Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of Oral Floor Research Articles

Improved diagnostics of “concealed” metastases in patients with сТ1–2N0М0 oral squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with a high risk of regional metastasis even in early stages (T1–2N0M0). Morphological examination reveals concealed metastases in 20 % of removed clinically unaffected lymph nodes.Objective – to evaluate the effectiveness of flow cytometry for detection of concealed metastases in sentinel lymph nodes as an indication for cervical lymph node dissection in patients with stage сT1–2N0M0 oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methods. This study included 27 patients, including 13 patients (48.1 %) with stage T1N0M0 cancer and 14 patients with stage T2N0M0 cancer (51.9 %). At the first stage, all participants underwent primary tumor removal and cervical lymph node dissection with sentinel lymph node examination. After mobilization, half of these lymph nodes was used for routine morphological examination followed by immunohistochemical examination, while the second half of them was analyzed using flow cytometry. Then we compared the results obtained.Results. We examined 46 removed sentinel lymph nodes from 27 patients. Conventional histological examination revealed 4 concealed metastases (8.7 %). Polymerase chain reaction allowed us to detect another 16 metastases (37.8 %). Levels I, II, and III lymph nodes were most frequently affected. Flow cytometry demonstrated that 20 % of patients with a <4 mm invasion had concealed metastases, whereas patients with a 4 to 8 mm invasion had concealed metastases in 60 % of cases. Median follow-up time was 20.4 ± 11.7 months (range: 2.2 to 42.5 months; median 19.5 months). All participants were alive during this time. Seventeen out of 27 patients with stage T1–2N0M0 disease (63 %) were found to have concealed metastases, while the remaining ten patients (37 %) had no metastasis. One patient with stage T1N0M0 oral floor squamous cell carcinoma underwent the removal of the primary tumor and sentinel lymph node. Morphological examination and flow cytometry showed no metastatic lesions. After 14.8 months, the patient developed ipsilateral regional CN3 metastasis. The three-year progression-free survival rate was 94.7 ± 5.1 %.Conclusion. Highly sensible and rapid flow cytometry can become the method of choice in the diagnosis of metastases and deciding on cervical lymph node dissection in patients with cN0 disease. The study is still ongoing.

Construction and analysis of a competing endogenous RNA network to reveal potential prognostic biomarkers for Oral Floor Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with Oral Floor Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OFSCC) face considerable challenges in physiology and psychology. This study explored prognostic signatures to predict prognosis in OFSCC through a detailed transcriptomic analysis.MethodWe built an interactive competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network that included lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to predict the gene functions and regulatory pathways of mRNAs. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm (LASSO) analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to screen prognosis factors. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival rate of prognosis factors. Risk score was used to assess the reliability of the prediction model.ResultsA specific ceRNA network consisting of 56 mRNAs, 16 miRNAs and 31 lncRNAs was established. Three key genes (HOXC13, TGFBR3, KLHL40) and 4 clinical factors (age, gender, TNM, and clinical stage) were identified and effectively predicted the for survival time. The expression of a gene signature was validated in two external validation cohorts. The signature (areas under the curve of 3 and 5 years were 0.977 and 0.982, respectively) showed high prognostic accuracy in the complete TCGA cohort.ConclusionsOur study successfully developed an extensive ceRNA network for OFSCC and further identified a 3-mRNA and 4-clinical-factor signature, which may serve as a biomarker.

Reovirus oncolysis in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells

Objective: To determine whether reovirus, a double-standed RNA virus is effective on the growth of a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Designs: In vitro cell proliferation assay, KB cells, a human oral floor squamous cell carcinoma cell line, were treated with reovirus and the number of cells was quantitated by an assay, using trypan blue staining. In vivo tumor growth assay, KB cells were injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice, which were given an intratumoral injection of reovirus to a maximum four times in every week. The tumor size was measured once a week. Simultaneously, apoptosis and necrosis of KB cells were investigated, using technique of immunohistochemistry. Results: In vitro, the multiplication of the KB cell was inhibited depending on the concentration of reovirus. In vivo, athymic nude mice bearing KB tumors were injected with the virus intratumorally, and the tumor growth was suppressed proportionally depending on the injection time of reovirus. Necrosis was recognized extensively in the pathological specimen. On the other hand, apoptosis-inducing effect was not obvious in these specimen. Conclusions: Reovirus suppressed tumor growth of KB cells in vivo as well as in vitro. The possibility that reovirus could become the means of treatment for head and neck carcinoma, was suggested with further work.

