Oral Health Screening Research Articles

Effectiveness of synchronous teledentistry consultations in facilitating treatment compliance of rural pediatric patients

BackgroundLimited access to pediatric oral health care in rural US areas is a substantial dental public health problem. In 2010, the Eastman Institute for Oral Health at the University of Rochester, initiated a synchronous teledentistry program to enhance oral health screenings, treatment planning, and treatment completion for rural pediatric patients who reside in the Western region of New York. MethodsData from dental records of all pediatric patients who were participants in the teledentistry program from its inception on April 13, 2010 through December 31, 2022, were reviewed. Multiple logistic regression models were used to study the association between treatment compliance rate and age, sex, treatment modality, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. ResultsData from the dental records of 1,168 children were reviewed. Nine hundred fifty-four children (81.6%) completed the recommended treatment within 6 months of synchronous teledentistry consultation. Treatment completion rates varied significantly according to treatment modality. In-office consultation had the highest rate (96.8%), followed by oral sedation (89.7%) and operating room treatment (89.5%). Nitrous oxide (66.7%) had the lowest rate (P < .0001). Children recommended for nitrous oxide anxiolysis had the lowest odds of completing treatment (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.36; P < .0001) compared with other treatment modalities. Being older decreased the likelihood of completing treatment (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.99; P = .02). The COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect compliance rates. ConclusionsSynchronous teledentistry consultations with rural pediatric patients and their guardians or caregivers can effectively facilitate treatment completion for children with complex treatment needs in underserved areas. Practical ImplicationsSynchronous teledentistry is a practical adjunct tool to be considered in dental offices.

Research progress on the application of virtual artificial intelligence in risk assessment and diagnosis of periodontal disease

Periodontal disease is a common and frequently-occurring disease in China. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal disease are of great significance for achieving universal oral health and even systemic health. Artificial intelligence endows machines with the ability to mimic human intelligent behavior, and is commonly used in medical field with both physical and virtual forms. Virtual artificial intelligence empowers traditional experience in the application of periodontal disease risk assessment and diagnosis, with the potential to develop a variety of oral health screening tools. It helps to provide new evidence for the prognosis of periodontal disease, improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis, reduce technical sensitivity and further promote the periodontal treatment transformation from "treatment-oriented" to "prevention-oriented". This paper reviews the current applications and progresses of virtual artificial intelligence in periodontal risk assessment and diagnosis, as well as its limitations, providing ideas for future researches on the application of virtual artificial intelligence in this field.

Use of intraoral mobile photography for screening of oral health in children

Abstract Background The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoral mobile photography to assess caries intensity (DMFT/deft), simplified oral hygiene index (S-OHI) and modified gingival index (MGI). Methods Children aged 7-12 were included in the study. The clinical doctor evaluated the oral health indicators by visual examination: DMFT, deft, S-OHI, MGI were calculated. Dental students independently captured photos with a mobile phone (iPhone-11) in 8 predetermined projections. Dental images were kept in coded folders for research anonymity. Another professional calculated index based on the photos. Variables were used with binary values (DMFT/deft = 0/≥1; MGI=0/≥1; S-OHI≤1.2/&amp;gt;1.2). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of dental photography were evaluated and Cohen’s Kappa was calculated to measure the level of agreement between two independent observers. Results 2864 photographs were evaluated for 358 participants. The sensitivity and specificity of intraoral mobile photography for DMFT index is 95.8 (95% CI: 93.4-98.3) and 89.2 (95% CI: 83-95.5); For deft index: 100.0 (95% CI: 100-100) and 88.6 (95% CI: 79.3-98); For MGI: 89.7 (95% CI: 85.8-93.5) and 91.4 (95% CI: 86.3-96.5); For S-OHI: 77.6 (95% CI: 67.6-87.6) and 93.8 (95% CI: 91-96.6); The PPV value for DMFT, deft, MGI and S-OHI is 96.2; 97.7; 95.6 and 74.3 and the NPV value is 88.3; 100.0; 80.9 and 94.8 respectively. It was achieved substantial and perfect agreement between two independent raters: For DMFT, deft, MGI, S-OHI indices Cohen’s Kappa =0.85; 0.93; 0.78; 0.70 correspondingly. Conclusions Intraoral mobile photography, if applied within appropriate guidelines is reliable for assessing caries intensity, simplified hygiene index and modified gingival index as well as visual screening and may become a priority for dental public health. The involvement of dental students in studies of similar design is appropriate. Key messages • Intraoral mobile photography can be used for oral health screening in children. • The involvement of dental program students in screening studies conducted with intraoral mobile photography is appropriate.

