Oral Health Assessment Tool Scores Research Articles

A prospective cohort study on factors related to dental care and continuation of care for older adults receiving home medical care.

Information on the effects of dental treatment must be identified and factors that hinder the continuation of dental treatment must be identified to provide appropriate domiciliary dental care (DDC). This study aimed to clarify the treatment outcomes of DDC for older adults and the factors that impede the continuation of such care. This prospective study was conducted at a Japanese clinic specializing in dental care for older adults. The functional status, nutritional status, oral assessment, details of the dental treatment, and outcomes after 6months of older adults receiving DDC were surveyed. The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) was used for oral assessment. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to analyze the factors at the first visit that were associated with treatment continuation. A total of 72 participants (mean age, 85.8 ± 6.9) were included. Twenty-three participants (31.9%) could not continue treatment after 6months. The most frequently performed procedures were oral care and dysphagia rehabilitation, followed by prosthetic treatment, then tooth extraction. The percentage of participants with teeth that required extraction after 6months and the total OHAT score decreased significantly. The Barthel Index, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form, and rinsing ability were significantly associated with treatment continuation. Furthermore, instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) and the OHAT "tongue" sub-item were correlated with treatment continuation. In conclusion, DDC improved the oral health status of older adults after 6months. Factors that impeded treatment continuation were decreased ADL, decreased nutritional status, difficulty in rinsing, and changes in the tongue such as tongue coating.

Oral health status and oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study of clients in an Australian opioid treatment program.

Background Individuals with opioid dependence often experience poor oral health, including dental decay, periodontal disease and mucosal infection, frequently exacerbated by factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, inadequate oral hygiene and low utilisation of oral health services. This study aimed to assess oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among opioid-dependent individuals and explore their potential associations. Methods Participants enrolled in an opioid treatment program (OTP) at three Australian urban clinics were assessed using the validated Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Results The average age of the 75 participants was 44.7years, with 45% receiving opioid treatment for over 5years. Dental decay and inadequate oral hygiene were prevalent. Mean OHAT and OHIP-14 scores were 6.93 and 20.95 respectively, indicating moderate oral health severity and poor OHRQoL. Physical pain and psychological discomfort significantly impacted participants' quality of life, with the effects being particularly pronounced for those aged 30 and above. An exploratory analysis revealed a strong correlation between OHAT and OHIP-14 severity scores, with a one-point increase in OHAT associated with 1.85times higher odds of a lower OHRQoL (odds ratio=1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.38-2.49, P = Conclusions These findings underscore the multifaceted impact of oral health on the well-being of OTP clients. Routine dental check-ups, education on oral hygiene practices and timely treatment for oral health problems are crucial recommendations based on this study. Such measures hold the potential to enhance the quality of life for individuals attending OTPs.

Oral Health and Swallowing Function of Nursing Home Residents.

Although a good oral environment helps reduce the risk of pneumonia in the elderly, repeated pneumonia can occur even with frequent oral care. The actual risk of pneumonia during oral intake, the choice of whether oral intake is possible, and the choice of food form are often determined using video fluorography (VF), which can provide detailed information on swallowing function. However, few reports have compared the oral environment and swallowing function, leaving the relationship unclear. We examined the relationship between the oral environment and swallowing function and the characteristics of swallowing function in elderly nursing home residents. The subjects were 48 elderly nursing home residents (13 males, 35 females) with a mean age of 89 years who underwent outpatient or inpatient evaluation of their oral environment and swallowing function. There were three groups of residents: those who were evaluated for swallowing as outpatients, those who were hospitalised for pneumonia, and those who were hospitalised for diseases other than pneumonia. The oral environment was assessed by a dentist or dental hygienist using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Swallowing function was assessed by an otorhinolaryngologist using VF. There was no correlation between OHAT and VF scores in the outpatient group or the group hospitalised for pneumonia, but there was a correlation in the group hospitalised for reasons other than pneumonia. In facilities with good oral care, the development of pneumonia may be related to factors other than the oral environment and the OHAT may reflect conditions other than swallowing function. The swallowing function of nursing home residents should be evaluated by VF, which allows observation of all stages of swallowing.

Impact of oral health management by nurses and dental professionals on oral health status in inpatients eligible for the Nutrition Support Team: A longitudinal study.