Reovirus oncolysis in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells

Objective: To determine whether reovirus, a double-standed RNA virus is effective on the growth of a human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Designs: In vitro cell proliferation assay, KB cells, a human oral floor squamous cell carcinoma cell line, were treated with reovirus and the number of cells was quantitated by an assay, using trypan blue staining. In vivo tumor growth assay, KB cells were injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice, which were given an intratumoral injection of reovirus to a maximum four times in every week. The tumor size was measured once a week. Simultaneously, apoptosis and necrosis of KB cells were investigated, using technique of immunohistochemistry. Results: In vitro, the multiplication of the KB cell was inhibited depending on the concentration of reovirus. In vivo, athymic nude mice bearing KB tumors were injected with the virus intratumorally, and the tumor growth was suppressed proportionally depending on the injection time of reovirus. Necrosis was recognized extensively in the pathological specimen. On the other hand, apoptosis-inducing effect was not obvious in these specimen. Conclusions: Reovirus suppressed tumor growth of KB cells in vivo as well as in vitro. The possibility that reovirus could become the means of treatment for head and neck carcinoma, was suggested with further work.

Anti-tumor effect of vitamin A and D on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives: Vitamin A and D 3 have a very strong differentiation induction effect. Study design: We examined the anti tumor effect on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by treatment with several vitamins having strong differentiation induction effects in vitro. Methods: We used KB cell that an oral floor squamous cell carcinoma, vitamins as all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 4-[3,5-bis (trimethylsilyl) benzamido] benzoic acid (TAC-101), 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 (calcitriol) and 22-oxa-1,25-(OH) 2D 3 (OCT). We determined receptors of vitamin A and D 3 using RT-PCR. Furthermore, we investigated the proliferation of tumor cells in concentration dependency using [ 3H]TdR uptake method, apoptosis and apoptosis related factors using TUNEL method and real-time PCR, cell cycle changes using flow cytometry, changing of the sensitivity of using MTT method, cytokine production and the angiogenesis factor using ELISA, by treatment with these vitamins. Results: The deficit of RAR-β was found in the KB cell. Each vitamin suppressed the cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, upregulated sensitivity of the chemotherapeutics drugs and downregulated several angiogenesis factors and an apoptotic factor; survivin. Conclusions: These results support the idea that vitamin A, D 3 and their derivatives are useful for preventing and/or treating patients with HNSCC.

口腔癌の診断学的研究 教室過去８年間の臨床統計的観察

During the 8-year period from 1983 to March 1991, 71 cases with primary carcinoma in the oral cavity were observed and treated in the Department of Oral Surgery at Hirosaki University Hospital.Fourty-nine patients were male and 22 were female showing a male to female ratio of 2.2: 1. The age of patients ranged from 26 to 80 years, and the mean age was 59.2.Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 87.3% of the all cases. Stage grouping by UICC (1987) showed that 56.3% of the cases were clinically classified into stage IV. More than 1 year was spent in 28.2% of the patients until diagnosis was accomplished after chief complaint had been appeared.On admission, serum IAP elevated for 38.2% of the cases, and serum SCC for 16.1% of the cases with squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. All cases for which serum SCC elevated were in stage IV, and histologically high differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is rare. Serum TP was low in 40.8% of the cases, and serum Hb was low in 49.3% of the cases.The former is remarkable for the cases of lip and tongue cancer, the latter for the cases of oral floor cancer. Serum ALP elevated for 20.6% of the cases of maxillary and mandibular cancer.Radiologic finding showed CT is effective to diagnose maxillar cancer, but not so effective on mandibular cancer, and partially to oral floor and tongue cancers.MRI made up for the diagnosis of mandibular cancer, but only a part of oral floor and tongue cancers were diagnosed. 67Ga Scintigraphy is more effective for the diagnosis of oral floor squamous cell carcinoma than CT or MRI.