Objectives.Actinomyces are gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that belong to normal oral flora. Cervico-facial actinomycosis is well recognized; however, a wide spectrum of other lesions associated with Actinomyces, which vary significantly in their clinical and pathological characteristics, can be found in the oral cavity and jawbones, and are not well recognized. The objectives of the study were to investigate the clinical, radiographic, and microscopic characteristics of oral and maxillofacial Actinomyces-associated lesions.