As the participation of dental professionals in multidisciplinary care is often limited, instructions on oral health management provided by dental professionals to other professionals are important to achieve transdisciplinary oral health management; however, the effectiveness of such instructions remains unclear. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to determine the impact of oral health management provided by dental professionals and nurses instructed on oral health management by dental professionals on the oral health of inpatients eligible for a Nurition Support Team (NST). The study participants were 117 patients (66 men and 51 women, mean age: 71.9 ± 12.5 years) who received oral health management during the NST intervention period. The participants received oral health management from nurses (Ns group) or dental professionals (D group). The nurses who conducted the oral health management received instructions from dental professionals. Oral health was assessed at the beginning and end of the NST intervention using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). The Ns and D groups showed significant improvements in the total OHAT scores at the end of the NST intervention. Both groups showed significant improvements in the OHAT subitems of lip, tongue, gums and tissues, saliva, oral cleanliness and dental pain, while only the D group showed a significant improvement in the denture subitem. Effective oral health management provided by dental professionals or by nurses trained by them improved the oral health status of inpatients eligible for NST at an acute-care hospital.

Complex interplay of oral health, muscle and bone metabolism, and frailty in older individuals.

To investigate molecular and clinical background of associations among oral health, muscle and bone metabolism, and frailty incidence in patients with fall and fracture history. In total, 88 elderly participants (mean age 71.9 ± 5.8years) with the distal radius fractures were included. Participants were divided into three groups based on an Oral Health Assessment Tool score. Fried criteria and Mini-nutritional assessments were adopted to diagnose frailty and malnutrition, respectively. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum levels of bone turnover markers, proteins, insulin-like growth factor-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and inflammatory cytokines. The mRNA levels of markers of inflammation, muscle synthesis and wasting, and muscle homeostasis regulator in the pronator quadratus muscle were analyzed. Patients with deteriorated oral health demonstrated a higher prevalence of frailty and malnutrition. Significantly lower serum levels of total protein and higher concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected in patients with poor oral health. Significant interaction effects between oral health and frailty level in gait speed, serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and total protein levels were exhibited. Significantly different mRNA expression levels in the pronator quadratus muscle of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF kB, MYOG, and FOXO1 following the oral health were detected. This study highlights relationship between oral health, nutritional uptake, systemic inflammation, and their combined impact on muscle and bone metabolism, ultimately affecting frailty development in the aging populations. A comprehensive understanding of mutual interactions among oral health, nutrition, and inflammation is essential for managing frailty.

Effect of poor oral health status at hospital admission on in-hospital outcomes of older patients with aspiration pneumonia.

To investigate the effects of oral health status at admission on in-hospital outcomes and how it varies during hospitalization in older patients with aspiration pneumonia. This prospective cohort study involved patients aged ≥ 65 years who were admitted to an acute care hospital with a diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia. The patients' basic health information, length of hospital stay (LOS), and oral health assessment tool (OHAT), functional oral intake scale (FOIS), pneumonia severity index, and clinical frailty scale scores were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups based on their median OHAT scores, and intergroup changes were analyzed as a function of time. The relationship between the LOS, FOIS score upon discharge, and OHAT scores at admission was examined using multiple regression analysis. Of the 89 participants (52 were men, with a mean age of 84.8 ± 7.9 years), 75 were discharged. The patients' oral health was measured weekly for 3 weeks after the initial assessment via the OHAT, wherein the median score was 7, with a significant between-group difference. Moreover, OHAT scores improved within both groups throughout their stay. OHAT scores at admission were independently associated with the LOS (B = 5.51, P = 0.009). Poor oral health status at admission was associated with longer hospital stays. Both the high- and low-OHAT groups showed OHAT score improvements. Oral health status is critical in preventing the onset of and treating aspiration pneumonia.

Association between oral health status and functional independence measure on admission in convalescent hospitalized patients