Public Periodontal Screening Increases Subsequent Regular Dental Visits: The Life Study.

A public oral health screening, periodontal disease screening, has been implemented in Japan, but it remains unclear whether screening encourages subsequent regular dental visits. This study aimed to examine whether people who underwent periodontal disease screening were more likely to regularly visit dentists after undergoing the screening than before using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach. This study used health care claims data of municipality residents who underwent periodontal disease screening in 2017 or 2018. For each screening recipient, 4 individuals were extracted from those who did not undergo screening as controls. In the DID analysis, we assessed the change in the proportion of dentist visits at least once every 180 d after undergoing screening. A total of 4,050 participants were included in the analysis. The proportion of participants visiting dentists was consistent throughout the study period (approximately 45%) among the participants who did not undergo the screening. However, among the participants who underwent the screening, while the proportion who visited dentists was consistent before screening (approximately 60%), the proportion was higher after screening (1-180 d after, 81.2%). DID analysis indicated that the proportion increased by 12.9% after the screening. In addition, the age-subgroup DID estimates were higher in the younger population (aged 20-35 y, 13.9%; 40-55 y, 12.8%; 60 y, 12.6%). Among people who underwent periodontal disease screening, a higher proportion visited dentists after undergoing the screening than before, suggesting that periodontal disease screening was associated with an increase in subsequent regular dental visits. Our results provide evidence that a public oral health screening could increase regular dental visits, which has the potential to improve and maintain people's oral health, especially in the younger population.

California School Nurses Report on Oral Health Needs of Children and Willingness to Conduct Annual Oral Health Screenings

California School Nurses Report on Oral Health Needs of Children and Willingness to Conduct Annual Oral Health Screenings

Behind the Smile: Detecting Chronic Kidney Disease Through Oral Health Screenings.

Behind the Smile: Detecting Chronic Kidney Disease Through Oral Health Screenings.

Improving oral health screening and dental referrals for patients with diabetes in a community health clinic.

Oral health screening and access to dental care in adults with diabetes lead to improved health outcomes and quality of life. Patients with barriers to accessing health services have a greater risk of poor medical and dental outcomes. People with diabetes are more likely to have periodontal disease and less likely to visit a dentist. Oral screening and dental referrals were not being done at a community health clinic in Plano, Texas. The aim of this 6-month quality-improvement project was to increase oral health screenings in adults with diabetes from 0% to 80%; subaim was to increase access to dental services by increasing referrals from 0% to 50%. Adults with diabetes without insurance or dental care in the past 12 months were eligible for the project ( n = 263). Outcome measures were tracked using a longitudinal chart. Eligible patients were screened and referred to a dental office with an income-based financial assistance program using Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology. Staff education, referral order set, and follow-up calls were additional processes implemented. Fifty-two percent of eligible patients were screened, 35.9% were referred to dental services, and 17.7% of those referred established care with dental clinic. Interventions were successful in improving access to dental care, although target goal was not met. Creating systems that facilitate interdisciplinary care improved health equity and standards of health in chronic disease.

Electronic oral health surveillance system for Egyptian preschoolers using District Health Information System (DHIS2): design description and time motion study

BackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) is a major global health issue affecting millions of children. Mitigating this problem requires up-to-date information from reliable surveillance systems. This enables evidence-based decision-making to devise oral health policies. The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates the adoption of mobile technologies in oral disease surveillance because of their efficiency and ease of application. The study describes developing an electronic, oral health surveillance system (EOHSS) for preschoolers in Egypt, using the District Health Information System (DHIS2) open-source platform along with its Android App, and assesses its feasibility in data acquisition.MethodsThe DHIS2 Server was configured for the DHIS2 Tracker Android Capture App to allow individual-level data entry. The EOHSS indicators were selected in line with the WHO Action Plan 2030. Two modalities for the EOHSS were developed based on clinical data capture: face-to-face and tele/asynchronous. Eight dentists in the pilot team collected 214 events using modality-specific electronic devices. The pilot’s team's feedback was obtained regarding the EOHSS's feasibility in collecting data, and a time-motion study was conducted to assess workflow over two weeks. Independent t-test and Statistical Process Control techniques were used for data analysis.ResultsThe pilot team reported positive feedback on the structure of the EOHSS. Workflow adaptations were made to prioritize surveillance tasks by collecting data from caregivers before acquiring clinical data from children to improve work efficiency. A shorter data capture time was required during face-to-face modality (4.2 ± 0.7 min) compared to telemodality (5.1 ± 0.9 min), p < 0.001). The acquisition of clinical data accounted for 16.9% and 21.1% of the time needed for both modalities, respectively. The time required by the face-to-face modality showed random variation, and the tele-modality tasks showed a reduced time trend to perform tasks.ConclusionsThe DHIS2 provides a feasible solution for developing electronic, oral health surveillance systems. The one-minute difference in data capture time in telemodality compared to face-to-face indicates that despite being slightly more time-consuming, telemodality still shows promise for remote oral health assessments that is particularly valuable in areas with limited access to dental professionals, potentially expanding the reach of oral health screening programs.

Correlation between bone mineral density, vitamin D deficiency, and oral health in women with breast cancer

Breast cancer (BC) survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) typically exhibit various pathological issues, including bone loss, poor oral health, and vitamin D deficiency. Nonetheless, chronic oral disorders are even often neglected in women with BC, and explicit indications regarding oral health screening, evaluation, and treatment to prevent cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL) are lacking. A close link between oral health status and CTIBL might be explained, in part, by the systemic inflammation that characterizes both conditions. In this scenario, the effects of vitamin D (as an inflammation down-regulator) on immune systems are widely acknowledged. Vitamin D might facilitate upregulation of MAP kinases and inhibit the NF-kB signaling pathway, with crucial implications for cytokine serum levels, the prostaglandin inflammation pathway, and the immune cell system. Vitamin D deficiency, smoking, and insufficient usage of dental floss have been found to harm oral health in women with BC receiving AIs. Consequently, vitamin D deficiency screening and supplementation and an appropriate oral rehabilitation strategy should be advised and implemented in the comprehensive therapeutic approach to women with BC treated with AIs. KEY WORDS: Vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, oral health, periodontal diseases, breast cancer.

Validity of claims-based definition of number of remaining teeth in Japan: Results from the Longevity Improvement and Fair Evidence Study.

Secondary healthcare data use has been increasing in the dental research field. The validity of the number of remaining teeth assessed from Japanese dental claims data has been reported in several studies, but has not been tested in the general population in Japan. To evaluate the validity of the number of remaining teeth assessed from Japanese dental claims data and assess its predictability against subsequent health deterioration. We used the claims data of residents of a municipality that implemented oral health screening programs. Using the number of teeth in the screening records as the reference standard, we assessed the validity of the claims-based number of teeth by calculating the mean differences. In addition, we assessed the association between the claims-based number of teeth and pneumococcal disease (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) in adults aged ≥65 years using Cox proportional hazards analyses. Of the 10,154 participants, the mean number of teeth assessed from the claims data was 20.9, that in the screening records was 20.5, and their mean difference was 0.5. During the 3-year follow-up, PD or AD onset was observed in 10.4% (3,212/30,838) and 5.3% (1,589/30,207) of participants, respectively. Compared with participants with ≥20 teeth, those with 1-9 teeth had a 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.43) or 1.19 (95% CI: 1.04-1.36) times higher risk of developing PD or AD, respectively. High validity of the claims-based number of teeth was observed. In addition, the claims-based number of teeth was associated with the risk of PD and AD.

Oral Health Status of Healthcare Workers in Ilembula/Tanzania during the COVID-19 Condition.

