Oral Manifestations Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Research Articles

"Oral manifestations of HIV in accordance with CD4 count" - A cross-sectional study.

Mouth acts as a mirror for most of the underlying systemic diseases. Very few studies were done in south Indian population to observe the oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in relation to the cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count, and this study mainly highlights the presenting complaint of HIV patients during their dental visit. The study was aimed to determine the chief complaints of patients along with oral manifestations of HIV and correlate them to CD4 count. One hundred consecutive HIV-positive patients were considered for the study. All the oral manifestations and the chief complaints along with the calculated CD4 counts were noted and the results were correlated. Spearman correlation was used for CD4 count and other oral manifestations. The mean CD4 counts were 421 cells/mm3 with a standard deviation (SD) of 404.34 for the most common oral manifestation of burning mouth and 176.5 cells/mm3 for the least common manifestation of malignancies. The CD4 count ranged from 120 to 1100 cells/mm3. The mean age and CD4 count were 38 years and 398.86, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation with candidiasis and gingivitis, and the rest of the conditions were insignificant. The study results suggest that the chief complaint of presentation of an HIV-positive patient is pain due to carious teeth/abscess followed by burning mouth, with candidiasis being the most common disease.

ORAL CANDIDIASIS AND HIV INFECTION

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dramatically illustrates the awesome transmission capabilities of disease. Oral manifestations of HIV have been important in identification of patients harboring the HIV virus and in predicting the decline in their immune system Oral candidiasis is one of the earliest premonitory signs of HIV infection and its diagnosis may have grave prognostic implications for the eventual development of full blown AIDS. This review is intended to provide information on Oral candidiasis which is often the first manifestation of HIV infection, and dental care providers are likely to be among the first to recognize such manifestations. By recognizing such manifestations it will help to provide optimal and appropriate dental care, ensure early medical intervention, and, ultimately prolong a patient’s life and enhance its quality. Keywords: oral candidiasis, candidosis, HIV, AIDS

Influence of periodontal disease on Th1/Th2-type cytokines in saliva of HIV-positive individuals.

Cytokines present during immune responses have a tremendous influence on resistance/susceptibility to oral diseases including periodontal disease and oral opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised individual, as seen by altered Th cytokines in saliva with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression and oropharyngeal candidiasis. This study was designed to evaluate whether the presence of severe periodontal disease has any influence on Th cytokines in saliva of HIV-positive persons. For this, saliva from a cohort of HIV-positive persons with mild or severe periodontitis was evaluated for Th cytokines. A dominant Th2-type cytokine profile in saliva was validated in HIV-positive subjects with considerable immune suppression, irrespective of periodontal disease status. However, no significant differences in concentrations of Th1- or Th2-type cytokines in saliva were observed when stratified by periodontal status. Thus, the lack of salivary influences by periodontitis eliminates periodontal disease as a variable in interpretations regarding correlates of local cytokines during oral manifestations of HIV.