BackgroundOral health management has become increasingly important for acute inpatients. Older patients often require extended periods of medical care, and oral health management is necessary in the convalescent period following the acute period. During the convalescent period, oral health management remains unclear as convalescent hospitals have limited dental resources, and effective dental care must be provided if the objective of hospitalization is to improve life functions. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between daily functioning and oral health status at the time of admission to a convalescent hospital to aid in improving daily functioning in the convalescent period.MethodsWe included patients admitted to the rehabilitation department of a specific convalescent hospital from January to December 2021. A total of 375 patients were included in the study, with complete data records. At admission, we gathered information from the medical records, including the patient’s age, sex, primary disease, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), number of teeth, and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Ver. 27, with a significance level of 5%.ResultsThe mean age of the 375 participants (189 men and 186 women) was 75.0 ± 12.1 years (range, 42–97 years), and over 80% were > 65 years. About 30% of major diseases could be attributed to strokes and fractures, followed by spinal cord and spine diseases. In non-stroke patients, multiple regression analysis using FIM motor, FIM cognitive, and FIM and OHAT total scores as objective variables showed that higher total scores of MNA-SF, FOIS, and lower modified Rankin Scale and OHAT were significantly associated with better FIMs. Lower OHAT scores were significantly associated with lower FOIS and MNA-SF scores, male sex, having fewer teeth, and poor dietary patterns.ConclusionsThe convalescent period is an opportune time to provide intensive dental care due to the generally stable condition and extended hospital stay. Our results suggest that oral health management, such as dysphagia rehabilitation and denture treatment, is important for maintaining and improving independence, a key objective of convalescent rehabilitation, and malnutrition improvement.

Association Between Oral Health Status and Survival Time in Terminally Ill Cancer Patients.

Patients with terminal cancer often experience various oral problems. Whether oral health status is associated with the survival of terminally ill cancer patients receiving palliative care remains unclear. We analyzed the data of 59 Korean patients with terminal cancer receiving palliative care, including their oral health status, using a modified Korean version of the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Patients were categorized into "Good," "Moderate," or "Poor" groups based on OHAT scores. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the median survival time, and the prognosis between groups was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. The most common oral symptoms observed were xerostomia (69.5%) and mucositis (17.0%). Significantly shorter survival times were observed in patients with hyperbilirubinemia, elevated creatinine levels, and no use of dentures. The "Poor" group had a shorter survival than the "Good" oral group (P = .010). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that the "Poor" group was significantly associated with poor survival compared to the "Good" group (hazard ratio, 2.05; P = .047). Terminally ill cancer patients with poor oral health may have a higher risk of shorter survival. Palliative care professionals should pay attention to oral health. Further research is needed to determine the effects of oral care on survival.

A comprehensive assessment of oral health, swallowing difficulty, and nutritional status in older nursing home residents

Declines in oral consumption and swallowing function are common reasons which may elevate the risk of malnutrition in the older adults. This study aimed to provide valuable information and contribute to the existing body of knowledge in this field as well as highlight the importance of a comprehensive assessment of oral health, swallowing function, and nutritional status in long-term care residents. This was a cross-sectional study. Thirty-nine participants were recruited from a nursing home. The comprehensive assessment was evaluated in participants, including oral health (Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT)), swallowing function (Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and Eating Assessment Tool (EAT)-10), and nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF). The average age of participants was 80.4 ± 11.7 years, and 46% of these older adults were found to be at the risk of malnutrition. There was a negative correlation between the OHAT and MNA-SF scores. In addition, subjects with poor oral health (OHAT score = 5~8), oral consumption of a modified diet (FOIS score = 4~6), and reduced swallowing function (EAT-10 score ≥ 3) were more likely to be at risk of malnutrition. A comprehensive evaluation of oral health and swallowing function was closely connected with the nutritional status of older nursing home dwellers.

Relationship between aspiration pneumonia and oral health assessment tool (OHAT)

This study clarified the relationship between aspiration pneumonia and the oral health status. A total of 809 users from Kounankai were targeted. The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) includes eight items: lip, tongue, gingiva/mucosa, saliva, remaining teeth, dentures, oral cleaning, and toothache. Information on aspiration pneumonia was collected from each facility. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed, with aspiration pneumonia as the objective variable and the OHAT items as explanatory variables. The analysis was performed using the R software program, version 4.0. 2, with a significance level of < 5%. No significant association was found between the development of aspiration pneumonia and the OHAT score. The proportion of males was significantly higher in the aspiration pneumonia group than in the group without pneumonia. No association was found between the development of aspiration pneumonia and the OHAT score.

Factors influencing the selection of oral healthcare providers in multidisciplinary Nutrition Support Team for malnourished inpatients: A cross-sectional study.