The challenge of reduced dental treatment and education infrastructure in the Tanzanian highlands affects the oral health situation of both the general population and local healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health status of healthcare workers at Ilembula Lutheran Hospital (ILH), Tanzania, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 134 healthcare workers (62 women, 72 men; mean age 36.48 ± 9.56 years, range 19-59 years; median age 35.00 years) participated in this cross-sectional study, conducted from 12 February to 27 February. A dental examiner trained in oral health screening performed the oral health data collection. Data collection was performed by probability sampling using the Ilembula Data Collection Form-Oral Health (IDCF-Oral Health) questionnaire distributed in paper form. Ethical approval was obtained from the National Institute for Medical Research/Tanzania. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF/T) index proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used with the associated caries measurement method and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Details regarding edentulism, nutritional habits, and socio-economic factors were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression (α = 0.05). The average DMF-T index was 3.33 ± 0.82, with age, gender, meal frequency, and soft drink consumption significantly influencing the index. No evidence of dental plaque was detected in 43.3% of the participants. Of the participants, 32.8% required prosthetic treatment (Kennedy Class III), while 16.4% needed it for acute malocclusions. Oral hygiene products were used in 97% of cases. A total of 35.8% of the participants had an OHI-S score of up to 1.0, with (p < 0.001) age and (p < 0.001) sex having a significant influence on the index. The current oral health situation of healthcare workers at ILH shows a moderate need for restorative and prosthetic treatment in rural Tanzania. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no change in the need for dental treatment, which may be explained by the generally restricted access to dental healthcare in the investigated region. The development of an interdisciplinary oral health prophylaxis system could help to reduce the need for future treatments.

Peningkatan kesadaran kesehatan rongga mulut pada komunitas taman edukasi anak pemulung di Gampong Jawa, Banda Aceh [Increasing awareness of oral health in the scavengers educational park community in Jawa Village, Banda Aceh

Oral health can affect the overall health of the body, yet there are still many people who do not take care of their oral health. Many factors influence this, including lack of knowledge and cost constraints in maintaining oral health. This service aims to increase awareness of the importance of oral health in the Scavenger Children's Educational Park community. The method of the service is through counseling on the importance of maintaining oral health, teaching how to brush teeth, and conducting oral health screenings. From the oral cavity examination, 38 children were examined with the condition of deciduous teeth with cavities, namely 139 teeth. The number of permanent teeth with caries was 74. The caries index of permanent teeth obtained during the oral cavity examination of children in the age of 6-12 years in the educational park community is 1.73, and the caries index of milk teeth is 5.35. In conclusion, this service activity provided preliminary data on the oral health screening of the children of the Scavenger Children's Educational Park Community in Gampong Jawa. The high caries index in these children can be an input for health services, especially in Gampong Jawa, where children in the area deserve special attention.

Evaluation of oral health among people with multimorbidity in the marginalized population of Karachi, Pakistan: A multicenter cross-sectional study

BackgroundOral health is linked to physical and mental well-being. Oral disease is common among poor and socioeconomically disadvantaged people in developing and industrialized countries. ObjectivesThis study assessed the oral health disease burden among people with multimorbidity in marginalized populations. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted across 16 locations in the slums of Karachi, Pakistan, to assess oral health disease problems among adults aged 18 to 70 with comorbidity or multimorbidity. The questionnaire covered the socioethnic, demographic, and disease status of people with oral health status. Data analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4. ResultsOf the 16 designated slum locations, 870 individuals were considered for oral health screening. Gingivitis was highly prevalent, 29% among slum dwellers with multimorbidity of diabetes, hepatitis, and hypertension. Dandasa was widely used as a tooth-cleansing agent in 35% of the study population. By contrast, 45.4% of people showed unsatisfactory oral hygiene conditions. Pathan ethnicity showed the highest prevalence (i.e., 29.8% of dental problems with disease multimorbidity in 26.8% of Baldia Town residents of Karachi). Of the 870 individuals, the highest frequency of dental problems was found in the age group of 18–38 years (28–42.9%) and among female participants (53.8%). ConclusionThere is an urgent need for the global enhancement of public health programs, specifically focusing on implementing effective strategies to prevent oral illnesses, promote oral health, and address other chronic diseases in basic healthcare settings. Enhancing oral health poses significant difficulties, especially in less developed nations.

A Proposal for a Multidisciplinary Integrated Oral Health Network for Patients Undergoing Major Orthopaedic Surgery (IOHN-OS).

