnoea, decreased pulse oximetry, transient bradycardia, and aspiration. Therefore, in neonates those who do not reach the gestational age of 34 weeks for them bottle or breastfeeding are not considered, and developmental transition from gavage to oral feeding in a 28-week-old infant may take 6 weeks or longer. Several studies have shown that oral motor intervention on infants less than 34 weeks results in decreased transition time from gavage to oral feeding 2.

Effect of Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention on Oral Feeding and Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Sucking and swallowing coordination did not achieve until 32-34 weeks of gestation in premature infants. Oral motor stimulations improve oral motor musculature and neurobehavioral synergism which improves the rate of oral feeding readiness and weight gain and ultimately reduces the duration of hospitalization. Premature Infant Oral Motor Interventions (PIOMI) is a specific oral motor therapy effective in improving the clinical outcomes among premature infants. Earlier no review had been conducted specifically to assess the effectiveness of PIOMI on oral feeding progression, weight gain, and Length of hospital Stay (LOS) among premature infants. So, the present review had been planned. Review was conducted by searching databases like PubMed/Medline, Embase, Ovid, Clinical Key and Academia, Google and Google Scholar (from PIOMI inception to October 2020). Published articles on RCTs and clinical trials were included. Six studies, with a total of 301 premature infants, were included in Meta Analysis (MA). PIOMI was found effective in early attainment of feeding progression (Mean Difference (MD) = -4.63 days at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = -4.97 to - 4.29, p < 0.001) and shifting from gavage to independent oral feeding (MD = -2.54 days at 95% CI = -3.13 to - 1.95, p < 0.001), shows weight gain at discharge (MD = 51.61 grams at 95% CI = 19.84 to 83.38, p = 0.001), and reduces LOS (MD = -2.81 days at 95% CI = -3.51 to - 2.10, p < 0.001). Review shows shows the effectiveness of PIOMI in improving oral feeding progression and early attainment of gavage to independent oral feedings, and it also showed weight gain at discharge and reduced LOS.

Clinical effects of oral motor intervention combined with non-nutritive sucking on oral feeding in preterm infants with dysphagia

ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of oral motor intervention combined with non-nutritive sucking in treating premature infants with dysphagia. MethodsSixty preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the present study's hospital were selected and randomly divided into the control and intervention groups. The control group was given non-nutritive sucking intervention alone, while the intervention group was given oral motor intervention combined with non-nutritive sucking. The oral motor ability, milk sucking amount and sucking rate, feeding efficiency and outcomes, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were measured and compared. ResultsCompared to first-day interventions, preterm infant oral feeding readiness assessment scale-Chinese version (PIOFRAS-CV) scores of the two groups significantly increased after 14 days of intervention, and this score was higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. Similarly, after 14 days of intervention, the intervention group's milk sucking rate and amount were significantly higher than the control group. Also, after the intervention, the intervention group's total oral feeding weeks were considerably lower, while the feeding efficiency and body weight were significantly higher than the control group. Moreover, the overall adverse reaction rate in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group. ConclusionsOral motor intervention combined with non-nutritive sucking can significantly improve the oral motor ability of premature newborns, promote the process of oral feeding, improve the outcome of oral feeding, and reduce the occurrence of adverse effects. The combined intervention seems to have a beneficial effect on oral feeding proficiency in preterm infants.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ORAL MOTOR INTERVENTION ON FEEDING PERFORMANCE AMONG PRETERM BABIES AT SELECTED HOSPITAL, COIMBATORE.

AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess the level of feeding performance among and determine the effectiveness of oral motor intervention on feeding performance among preterm babies. METHODS: One group pre-test and post-test pre-experimental design was used and 30 samples were selected using non-probability convenient sampling technique. The modied early feeding assessment scale was used to evaluate the feeding performance. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The pretest mean was 22.6 and the post-test mean was 38.8. the mean difference was 16.2. The standard deviation of the pretest was 3.8 and the post -test was 2.8. The calculated paired 't' value 19.12 was highly signicant than the table value (2.6) at 0.05 level. CONCLUSION: It was inferred that oral motor intervention was effective in improving feeding performance among preterm babies

Effects of oral stimulation with breast milk in preterm infants oral feeding: a randomized clinical trial.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of oral stimulation with breast milk for preterm infants. A total of 68 subjects form neonatal intensive care unit were randomly assigned into control group (n=20), premature infant oral motor intervention (PIOMI) group (n=25) and premature infant oral motor intervention with breast milk (BM-PIOMI) group (n=23). BM-PIOMI group had significant shorter initiation of oral feeding (IOF) time compared to PIOMI group (2.95 days, 95% CI [0.42-5.48]) or control group (9.79 days, 95% CI [7.07-12.51]). BM-PIOMI group had significant sooner transition time from IOF to full oral feeding (FOF) compared to control group (6.68days, 95% CI [2.2-11.16]), but not to PIOMI group (2.09days, 95% CI [-2.07 to 6.25]). Length of hospital stay (LOS) did not show statistical different between three groups (control 38.85±14.40 vs. PIOMI 38.48±11.76 vs. BM-PIOMI 38.04±12.2). Growth mixture model identified improvement in non-nutritive sucking (NNS) score in BM-PIOMI group compared to control and PIOMI group (0.8293, p<0.0001, and 0.8296, p<0.0001, respectively). Oral stimulation with breast milk can better promotes the oral feeding process of premature infants than the simple oral stimulation, by shorten IOF time and improve early NNS score, but does not shorten transition time from IOF to FOF and LOS.