Oral health management involving dental professionals in a multidisciplinary Nutritional Support Team (NST) is effective collaborative care. However, the indicators for the triage of oral health management requirements and selection of oral healthcare providers remain unclear. This cross-sectional study included inpatients with malnutrition and aimed to investigate the factors associated with determining the need for oral health management involving dental professionals and selecting primary oral healthcare providers when needed. Participants included 255 inpatients (154 males and 101 females, mean age 69.7 ± 14.4 years) aged ≥20 years who underwent oral assessment by the NST between April 2016 and July 2019. Participants were assigned to the following groups: good oral health group, oral health management by nurses under the supervision of dental professionals group, and oral health management by dental professionals group. The comprehensive oral health status was investigated using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). The total OHAT score ranges from 0 to 16, with a higher score indicating a poorer oral environment. The total OHAT score had a significant correlation with the need for oral health management by dental professionals. Inpatients with denture problems required oral health management from dental professionals. The optimal cutoff value of the total OHAT score for determining the need for oral health management was four. The need for oral health management by dental professionals increased with worsening oral health status, especially denture problems. The OHAT score could be used to triage inpatients who require oral health management collaborated with dental professionals.

Changes in oral health status with dental intervention during the acute to subacute stages of stroke.

To investigate the changes in oral health status with dental intervention during the acute and subacute stages of stroke and their associations with oral intake status. Oral health may deteriorate easily in patients following a stroke. However, data are scarce on the changes in oral health with dental intervention throughout the acute and subacute stages of stroke recovery. We prospectively recruited 98 stroke patients who were admitted to an acute hospital and referred to a dental team and then could be followed at a subacute rehabilitation unit in the same hospital. Provided dental intervention, including oral health care and other general dental treatments, was recorded. Oral health was assessed with Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), and the changes in OHAT score during the acute and subacute stages were statistically tested. Oral feeding status was examined using Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). The cohort was divided into the non-oral feeding, dysphagia and regular diet groups based on FOIS score. Differences in OHAT among the oral intake groups were statistically tested. Gross OHAT score did not differ among the oral intake groups at the time of admission (mean ± standard deviation score: 6.5 ± 2.8 for non-oral diet, 5.6 ± 2.4 for dysphagia diet and 5.3 ± 2.1 for regular diet), but improved more in the regular diet group (2.4 ± 1.5) than in the other groups (5.8 ± 3.0 for non-oral diet and 4.0 ± 2.1 for dysphagia diet) at the last evaluation. Oral hygiene scores improved significantly in the acute stage, while scores for dentures and natural teeth ameliorated significantly in the subacute stage. Our findings suggest that appropriate dental intervention in the acute and subacute stages of stroke may contribute to improved oral health and oral food intake.

Relationship between oral health and prognosis in patients with empyema: Single center retrospective study with propensity score matching analysis.

Empyema is a life-threatening infection often caused by oral microbiota. To the best of our knowledge, no reports have investigated the association between the objective assessment of oral health and prognosis in patients with empyema. A total of 63 patients with empyema who required hospitalization at a single institution were included in this retrospective study. We compared non-survivors and survivors to assess risk factors for death at three months, including the Renal, age, pus, infection, diet (RAPID) score, and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) score. Furthermore, to minimize the background bias of the OHAT high-score and low-score groups determined based on the cut-off value, we also analyzed the association between the OHAT score and death at 3 months using the propensity score matching method. The 3-month mortality rate was 20.6% (13 patients). Multivariate analysis showed that a RAPID score ≥5 points (odds ratio (OR) 8.74) and an OHAT score ≥7 points (OR 13.91) were significantly associated with death at 3 months. In the propensity score analysis, a significant association was found between a high OHAT score (≥7 points) and death at 3 months (P = 0.019). Our results indicated that oral health assessed using the OHAT score may be a potential independent prognostic factor in patients with empyema. Similar to the RAPID score, the OHAT score may become an important indicator for the treatment of empyema.

Association Between Oral Health and Swallowing Function in the Elderly.