The passing of the years of life physiologically leads to the accumulation of changes in tissues in the oral cavity, influencing dentition, chewing and swallowing mechanisms, and the oral microbiota. Some diseases and medications can aggravate oral symptoms and negatively influence eating behaviours, increasing the likelihood of becoming malnourished. This could make older individuals more vulnerable to complications when undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. Hidden infection foci in the oral cavity are a recognised cause of post-operative periprosthetic joint infections. Dysfunctional oral problems might also compromise feeding after surgery when good nutrition represents a fundamental aspect of a proper recovery. To manage these shortcomings, in this article, the authors hypothesise a multidisciplinary path of care named the Integrated Oral Health Network applied to major Orthopaedic Surgery (IOHN-OS). This peri-operative initiative would include pre-operative oral health screening and risk management by a dental team, patient education programmes before and after surgery, and bedside gerodontology actions like oral care and meal and eating support for fragile individuals. The IOHN-OS has the potential to reshape the concept of suitability for major orthopaedic surgery and generate momentum for designing community-based surveillance programmes that can keep the mouths of older subjects healthy for a long time.

Barriers and facilitators for oral health screening among tobacco users: a mixed-methods study

ObjectivesTobacco consumption adversely affects general and oral health and is considered one of the significant public health burdens globally. The present study aims to assess the barriers and facilitators for attending oral and dental health screening among tobacco users who seek cessation advice.MethodologyThe present mixed-methods study used group concept mapping (GCM) to identify the facilitators/barriers to attending oral health screening among young adults attending face-to-face and virtual Tobacco Cessation Clinic at King Saud University (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) between September 2022 and April 2023. Study investigators included healthcare social workers, dental interns, and oral and maxillofacial medicinists. Information about demographics, general health, oral/dental health and tobacco use were collected using self-completed questionnaires. The barriers and facilitators were assessed following GCM by brainstorming, sorting, rating, and interpretation activities. Descriptive, multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to describe the study participants and produce concept maps of the generated statements.ResultsThe study included 148 participants who generated 67 statements summarised into 28 statements as facilitators or barriers. Based on a 5-point importance scale, the participants indicated the importance of facilitators under health-related cluster [e.g. when I feel pain] as the highest, followed by personal [e.g. to maintain my mouth hygiene], social [e.g. the quality of treatment] and financial clusters [e.g. the reasonable cost]. Concerning barriers, financial factors [e.g. high cost] acted as the highest-rated barrier, followed by personal [e.g. lack of dental appointments] and health-related [e.g. worry that dental problems will worsen]. The social factors were the least considerable barrier [e.g. lack of time]. Clustering these facilitators/barriers on the concept map indicated their conceptual similarity by an average stress value of 0.23.ConclusionPain was the most important facilitator to attending oral health screening by young adults seeking tobacco cessation advice. Notable barriers included the high cost of dental treatment and the lack of scheduled appointments. Thus, oral health care providers need to consider scheduling periodic and timely dental check-ups to prevent and reduce the burden of tobacco-associated and pain-causing oral diseases.

Preoperative Oral Health Screening Prior to Cardiovascular Intervention: A Case Report

Valvular heart disease causes impaired function and decreases the quality of life. This condition could be managed surgically, but preoperative oral health screening is needed to eliminate oral infection. This paper aims to review common clinical findings in oral examination procedures, give an overview of the relationship between oral health and cardiovascular disease, and differentiate between pathological and typical findings in the oral cavity. A 34-year-old woman with valvular heart disease was referred for oral health evaluation and treatment before elective heart valve surgery. She was routinely medicated with Warfarin. She needed extraction of a fractured tooth, restoration of carious teeth, and scaling. Less urgent findings such as abfractions, gingival recession, malposed, and missing teeth could be treated after heart surgery. It was suggested that she not stop Warfarin and take Amoxicillin before dental procedures. In conclusion, general practitioners (GPs) play a significant role in the early detection of commonly found dental problems, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease who are about to undergo surgical intervention. GPs should be able to perform basic oral examinations, provide basic oral health education, know when to use antibiotic prophylaxis or discontinue anticoagulants wisely, and make timely referrals for patients requiring further dental management.