Although the oral environment significantly affects the risk of pneumonia, there have been few studies regarding its relation with swallowing. There is no doubt that there is a significant link between the oral environment and the development of pneumonia; however, there have been few comparative studies of swallowing using video endoscopy (VE) and video fluorography (VF) as indicators to determine the actual availability of oral intake and the choice of food form. This study was performed to examine whether the oral environment or swallowing function contributes more to the development of pneumonia in the elderly. The study population consisted of 24 patients (7 men and 17 women; age range: 64-97 years; average age: 86 years) assessed using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), VE and VF at Fukuoka Dental College Hospital. The most common disease was pneumonia (17 patients), followed by cerebral infarction (5 patients), pyelonephritis (4 patients), bronchitis (2 patients), Parkinson's disease (2 patients), scleroderma (1 patient), diabetes (1 patient), eosophageal cancer (1 patient) and Parkinson's syndrome> (1 patient). Some patients had multiple diseases. Oral intake was possible in 20 patients (80%), whereas tube feeding and gastric banding were required in 4 patients. The OHAT score was not correlated with either the VE or VF score. Furthermore, the OHAT score was not significantly different between the multiple- and no/single-pneumonia episode groups. The group with multiple episodes of pneumonia had lower VE and VF scores than those with no or only a single episode of pneumonia. Oral assessment, VE and VF are necessary to evaluate swallowing in patients with suspected dysphagia. Swallowing function, especially as assessed by VE and VF, is more important than examination of the oral environment for evaluating risk of recurrent aspiration pneumonia in the elderly. In addition, multiple factors contribute to recurrent pneumonia in patients with a good oral environment, including subclinical aspiration, pharyngeal clearance and delayed activation of the gag reflex.

Influence of the Oral Health Assessment Tool Score on Survival of Patients With Esophageal Cancer.

We investigated the influence of the preoperative Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) score on the outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer after curative surgery. This study included 90 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent curative surgery and who were screened with the OHAT between 2008 and 2021. The OHAT consists of eight categories with three possible scores. The risk factors for 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were identified. Patients were divided into healthy (n=42) and unhealthy (n=48) groups. The OHAT score was identified as a significant risk factor for postoperative pneumonia (11.9% vs. 43.8%, p=0.001) and postoperative hospital stay (20.5 days vs. 50.1 days, p=0.042). The 5-year OS rate after surgery was 71.2% in the healthy group and 43.2% in the unhealthy group, which was a significant difference (p=0.015). A multivariate analysis showed that a high OHAT score was a significant independent factor for 5-year OS (p=0.034). The OHAT score was a useful prognostic marker in patients who underwent curative surgery for esophageal cancer. To improve the oncological outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer, it is necessary to carefully plan perioperative oral/dental care using the OHAT score.

Changes in Nutrition-Intake Method and Oral Health through a Multidisciplinary Team Approach in Malnourished Older Patients Admitted to an Acute Care Hospital.

Malnourished older inpatients referred to a nutrition support team (NST) usually receive multidisciplinary oral health management during NST intervention. However, the effects of multidisciplinary oral health management on the nutrition-intake method and oral health in these patients remain unclear. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the effects of NST-mediated multidisciplinary oral health management on the nutrition-intake methods, oral health, and the systemic and oral factors influencing the changes in the nutrition-intake method. A total of 117 inpatients (66 men, 51 women, mean age, 71.9 ± 12.5 years) who underwent NST-mediated multidisciplinary oral health management between April 2016 and July 2019 were enrolled. Demographic data and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS), and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) scores at the time of referral to the NST and completion of the NST intervention were evaluated. After multidisciplinary NST intervention, FOIS, DSS, and OHAT scores showed significant improvements (p < 0.001). Even after adjusting the results for systemic parameters, FOIS score improvement correlated positively with the length of NST intervention (p = 0.030) and DSS score improvement (p < 0.001) as well as OHAT score improvement (p = 0.047). NST interventions with multidisciplinary oral health management could improve the nutrition-intake method.

Association between oral health and advisability of oral feeding in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care: a cross-sectional study

PurposeMaintenance of oral feeding is important in terms of maintaining and improving the quality of life in terminal cancer patients receiving palliative care. Although adequate oral health status is essential for oral feeding in hospitalized patients, the relationship between oral health and oral feeding in patients receiving palliative care remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine how the general condition and oral health status of these patients relate to decisions regarding their nutritional intake methods.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 103 terminal cancer patients (59 men and 44 women; mean age, 73.8 ± 10.9 years) who received palliative care between April 2017 and August 2019. The nutritional method was assessed using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). We assessed two types of nutritional methods: (1) the method advised by the attending physician until the initial dental examination (FOIS-I) and (2) the recommended method based on consultation with a palliative care doctor and dentist after the initial oral examination (FOIS-R). Furthermore, the participants’ basic information and Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS) and Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) scores were assessed.ResultsThere was a divergence between FOIS-I and FOIS-R. FOIS-R was significantly higher than FOIS-I (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the time until death, DSS score, and OHAT score had a significant impact on determining the food form for oral feeding.ConclusionsAppropriate oral health assessment is important in determining the food form and indication for oral feeding among patients receiving palliative care.

Memory decline in older individuals predicts an objective indicator of oral health: findings from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that there is an association between poor oral health and cognitive function in late adulthood. However, most studies to date have relied on cross-sectional research methods that do not permit inferences about the temporality of any association. Moreover, the few longitudinal studies that do exist have typically relied on small samples and quite limited cognitive or oral health assessments. The aim of the present study was therefore designed to provide the first direct evaluation of whether cognitive function is predictive of poor oral health in older adults.MethodsThis longitudinal research included data from 339 participants aged 70 years or older from The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (MAS), a large cohort of healthy community-dwelling older adults. Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of tests at baseline (Wave 1) in 2005 and six years later (Wave 4) in 2011. In 2015 (Wave 6), participants were assessed for oral health using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), number of functional occluding pairs of natural teeth and sublingual resting saliva pH (SRSpH). Ordinal least squares regression analysis was used to model the effect of cognitive function on total OHAT score, and binomial logistic regression used for SRSpH and occluding pairs of functional teeth.ResultsTwo models were tested. In the partially adjusted model, age, gender and years of education were included. The fully adjusted model additionally included medical conditions, general health, depression, smoking, alcohol consumption, functionality, and dental care utilization. The key finding to emerge was that a six-year change in memory (from Wave 1 to Wave 4) was associated with lower sublingual resting saliva pH at Wave 6 in partially (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.65) and fully adjusted model (OR = 0.63).ConclusionsThis longitudinal study provides further evidence that a relationship between cognitive function and oral health exists, and also points to this relationship potentially being bi-directional, as previous evidence suggests. The findings from the study also suggest that older adults who present with greater than normal memory decline at an earlier point in life were more likely to experience poor oral health when this was evaluated at a later time-point, four years later.

Differences in the oral health status in hospitalised stroke patients according to swallowing function: A cross-sectional study.

Dysphagia is one of the common complications caused by stroke, leading to poor oral health. Oral health is often neglected after stroke by clinical care providers and the patients. Identifying the status of oral health in hospitalised stroke patients with swallowing disorders will facilitate the attention of clinical care providers. To investigate the differences in the oral health status between hospitalised post-stroke patients with dysphagia and non-dysphagia. A cross-sectional study. A purposive sampling method was used to recruit participants. Participants included hospitalised post-stroke patients with dysphagia and without dysphagia. Stroke patients were recruited from the Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital in China. A total of 120stroke patients completed the survey. The data collected included their demographics, the scores on the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10). The study was compliant with the STROBE checklist. The average age of the dysphagia group was 67 (64~76) vs the participants without dysphagia group 67 (65~76), (p=.610). The mean standard deviation (SD) OHAT score of participants with dysphagia was 5.28 (2.33) compared to participants without dysphagia 8.89 (3.07), (p<.05). This result indicates post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) patientshad worse oral health than stroke patients without dysphagia. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that oral health status was the independent influencing factor of swallowing function (p<.01). The participants with dysphagia had worse oral health status compared to those without dysphagia, illustrating the critical importance of improving attention to oral health management in patients with post-stroke swallowing disorders. Oral health was often omitted when comparing to other functional impairments resulting from stroke. Health caregivers of post-stroke patients with dysphagia should be aware of the importance of evaluating patient's oral condition and implementing oral care.

Evaluation of wiping edible sesame oils in the oral cavities of hospitalised older patients who resist oral hygiene management.

One of the causes of aspiration pneumonia is poor oral hygiene. We need care methods that caregivers can quickly, safely and inexpensively implement for convalescents with inadequate self-care. Edible sesame oil containing sesamin or sesaminol has already been shown to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth and have a vasodilating effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of using edible sesame oils for oral hygiene management. This study evaluates an oral hygiene management method using two types of sesame oils in elderly hospitalised patients resistant to oral hygiene management. The inpatients received oral care for 90 days. In the intervention groups, nurses brushed and wiped the oral cavity with roasted sesame oil (RSO) or sesame salad oil, while in the control group, care with tap water alone and brushing were done. Bacteria and Candida counts from tongue swabs, water content from the tongue's surface and cheek mucosa, oral health assessment tool (OHAT) and cytology of the cheek mucosa were assessed every 30 days before and after the intervention. RSO showed a tendency to reduce the number of bacteria and Candida. There was an improvement in the OHAT scores with both oils. The water content or cytology was not changing. Sesame oils may improve oral hygiene and maintain health in older patients.