Deteksi Dini Penyakit Melalui Screening Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Anak-Anak di Rumah Asuh YABNI Padang

According to Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of people experiencing dental and oral diseases in Indonesia has increased sharply from 23.2% in 2007 to 57.6% in 2018. The problem found at the YABNI Padang Orphanage was that many children complain of toothache, there have been no dental and oral examinations for children. The solution offered by the head of the proposing team was to carry out early detection of disease through dental and oral health screening for children at the YABNI Padang Orphanage. It was hoped that promotive and preventive efforts will be achieved against dental and oral health risks for children at the YABNI Padang Orphanage by implementing dental and oral health screening for children as well as educating administrators and children about how to care for children's teeth and mouth. Apart from that, the planned output target in this community service was research articles in national service journals. From the results of this community service, it was found that early detection of dental and oral cases/diseases, the most common being caries/cavities, was 101 cases, with 62 cases in girls and 39 cases in boys. Managers should provide ongoing education to foster children so that they remained aware of the importance of dental and oral health.

Peningkatan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Melalui Revitalisasi Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah di SDN Pasar Kamis 2 Kabupaten Banjar

Pasar Kamis 2 elementary school is one of the elementary schools in Kertak Hanyar District that has not implemented a phase III school dental health program, so it is necessary to revitalize the school dental health program. The revitalization of school dental health programs aims to revive promotional programs for dental and oral health in elementary schools. The method applied for this community service activity is by carrying out promotional activities in the form of teacher training for school dental health businesses, training for little doctors, health promotion through the media snakes and ladders and the song SIGIBER, as well as joint toothbrushing activities. Preventive activities carried out include carrying out dental and oral health screening and carrying out fissure sealant treatment and atraumatic restorative treatment based on the results of the screening. Evaluation of community service activities is carried out by measuring the results of pretest and posttest students' knowledge and analyzing the provision of preventive measures to students. The results of this service show that there is a difference in knowledge before and after being given health promotion interventions, as well as an improvement in students' dental and oral health after preventive measures are given in the form of pit and fissure sealants and atraumatic restorative treatment. Revitalization of school dental health businesses is important so that promotional activities for dental and oral health in the school environment are not neglected so that they can improve dental and oral health and school children's achievement in learning.

Knowledge and practice attitudes regarding the relationship between diabetes and periodontitis: a survey among Swiss endocrinologists and general physicians

BackgroundThe objective of the present survey is to assess the knowledge about the relationship between oral health and diabetes and to identify the practice behaviors of Swiss endocrinologists and general practitioners regarding oral health in diabetic patients.MethodsA thirty- item questionnaire was mailed to 428 internists and 99 endocrinologists working in the French speaking part of Switzerland. Participants were asked about their awareness of the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease, their practice behaviors as well as their willingness for an interdisciplinary education and collaboration with oral health professionals. The questions were answered according to a three-point or five-point Likert scale.ResultsThe response rate was 23%. All participants were aware of the inflammatory and infectious nature of periodontal disease. They all agreed that good periodontal health is important for overall health. However, most of the practitioners responded that only rarely received information during their education curricula on the link between systemic and oral health or concerning periodontal problems in diabetic patients (60.9% for endocrinologists and 54.1% for general physicians); thus, only a minority of health practitioners addresses oral health care to their patients (13% and 15.3%, respectively). Both endocrinologists and general health physicians agreed that an oral health screening could be included in their practice (79% for both groups).ConclusionsAn interdisciplinary education and collaboration among medical and dental health providers should be established to effectively prevent, manage, and control both diabetes and periodontal disease in diabetic patients.

Assessment of Potentially Malignant Disorders among Men and Women in South Bihar Population.

Oral cancer is detected in 270,000 people per annum or around 3% of all malignancies. It ranks sixth among males and twelve among females in terms of prevalence. Mostly, all oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are responsible for 92-95% of cases. Oral carcinoma starts five years before the average age of PMD patients, who range in age from 5th to 6th decade of life. Thus, the goal of this study is to identify any relevant risk factors and assess the incidence of oral possibly malignant disorders in both men and women living in rural Bhojpur District, Bihar. A cross-sectional study has been carried out at the Sadar Hospital in Bhojpur by surveying volunteers at various oral health screening and treatment camps held from January 2022 to July 2022. A pre-validated questionnaire adapted and modified from Kumar S et al. was utilized to collect data in a qualitative interview. It was discovered that (17%) of all people had an oral possibly malignant disease. OSMF was the lesion with the greatest prevalence (7%) and lichen planus having the smallest prevalence (1%). Malignancy frequently develops from oral potential malignant diseases. Diabetes and BMI were inversely related, which is expected provided the socioeconomic position.